Bait Attraction of the Introduced Pest Ant, Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Galapagos Islands2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Williams ◽  
Patrick M. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Tuna Oil ◽  
Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽  
Introduced Pest ◽  
Bait Attraction

In laboratory studies with 14 food substances, peanut butter and honey were the most attractive substances to workers of the ant Wasmannia auropunctata. In tests with 6 oils, soybean oil (once refined) was the most attractive to the workers; however, it was not significantly more attractive than tuna oil and sunflower oil. A comparison of the attractiveness of the commercial fire ant baits Amdro (hydramethylnon) and Logic (fenoxycarb) with a peanut butter standard indicated that Amdro was not significantly different; however, Logic was significantly less attractive. Field bait acceptance studies of W. auropunctata were conducted in the Galapagos Islands with the following: the fire ant baits, Amdro and Logic; the Pharaoh's ant baits, Raid Max Ant Bait (N-ethyl Perfluorooctanesulfonamide) and Maxforce Pharoah Ant Killer (hydramethylnon); and lard, peanut butter, peanut butter oil, honey, and honey:water (1:1). Results indicated that the most attractive substance to workers was Amdro; however, it was not significantly different from peanut butter, lard or Raid Max Ant Bait.

Analysis of candlenut oil as oil adulterant in three functional oils of soybean oil, sunflower oil and grapeseed oil in quaternary mixture systems using FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
A.B. Riyanta ◽  
S. Riyanto ◽  
E. Lukitaningsih ◽  
A. Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Root Mean Square ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Grapeseed Oil ◽  
Quaternary Mixture

Soybean oil (SBO), sunflower oil (SFO) and grapeseed oil (GPO) contain high levels of unsaturated fats that are good for health and have proximity to candlenut oil. Candlenut oil (CNO) has a lower price and easier to get oil from that seeds than other seed oils, so it is used as adulteration for gains. Therefore, authentication is required to ensure the purity of oils by proper analysis. This research was aimed to highlight the FTIR spectroscopy application with multivariate calibration is a potential analysis for scanning the quaternary mixture of CNO, SBO, SFO and GPO. CNO quantification was performed using multivariate calibrations of principle component (PCR) regression and partial least (PLS) square to predict the model from the optimization FTIR spectra regions. The highest R2 and the lowest values of root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) were used as the basis for selection of multivariate calibrations created using several wavenumbers region of FTIR spectra. Wavenumbers regions of 4000-650 cm-1 from the second derivative FTIR-ATR spectra using PLS was used for quantitative analysis of CNO in quaternary mixture with SBO, SFO and GPO with R2 calibration = 0.9942 and 0.0239% for RMSEC value and 0.0495%. So, it can be concluded the use of FTIR spectra combination with PLS is accurate to detect quaternary mixtures of CNO, SBO, SFO and GPO with the highest R2 values and the lowest RMSEC and RMSEP values.

scholarly journals Heating of Plant Oils-Fatty Acid Reactions versus Tocopherols Degradation

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S185-S187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Réblová ◽  
D. Tichovská ◽  
M. Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Oil Sunflower ◽  
High Degradation Rate

Relationship between polymerised triacylglycerols formation and tocopherols degradation was studied during heating of four commercially accessible vegetable oils (rapeseed oil, classical sunflower oil, soybean oil and olive oil) on the heating plate with temperature 180°C. The content of polymerised triacylglycerols 6% (i.e. half of maximum acceptable content) was achieved after 5.3, 4.2, 4.1, and 2.6 hours of heating for olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, respectively, while decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved after 3.4, 1.6, 1.3, and 0.5 hours of heating for soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and olive oil, respectively. Because of the high degradation rate of tocopherols, decrease in content of total tocopherols to 50% of the original content was achieved at content of polymerised triacylglycerols 0.6%, 1.9%, 2.8% and 4.9% for olive oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil, respectively, i.e. markedly previous to the frying oil should be replaced.

Niche opportunity and ant invasion: the case of Wasmannia auropunctata in a New Caledonian rain forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Le Breton ◽  
Hervé Jourdan ◽  
Jean Chazeau ◽  
Jérôme Orivel ◽  
Alain Dejean
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Biotic Resistance ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ant Colonies ◽  
Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽  
Nesting Sites ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
Little Fire Ant

Due to the unbalanced distribution of their fauna and flora, which leads to the creation of a niche opportunities, it is generally accepted that island communities offer weak biotic resistance to biological invasion. In order to empirically test this statement, we compared resource use by ants in the understorey of an undisturbed New Caledonian rain forest recently invaded by the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata. We tested the exploitation of: (1) food sources by placing baits on all trees with trunks greater than 5 cm in diameter; and (2) nesting sites on two tree species likely to shelter ant colonies. In non-invaded areas, the native ants occupied only 44.6% of the baits after 2 h of exposure, while in invaded areas all the baits were occupied by numerous W. auropunctata workers. Similarly, in non-invaded areas only 48.9% of Meryta coriacea (Araliaceae) trees and 64.5% of Basselinia pancheri (Arecaceae) sheltered ants, while in invaded areas W. auropunctata nested in 92.6–98.3% of these trees. Also, workers attended native Margarodidae (Hemiptera) for which they promoted the development of populations significantly larger than those attended by native ants. Thus native ants appear unable to efficiently exploit and defend several of the available food sources and nesting sites, providing a niche opportunity for an invader like W. auropunctata.

Degradation in soybean oil, sunflower oil and partially hydrogenated fats after food frying, monitored by conventional and unconventional methods

Food Control ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1920-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Daniela Juárez ◽  
Cibele Cristina Osawa ◽  
María Elina Acuña ◽  
Norma Sammán ◽  
Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Partially Hydrogenated Fats ◽  
Oil Sunflower ◽  
Unconventional Methods

The little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata: a new invasive species in the Middle East and its impact on the local arthropod fauna

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Vonshak ◽  
Tamar Dayan ◽  
Armin Ionescu-Hirsh ◽  
Amnon Freidberg ◽  
Abraham Hefetz
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽  
Arthropod Fauna ◽  
Little Fire Ant

scholarly journals Lipid profile of Wistar rats fed normolipid diets with different fatty acid profiles / Perfil lipídico de ratos Wistar submetidos a dietas normolipídicas com diferentes perfis de ácidos graxos

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 121398-121411
Author(s):  
Thaís de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Edgar Willibaldo Allebrandt Neto ◽  
Wanessa Costa Silva Faria ◽  
Natalino Francisco da Silva ◽  
Josete Maria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adipose Tissues

The development of cardiovascular diseases is characterized by changes in the blood lipid profile, among other factors, which are closely related to the population's eating habits. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the effects of diets with different lipid sources on the lipid profile of Wistar rats. Forty male and adult rats were used, divided into 5 groups (control - 7% soybean oil, CA - 7% canola oil, CO - 7% coconut oil, SO - 7% sunflower oil and LD - 7% lard) and fed normolipidic diets for 30 days. The variables food consumption, weight gain, weight of organs and adipose tissues, blood glucose, lipid profile and cardiovascular risk indicators in the experimental groups were evaluated in the study. The results showed strong compatibility between the CA and control groups, which did not differ in all variables, however, divergences were identified for the other groups. The LD group consumed 11% more than the control group and together with the CO group, gained the least weight. For the variables weight of organs and adipose tissues, glycemia and cardiovascular risk indicators, no significant differences were observed. Among the lipid profile parameters, the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL of animals that consumed sunflower oil and lard were significantly reduced compared to those of animals that consumed soybean oil. For the LDL fraction, all groups were similar to the control group, except for the LD group, which had a 58% lower content. The effects observed in the CO, SO and LD groups seem to result from a deficiency of essential fatty acids, since the respective sources do not meet the requirements of these nutrients.

scholarly journals Effects of the Invasive Little Fire Ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) on Ant Community Composition on UF Campus

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Nielsen ◽  
Rachel Atchison ◽  
Andrea Lucky
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fire Ant ◽  
Invasive Ants ◽  
Ant Communities ◽  
Ant Community ◽  
Wasmannia Auropunctata ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University ◽  
Little Fire Ant ◽  
Litter Sampling

Invasive species are a serious threat to Florida’s native ecosystems and can have significant economic impacts. The invasive little fire ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) was first observed on the University of Florida’s campus in the Field and Fork Gardens in Summer 2018 and a targeted eradication of this population began in Fall 2018. This project aimed to compare ant community composition in invaded and uninvaded areas to better understand how ant invasions affect native ant communities. For comparison with Field and Fork Gardens invaded sites, four additional sites on UF’s campus were surveyed for ants through leaf litter sampling. Samples were sorted and all ants identified to the genus level; samples from invaded sites were identified to species. In samples from invaded sites, the community had lower species richness and a lower relative abundance of ant species compared to uninvaded communities. Determining how the invasion of the little fire ant affects ant communities is important as invasive ants do not fill the same ecosystem roles as native ants, such as seed dispersal and mutualist interactions. Data on community composition in uninvaded areas could be useful in efforts to restore a site after eradication has been achieved.

scholarly journals BAIT PREFERENCES BY DIFFERENT SMALL MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGES FOR EFFECTIVE CAGE-TRAPPING

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib ◽  
Siti Nabilah Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Butter Oil ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Capture Rates

The ecological study of small mammals often uses the cage-trapping method, installed with baits. Capture rates vary according to different baits used. We want to determine the bait preferences by different small mammal groups. The cage-trapping approach used common domestic bait types available, namely, aromatic banana, sweet potato with peanut butter, oil palm fruit, dried salted fish, jackfruit, and roasted coconut flesh. Sampling was conducted in three different habitat categories, namely urban, semi-urban, and recreational forests, located in Selangor, Malaysia, for one year. A total of 537 small mammals from 15 species were sampled, which was then grouped into seven groups (i.e., Rattus sp., Maxomys sp., Sundamys sp., Leopaldamys sabanus, Suncus murinus, squirrels, and Tupaia glis). Bait preferences were significantly different among the different small mammal groups, i.e., F (6,35) = 5.621, p = 0.000, with bananas shown to be most preferred bait, followed by oil palm fruits and sweet potatoes. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) analysis revealed that the Rattus species encompassed the most diverse bait preference, while S. murinus and L. sabanus were the most selective. Muridae preferred sweet potatoes with peanut butter over bananas, while Sciuridae and Tupaiidae preferred bananas, and Soricidae preferred dried salted fish. This study elucidates the most effective bait selection for different small mammal assemblages, serving as a guide to increase capture rates when sampling targeted population of small mammals. Apart from that, it is helpful for effective rodent pest control.

scholarly journals Study on Traditional Technology of Nepalese Fried Snack Woh

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Mani Adhikari ◽  
Karishma Dangol
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Oil Uptake ◽  
Traditional Technology ◽  
Fried Snack

Woh is a deep oil fried spongy Nepalese indigenous product. This work was done to find out the basics of woh and to prepare best from different formulations using unlike particle size and different frying media. Green gram and black gram in a ratio of 100:0, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30 were mixed and ground on stone grinder and mixer grinder for different particle sizes. Batter mixed with spices were whipped and deep fried in mustard, soybean and sunflower oil separately at 204 ± 2ºC for 2.5 ± 0.5 minutes. Woh with 60:40 combination having 103 μm particle size fried in soybean oil was found to be nutritious with less oil uptake and less anti nutritional factors.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfstn.v8i0.11747 J. Food Sci. Technol. Nepal, Vol. 8 (35-39), 2013

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