scholarly journals Proportion of Non-Compliance and Factors Affecting It in Children Undergoing Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 2879-2884
Author(s):  
Pravitha M. Kumar ◽  
Naina Jabeen Hyder ◽  
Shaji A ◽  
Sunil M.S ◽  
Pappa P
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Final Visual Acuity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Occlusion Therapy ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND The term amblyopia literally means dullness of vision. It is defined as unilateral or bilateral reduction of visual acuity due to pattern vision deprivation or abnormal binocular interaction for which no ocular causes can be detected by ocular examination and can be reversed by therapeutic measures. The study was undertaken to estimate the proportion of non-compliance and factors affecting it in children undergoing occlusion therapy for amblyopia. METHODS The study was designed as a hospital based cross sectional study. Children aged 5 - 12 years undergoing occlusion therapy for amblyopia due to strabismus, anisometropia or both, who had been prescribed occlusion for a period of minimum 3 months were included in the study. Children with developmental or neurological disorders and other ocular conditions causing visual impairment, whose parents were not willing to participate in the study or follow up, and uncooperative children were also excluded from the study. RESULTS 52.5 % were non-compliant to occlusion therapy, 31.1 % were partially compliant and only 16.4 % were compliant. 38.5 % had final visual acuity in the range of 6 / 60 - 6 / 24 and 6 / 18 – 6 / 12, 20 % had 6 / 9 - 6 / 6. Different variables were assessed against compliance to check for any association. Significant association was found between compliance to occlusion and socioeconomic status (p = .006), visual acuity at presentation (p = .026), type of amblyopia (p = .038) and final visual acuity (p < .01) and association with educational status were found to be borderline (p = .059). CONCLUSIONS Occlusion therapy for amblyopia is a long drawn process which needs strict compliance and regular follow up. Compliance is a major factor affecting final visual outcome. Poor compliance leads to unsuccessful amblyopia therapy which in turn can have negative impact on child’s learning ability and psychosocial wellbeing. For this reason it is critical that care givers leave the clinic with clear knowledge of how and why patching is being recommended and its importance in improving child’s vision. KEYWORDS Amblyopia, Occlusion, Compliance

scholarly journals A cross-sectional audit of distress in patients undergoing adjuvant therapy or follow-up in central nervous system malignancies

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Vijay M Patil ◽  
Mridul Malhotra ◽  
Raees Tonse ◽  
Jayita Deodhar ◽  
Arun Chandrasekharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
High Distress ◽  
Cancer Network

Abstract Background Unaddressed high distress leads to noncompliance with treatment, negatively affects quality of life, and may also have a negative impact on the prognosis of cancer patients. Patients with brain tumors have higher levels of distress than the general population and hence we hypothesize that even routine visits during adjuvant treatment or follow-up are likely to be stressful. This analysis was performed to identify the incidence of distress and factors affecting it. Methods This was an audit of 84 consecutive patients seen in an adult neuro-medical oncology outpatient department who were either receiving adjuvant chemotherapy or were on follow-up. Distress screening with the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) distress thermometer was performed. Patients in whom distress was scored as 4 or above were considered as having high distress. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors affecting distress. Results The median age of the cohort was 40 years (interquartile range, 28.3 to 50 years). Actionable distress defined as a distress score of 4 or more was seen in 52 patients (61.9%, 95% CI 51.2% to 71.5%). Presence of physical deficit (odds ratio [OR] = 3.412, P = .020) and treatment under the private category (OR = 5.273, P = .003) had higher odds of having high distress. Conclusion A high proportion of brain tumor patients either on adjuvant chemotherapy or on follow-up have high distress levels that need to be addressed even during follow-up.

STUDYING OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION IN HUE CITY IN 2011

2012 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Thi Minh Xuan Doan ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Study Results

Children with mental retardation have low intelligence, slow thinking, low learning ability in comparison with the same age children. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of children with mental retardation in Hue City. 2. To study some characteristics of children with mental retardation. Materials and methodes: All children with mental retardation in Hue city. Cross sectional study. Results: The prevalence of children with mental retardation (CMR) among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. The highest prevalences ware in Phu Binh, Xuan Phu quarters (0.79 and 0.66%), lowest in Thuan Loc, Thuan Thanh quarters (0.03 and 0.06%). Children over 5 yrs old were 75.95%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities. More than 78% have late walking, 84% have late speaking. Conclusions: The prevalence of children with mental retardation among children under 15 yrs is 0.23%, among disable children 38.16%. Most of children have slow development in movement and daily activities.

Psychological Morbidity Among Post-COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-sectional Study from Chennai, South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
D. Devi ◽  
V. Monica ◽  
Ravi Santhosh ◽  
Vijaya Raghavan ◽  
P. Poornachandrika
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Psychological Morbidity ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health threat and is by far the largest outbreak of atypical pneumonia, since the SARS outbreak in 2003. A range of psychiatric morbidities such as persistent depression, anxiety, panic attacks, delirium and suicidality were observed in the post infectious state across the world. Hence, the aim of the study was to understand the psychological status of the patients affected by COVID during their post-COVID follow-up period and to examine the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with high psychological morbidity. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in the post-COVID follow up clinic, at a tertiary care hospital between the months of August - November 2020, using a semi structured proforma and rating scales such as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for depression, anxiety and insomnia, respectively. Results: The study results indicate that the prevalence of depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients was 21.9% and 11.9%, respectively. Insomnia was observed among 21.7%Among various sociodemographic and clinical variables examined, it was observed that female gender, patients with ongoing stressors and patients with post-COVID-19 persistent physical symptoms were found to be associated with greater depression and anxiety among the study population. Conclusions: Persistent physical symptoms and ongoing life stressors are found to be associated with depression and anxiety among post-COVID-19 patients. Hence, periodic screening for individuals with persisting physical symptoms and care for the vulnerable population such as those with ongoing stressors will provide a significant advantage in the follow up of the mental health of the patients affected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Femtosecond laser-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (FSALK) versus microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (MALK) for the treatment of anterior corneal dystrophy.

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwan Almousa ◽  
Sheraz M Daya
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Lamellar Keratoplasty ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Clinical Recurrence ◽  
Corneal Scarring ◽  
Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty

Purpose: To compare the visual outcome of femtosecond laser-assisted anterior keratoplasty (FSALK) and microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar keratoplasty (MALK) in anterior corneal dystrophy.  Methods: retrospective comparative chart review of 7 eyes that underwent FSALK and 7 eyes that underwent MALK. The primary outcome was the visual outcome of both procedures. The secondary outcome was the recurrence of the corneal dystrophies.Results: Mean follow-up time was 30±14(7-51) months for the FSALK group and 127±28(80-127) months for the MALK group. In the FSALK group the preoperative best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) improved from 20/63 to 20/25 at 36 months. In the MALK group there was 1 eye with documented BSCVA over 36 months follow-up; it improved from 20/160 preoperatively to 20/32 at 36 months. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) at 36 months improved from 20/100 preoperatively to 20/63 in the FSALK group and from 20/200 preoperatively to 20/63 in the MALK group. Five eyes with Reis-Bucklers showed a clinical recurrence at a mean of 142±13(125-152) months. Two eyes with granular dystrophy showed a clinical recurrence at 23 and 80 months of follow-up. One eye in the MALK group had epithelial ingrowth. One eye in the FSALK group with compromised ocular surface due to 2 previous penetrating keratoplasty, suffered bacterial keratitis that ended up with corneal scarring. Conclusion: Both procedures improve visual outcome for anterior corneal dystrophy. FSALK has theoretical advantages over MALK; however, larger prospective studies are needed to prove this.

scholarly journals An empirical investigation of physical literacy-based adolescent health promotion

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minmin Du ◽  
Yimin Liu ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Physical Elements

Abstract A reexamination of the health problems of Chinese adolescents based on the concept of physical literacy (PL) was necessary. Through the use of follow-up data collected from the China Education Panel Survey 2014–2015, the main factors affecting the health of adolescents were identified, and possible explanations were investigated after cluster and inductive analyses were conducted. The results showed that (1) the 10 main factors identified as affecting adolescent health promotion are in line with the four main elements of PL (emotional, cognitive, social and physical elements) and (2) the three major categories of influencing factors identified through a cluster analysis were aligned with the three main factors of PL (endogeneity, fundamentality and permeability). These findings suggest that the factors influencing adolescent health promotion are closely associated with PL. The study results can provide empirical evidence for adolescent health promotion research and a reference for the development of evidence-based PL training models.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Outcomes of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Ebenezer Zaabaar ◽  
Frank Assiamah ◽  
Michael Agyemang Kwarteng ◽  
Kofi Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity

Background: The growing middle-class population of Ghana has seen more people being employed in visually demanding occupations  and hence there is an increased desire for quality post-cataract surgical visual outcomes. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) among Ghanaians. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which records of patients who underwent MSCIS or phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 248 eyes were reviewed, out of which 132 underwent PHACO and 116 had MSICS. A significant number of the  PHACO group had good (6/6–6/18) uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) compared to the MSICS group at 1–2 weeks follow-up (p = 0.003) and 4–6 weeks follow-up (p = 0.002). MSICS resulted in a higher total astigmatic change compared to PHACO (p < 0.001). The PHACO grouphad a higher number of postoperative complications compared with the MSICS group (p <0.001). Postoperative borderline and poor  uncorrected visual acuity were associated with age, total astigmatic change, and postoperative complications. Conclusion: The postoperative UCVA outcomes at 4–6 weeks’ follow-up indicates that PHACO resulted in noticeably less spectacle dependency when compared to MSICS.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Tramadol-Associated Seizure

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 26674.1-26674.5
Author(s):  
Maryam Zaare Nahandi ◽  
◽  
Sayna Abbaszadeh ◽  
Mostafa Mansouri ◽  
Haniyeh Elahifard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Higher Doses

Background: Tramadol is a widely prescribed analgesic and due to its opioid-like effects, the potential for abuse of tramadol is noticeable. Besides, the complications of tramadol abuse have become a public health concern. This study aimed to investigate the affecting factors on the seizure, as one of the most common complications of tramadol consumption. Methods: A total number of 64 patients from 315 patients who were referred to Sina Hospital, Tabriz, Iran because of tramadol toxicity were included in this 9 months cross-sectional retrospective study. Results: There were 52 males and 12 females in the study. The seizure happened in 53.1% of the subjects and the Mean±SD time between tramadol consumption and seizure was 5.9±7.36 hours. There was no significant association between seizure and sex, age, the dose of tramadol, and previous tramadol consumption history. A significant association was seen between the dose of tramadol and the time of seizure. Conclusion: Seizure that happens due to tramadol overdose is not dependent on sex, age, and previous history of tramadol consumption. As the dose of tramadol is higher, the seizure happens later. More research is needed to understand why the seizure occurs later in higher doses.

scholarly journals An empirical investigation of workplace factors affecting lean performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Vlachos ◽  
Evangelia Siachou
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Workplace Factors ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify workplace factors with an impact on lean performance (LP). This can lead to better LP outcomes, thus facilitating organizations to smoothly move from the conventional to lean management. Design/methodology/approach The direct effects of training, knowledge acquisition and organizational culture are empirically investigated using data from 126 managers employed at a global company, which recently has improved its LP. Study’s hypotheses were analyzed with hierarchical regression models. Findings The findings suggest that not all of the aforementioned workplace factors holistically affect LP. Only organizational culture is associated to the four LP variables (i.e. continuous improvement, waste, ergonomy and product quality). Training and knowledge acquisition offer partially effects on LP with training to contribute mostly to predicting continuous improvements. Knowledge acquisition alone, has significant yet negative impact on both continuous improvement and ergonomy. Even more, when training is combined with knowledge acquisition the results are different. Originality/value As this study highlights the impact of workplace practices on LP, attributes mainly importance to the distinct effects that each of the aforementioned factors has on the four distinct LP variables. Although the study results reflect a particular case, its recommendations could facilitate practitioners to achieve better lean outcomes.

Twenty-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed glaucoma: mortality and visual function

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 1663-1666
Author(s):  
Christopher King ◽  
Justin C Sherwin ◽  
Gokulan Ratnarajan ◽  
John F Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Two Stages

Background/aimsTo determine the mortality within 20 years of diagnosis of chronic open-angle glaucoma (COAG) and visual acuity and visual field progression of a cohort followed for 20 years.MethodsTwenty years following the diagnosis of COAG in 68 of 436 (16%) patients seen in a glaucoma case-finding clinic, visual and mortality outcomes were audited from medical records. Causes of death were obtained from general practitioner records and death certificates. Probability of death was calculated using a Kaplan-Meier survival curve. The visual field of each eye of survivors was graded using a nine-stage severity scale. Visual outcome was analysed at the 20-year follow-up visit.ResultsFrom 68, 14 (21%) were lost to follow-up. In the remaining 54, 20 (37%) were alive 20 years after diagnosis. Of 63% who died, mean age of death was 84 years, most commonly due to vascular disease. Mean age at presentation of those who died was 73.7 years versus 63.2 years for survivors (P=0.001). The median time to death was 16 years. On visual field analysis, nearly half (48.9%) of eyes did not deteriorate, but 28.3% eyes deteriorated by more than two stages. Those who died had worse final visual acuity than survivors (P<0.001). Three who died were registered severely visually impaired mainly from macular disease, but no survivors were registered (P<0.001).ConclusionIn this cohort, approximately two-thirds of patients with glaucoma died within 20 years of diagnosis. In most older patients with glaucoma, the overall goal of preventing visual handicap and blindness is achievable 20 years after diagnosis.

Factors Influencing Visual Outcome after Penetrating Keratoplasty Combined with Intraocular Lens Implantation

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.B. Jonas ◽  
R.M. Rank ◽  
W.M. Budde ◽  
G. Sauder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Penetrating Keratoplasty ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Intraocular Lens Implantation ◽  
Postoperative Visual Acuity ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Lens Implantation ◽  
Preoperative Visual Acuity

Purpose To establish which factors influence visual outcome after penetrating keratoplasty combined with intraocular lens implantation. Methods This retrospective noncomparative clinical interventional case series study included 135 consecutive patients (mean age 70.2 ± 13.6 years) who underwent central penetrating allogenic keratoplasty combined with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, all operated by the same surgeon. There were 79 triple procedures, 33 keratoplasties combined with an exchange of IOL, and 23 penetrating keratoplasties combined with a secondary implantation of a posterior chamber lens. Mean follow-up was 28.3 ± 18.7 months (range 3.3–112 months). Reasons for keratoplasty were herpetic or traumatic corneal scars or defects (46), Fuchs corneal endothelial dystrophy (22), pseudophakic or aphakic bullous keratopathy (49), corneal endothelial decompensation due to other reasons (15), and keratoconus (3). Main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity and gain in visual acuity. Results Mean postoperative visual acuity and mean gain in visual acuity were 0.33 ± 0.21 (median 0.30) and 0.25 ± 0.20 (median 0.20), respectively. Compared with the preoperative measurements, mean visual acuity increased in 129 patients (129/135, 95.6%). Factors influencing postoperative visual outcome and gain in visual acuity were preoperative visual acuity (p<0.005), reason for keratoplasty (p<0.005), and diameter of the graft (p = 0.046). Postoperative visual outcome was independent of age, sex, right or left eye, presence of diabetes mellitus, preoperative refractive error, length of follow-up, duration of surgery, and preoperative intraocular pressure. Conclusions The most important factors influencing visual outcome after central penetrating allogenic keratoplasty combined with IOL surgery are preoperative visual acuity, graft size, and reason for keratoplasty. Other factors such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and preoperative refractive error do not substantially influence postoperative visual outcome.

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