scholarly journals The Role of Minocycline in Neuro-Cognitive Symptoms in the Episodes of Primary Psychosis: A Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ghoreishi ◽  
Saeed Granpy ◽  
Alireza Armani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

This study was conducted to compare the neurocognitive changes in an episode of primary psychosis in a group treated with minocycline and control. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with schizophrenia were randomized into two groups and underwent eight weeks of treatment with either minocycline (100 mg twice per day) or placebo in addition to routine treatment. Patients were evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8. General linear model repeated measures showed a significant effect for time treatment interaction on the scores of WAIS, PANSS, and WCST of patients in the minocycline group (P>0.05). Regardless of the type of intervention, there was a remarkable difference between the mean scores of WAIS, PANSS, and WCST measured on three stages. Minocycline seems to be a safe and effective adjuvant in the management of patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A Frontal Assault on the Generalized Nature of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Frontal Cognitive Dysfunction in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Piazzini A, Turner K, Vignoli A, Canger R, Canevini M P. Epilepsia 2008;49(4):657–662. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with JME, 40 patients with FLE, 40 patients with TLE, and 40 normal controls, all matched for age, education, and IQ, were administered tests to assess frontal functions (the Word Fluency Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]). All participants had a normal intelligence level based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and did not take medications other than antiepileptics (AEDs) or have a psychiatric history. RESULTS: Patients with JME had severe impairment in all administered tasks, similar to that of patients with FLE; TLE patients and controls followed in order. Multiple regression analysis did not disclose any significant effect of clinical variables on the cognitive deficits. DISCUSSION: These results clearly suggest that JME patients can show some frontal dysfunction, which may affect both epileptogenic features and cognitive processes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres em estado de dependência química

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Ramiro Freitas ◽  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim ◽  
Ana Paula Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Sorting Test

Introdução: O funcionamento executivo preservado para a manutenção de comportamentos adaptativos é condição necessária para obtenção de desfechos clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de sujeitos em dependência química. A confirmação da hipótese de disfunção executiva pode fornecer subsídios ao tratamento comportamental, do sujeito com dependência química. Objetivo: O estudo consistiu na realização de uma avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres dependentes químicas de cocaína ou crack. Método: A avaliação se deu através de anamnese/exame clínico, entrevistas e testes neuropsicológicos. Para a caracterização da amostra foi utilizado o Protocolo de Anamnese Neuropsicológica. A avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas consistiu da aplicação do Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Subteste Dígitos - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Blocos de Corsi, Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Test e o Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a fim de investigar oito componentes executivos, a saber: memória operacional, flexibilidade cognitiva, categorização, fluência verbal, atenção seletiva e alternada, rastreamento visuomotor e controle inibitório. Resultados: Os resultados permitiram concluir que mulheres com dependência química, pelo uso de cocaína e <em>crack,</em>apresentam disfunção executiva. Foram encontradas relações clinicamente significativas entre tempo de uso e déficits do funcionamento executivo, indicando que quanto maior o tempo de dependência, mais expressiva a disfunção executiva.<p><strong>Descritores:</strong><strong> </strong>Função Executiva; Neuropsicologia; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias.</p>

Executive function in cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Juncheng Guo ◽  
Xiangling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Background Cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder can lead to their noncompliant behaviors. However, less is known about the neurocognitive functioning of posttraumatic stress disorder in general cancer types or patient populations. The current study attempted to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and their relationships with executive function in individuals with cancer. Methods A total of 285 cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and 150 healthy individuals were recruited for the present study. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were administered to all participants. Results Significant differences in the score of Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were observed between the posttraumatic stress disorder group and the healthy control group ( p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between all posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and executive function. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals with cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit more severe impairment in executive function than healthy controls do.

Development of an Automated Performance Test System for Environmental and Behavioral Toxicology Studies

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 947-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Kennedy ◽  
R. L. Wilkes ◽  
W. P. Dunlap ◽  
L. A. Kuntz
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Metric Properties ◽  
Marker Test ◽  
Cross Correlations ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

In developing a menu of computerized performance tests for repeated-measures applications the metric properties of selected tests have been examined. Factors of chief concern have been stability and reliability, as well as the practical issue of the length of time it takes to achieve high levels of both. In this study, these factors, as well as predictive validity, are examined. 25 subjects were tested repeatedly (10 sessions) with 11 tests previously identified as “good” candidates for repeated-measures research in paper-and-pencil (marker test) versions. The 11 tests were administered concurrently in their traditional paper-and-pencil modes and newly implemented microcomputer-based versions, along with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). Nine of the 11 microcomputer-based tests achieved stability. Reliabilities were generally high, with r ≥ .77 for 3 min. of testing. Cross-correlations of microbased tests with traditional paper-and-pencil versions suggest equivalency between the test constructs in the different media. Correlations between six of the microbased subtests and the WAIS identified common variance, and these might comprise an efficient short (6 min.) battery of tests.

Relationships among Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Goodenough-Harris, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Tests with Institutionalized Retarded Adults

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. Wells ◽  
Duilio T. Pedrini
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Scale ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Performance Scale

Test data for 150 adult institutionalized retardates were subjected to a two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures (tests) on one factor. The matched male ( n = 32) and female ( n = 32) groups showed no sex differences but significant test differences. On the Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Man, the Woman Point scale mean IQs were lower than the Man Point scale means. The Point scale means were significantly lower than the Quality scale means for all three drawings (Man, Woman, Self). Correlations of the Goodenough-Harris IQs with WAIS and PPVT IQs were lower for women than for men. The Goodenough-Harris IQ scores correlated better with the WAIS Performance scale IQ than with the Verbal scale IQ. PPVT IQs tended to fall between the WAIS Verbal and Performance scale IQs but correlated better with the Verbal scale than with the Performance scale. The PPVT, a vocabulary measure, was a somewhat better over-all predictor of the WAIS IQ than the Goodenough-Harris drawings.

Neuropsychological Characteristics and Personality Traits in Pathological Gambling

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie T. Forbush ◽  
Martha Shaw ◽  
Margarita A. Graeber ◽  
Lauren Hovick ◽  
Vanessa J. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Pathological gambling disorder (PG) has been associated with fronto-temporal dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits, such as impulsivity and novelty seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive variance of neuropsychological and personality characteristics in PG.Methods:Persons with PG (n=25) and a comparison group (n=34) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Subjects with PG had evidence of fronto-temporal dysfunction as assessed by the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Letter-Number Sequencing, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Animal Naming Test.Results:Subjects with PG also had impaired decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. PG subjects had elevated levels of impulsivity, novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, and lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. Logistic regression analyses indicated that neuropsychological variables did not add significant incremental variance over personality traits in predicting PG (Block χ2=5.19, P=.074), while personality variables added significant incremental variance over neuropsychological traits in predicting PG (Block χ2=25.13, P<.001).Conclusion:These results suggest that personality traits are better predictors than neuropsychological characteristics of whether someone has PG.

scholarly journals IQ estimate smackdown: Comparing IQ proxy measures to the WAIS-III

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUTH SPINKS ◽  
LOWELL W. MCKIRGAN ◽  
STEPHAN ARNDT ◽  
KRISTIN CASPERS ◽  
REBECCA YUCUIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

AbstractBrief assessments of general cognitive ability are frequently needed by neuropsychologists, and many methods of estimating intelligence quotient (IQ) have been published. While these measures typically present overall correlations with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Full Scale IQ, it is tacitly acknowledged that these estimates are most accurate within 1 standard deviation of the mean and that accuracy diminishes moving toward the tails of the IQ distribution. However, little work has been done to systematically characterize proxy measures at the tails of the IQ distribution. Additionally, while these measures are all correlated with the WAIS, multiple proxy measures are rarely presented in one manuscript. The current article has two goals: (1) Examine various IQ proxies against Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) scores, showing the overall accuracy of each measure against the gold standard IQ measure. This comparison will assist in selecting the best proxy measure for particular clinical constraints. (2) The sample is then divided into three groups (below, average, and above-average ability), and each group is analyzed separately to characterize proxy performance at the tails of the IQ distribution. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance compares the different proxy measures across ability levels. All IQ estimates are represented in tables so that they can be examined side by side. (JINS, 2009, 15, 590–596.)

scholarly journals Influence of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and resilience on the cognition of individuals at-risk for psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin He ◽  
Célia Jantac Mam-Lam-Fook ◽  
Julie Chaignaud ◽  
Charlotte Danset-Alexandre ◽  
Anton Iftimovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Education

AbstractCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia which precedes the onset of full psychotic symptoms, even in the ultra-high-risk stage (UHR). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be computed for many psychiatric disorders and phenotyping traits, including scores for resilience. We explored the correlations between several PRS and neurocognition in UHR individuals. We included 107 UHR individuals; 29.9% of them converted to psychosis (UHR-C) while 57.0% did not (UHR-NC) during the 1-year follow-up. Cognitive performances were assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale estimating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), the Trail Making Test, the verbal fluency, the Stroop test, and the Wisconsin card sorting test. Linear regression models were used to test their association with the PRS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, ADHD, cross-disorders, cognitive performance, intelligence, education attainment, and resilience to schizophrenia. UHR-C had a lower IQ than UHR-NC. The PRS for schizophrenia negatively correlated with IQ, while the PRS for cognitive performance and for resilience positively correlated with IQ. PRS for schizophrenia showed a significant correlation with working memory and processing speed indices. PRS for schizophrenia showed a higher effect on IQ in UHR-NC, and UHR-NC with high PRS for schizophrenia had a similar IQ as UHR-C. Conversely, UHR-C with a high PRS for resilience performed as well as UHR-NC. Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits may predate the onset of psychosis. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia seems to impacts the cognition in UHR-NC. Cognition is also mediated by PRS for resilience.

Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Lepach ◽  
Wiebke Reimers ◽  
Franz Pauls ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Monika Daseking
Keyword(s):  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.

Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Daseking ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.

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