scholarly journals The antibiotic prophylaxis algorithm for open hand injuries in children. Experimental study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Ivanovich Gordienko ◽  
Semen Aleksandrovich Borisov ◽  
Natalya Aleksandrovna Tsap
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Tubular Bone ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis

Relevance. The rapid development of new technologies in surgery has opened up broad horizons for the implementation of complex surgical interventions. At the same time, the duration of operations was reduced, the invasiveness decreased, and broad operational approaches began to go into the past. However, the infectious process in the area of operative action remains an acute problem of surgery today. Infections of the surgical area (OSIW) are infections that develop within 30 days after surgery or within a year after installing the prosthesis (heart valves, blood vessels or joint).Aim. Develop an algorithm for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open tubular fractures based on experimental research.Methods. An experimental study was conducted on 60 adult guinea pigs, which created a model of an open femur fracture. All animals were divided into 3 groups depending on the timing of the introduction of antibacterial drugs. The degree of local manifestations was assessed according to the developed scale from 0 to 2 points, where 0 is the total absence of inflammatory manifestations, and 2 points is their maximum manifestation. The signs of inflammation were also evaluated in the general clinical blood test.Results. During the experiment it was revealed that the introduction of antibacterial drugs for open fractures of tubular bones is necessary for prophylactic purposes. An increase in the timing of the introduction of antibiotics to three days or more is not rational, since there are no significant differences compared with a shorter course of antibiotic prophylaxis. Conclusions. Experimental perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) on the model of an open fracture of the tubular bone indicated the possibility of introducing the PAP algorithm for open hand injuries in children.

scholarly journals Rational perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open damages of brush in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-428
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Gordienko ◽  
Natalya A. Tsap
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Tubular Bone ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Rational Algorithm

Introduction. Today, hand injuries are one of the most pressing and common problems in modern traumatology worldwide. Results obtained statistically indicate a fairly high frequency of hand injuries, including open ones. Often, an incorrect prescription of antibiotics in the form of unjustified antibiotic therapy in the absence of direct indications is done. Aim. This study aimed to develop a rational algorithm for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for open hand injuries in children based on experimental and clinical research. Materials and methods. The study was divided into two phases: experimental and clinical. The experiment was carried out on 60 sexually mature, outbred guinea pigs. During the experiment, the analysis of clinical signs of inflammation, complete blood count and biochemical blood analysis, spiral computed tomography, and morphological study of the consolidation zone were performed. The clinical part of the work is based on the analysis of surgical treatment results of 120 children with open hand injuries, which were divided into two groups: the main group that included 50 children receiving treatment according to the experimentally developed perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) algorithm, and the comparison group included 70 children receiving a perioperative course of antibiotics from 0 to 7 days, without a well-defined algorithm. Results. In the analysis of clinical results, laboratory, radiation, and morphological methods of studying the experimental material, the absence of antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures of small tubular bones with a 90% probability was found to entail pro-inflammatory complications in the area of postoperative wound; however, a one day short-term course of PAP will prevent complications and will not have statistically significant differences with a longer course of three days. Discussion. Results of a clinical study proved the effectiveness of the developed algorithm and showed better results in early and late postoperative period in comparison with the chaotic prescription of antibacterial drugs without a clear algorithm; however, no statistically significant differences in the level of postoperative complications were found. Conclusion. On the basis of an experimental model of an open fracture of the tubular bone, osteosynthesis and various courses of antibiotic prophylaxis has proven that a short-term course of PAP within 24 h is the most optimal one, and achieving minimal risks of inflammatory complications and better anatomical and functional outcomes in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Open Hand Injuries in Children

Doctor Ru ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Gordienko ◽  
◽  
N.A. Tsap ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Hand Injuries ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis

scholarly journals CLINICAL VICORISTAN DECASANU PID HOUR WINDOW OPERATION ON THE AUTHORITIES OF THE CERVENOE EMPTY

2020 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
V. V. Boyko ◽  
P. M. Zamyatin ◽  
S. O. Savvі ◽  
D. P. Zamyatin ◽  
N. M. Voskresenska
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Perioperative Period ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Suture Line ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Surgical Wounds

Summary. The article presents the data of local application of a 0.02 % decasan solution in patients with traditional «open» obviously clean planned surgical interventions on the gastrointestinal tract without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Objective: to provide intraoperative protection of traditional “open” clean planned surgical interventions and to achieve the prevention of purulent-inflammatory complications through local clinical use of decasan without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Materials and methods. The study involved 63 patients who were treated at the clinic of the State Institution «Institute of General and Emergency Surgery named after V. T. Zaitsev NAMS of Ukraine» and operated in a planned manner regarding umbilical and inguinal hernia. He performed the traditional «open» clean surgical interventions — hernioplasty. All patients participating in the study were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 29 (46.1 %) people who, for the purpose of intraoperative protection of the performed interventions, were locally irrigated with the cavity of the surgical wound and suture line with a solution of universal antiseptic decasan, 1 ml of which contains 0.2 mg of decamethoxin, without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The comparison group consisted of 34 (53.9 %) people who underwent antibiotic prophylaxis with parenteral administration of 1.0 g cefipime during the perioperative period. Results. When conducting a preliminary bacteriological study of smears performed intraoperatively in patients in the group with clinical use of decasan by soaking all the walls of the surgical wounds (initial data before treatment with the drug), the absence of pathological microflora growth was revealed. Conclusions. It is concluded that the local clinical use of decasan in patients with gastrointestinal tract pathology when performing “open” obviously clean planned surgical interventions fully ensures their adequate intraoperative protection without perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis.

The Synergy between CRISPR and Chemical Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-171
Author(s):  
Cia-Hin Lau ◽  
Chung Tin
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Viral Packaging ◽  
Conditional Control ◽  
Logic Operations

Gene therapy and transgenic research have advanced quickly in recent years due to the development of CRISPR technology. The rapid development of CRISPR technology has been largely benefited by chemical engineering. Firstly, chemical or synthetic substance enables spatiotemporal and conditional control of Cas9 or dCas9 activities. It prevents the leaky expression of CRISPR components, as well as minimizes toxicity and off-target effects. Multi-input logic operations and complex genetic circuits can also be implemented via multiplexed and orthogonal regulation of target genes. Secondly, rational chemical modifications to the sgRNA enhance gene editing efficiency and specificity by improving sgRNA stability and binding affinity to on-target genomic loci, and hence reducing off-target mismatches and systemic immunogenicity. Chemically-modified Cas9 mRNA is also more active and less immunogenic than the native mRNA. Thirdly, nonviral vehicles can circumvent the challenges associated with viral packaging and production through the delivery of Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex or large Cas9 expression plasmids. Multi-functional nanovectors enhance genome editing in vivo by overcoming multiple physiological barriers, enabling ligand-targeted cellular uptake, and blood-brain barrier crossing. Chemical engineering can also facilitate viral-based delivery by improving vector internalization, allowing tissue-specific transgene expression, and preventing inactivation of the viral vectors in vivo. This review aims to discuss how chemical engineering has helped improve existing CRISPR applications and enable new technologies for biomedical research. The usefulness, advantages, and molecular action for each chemical engineering approach are also highlighted.

Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Ureteroscopic Stone Removal

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Knopf ◽  
H.-J. Graff ◽  
H. Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Stone Removal

scholarly journals Metagenomics, gene discovery and the ideal biocatalyst

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Cowan ◽  
A. Arslanoglu ◽  
S.G. Burton ◽  
G.C. Baker ◽  
R.A. Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Gene Discovery ◽  
Metagenomic Library ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Enzyme Screening ◽  
Specific Amplification ◽  
The Ideal

With the rapid development of powerful protein evolution and enzyme-screening technologies, there is a growing belief that optimum conditions for biotransformation processes can be established without the constraints of the properties of the biocatalyst. These technologies can then be applied to find the ‘ideal biocatalyst’ for the process. In identifying the ideal biocatalyst, the processes of gene discovery and enzyme evolution play major roles. However, in order to expand the pool genes for in vitro evolution, new technologies, which circumvent the limitations of microbial culturability, must be applied. These technologies, which currently include metagenomic library screening, gene-specific amplification methods and even full metagenomic sequencing, provide access to a volume of ‘sequence space’ that is not addressed by traditional screening.

A standardized protocol for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with improvement of timing and reduction of costs

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Willemsen ◽  
R. van den Broek ◽  
T. Bijsterveldt ◽  
P. van Hattum ◽  
M. Winters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Standardized Protocol ◽  
Reduction Of Costs
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