scholarly journals Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres em estado de dependência química

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Ramiro Freitas ◽  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim ◽  
Ana Paula Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Sorting Test

Introdução: O funcionamento executivo preservado para a manutenção de comportamentos adaptativos é condição necessária para obtenção de desfechos clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de sujeitos em dependência química. A confirmação da hipótese de disfunção executiva pode fornecer subsídios ao tratamento comportamental, do sujeito com dependência química. Objetivo: O estudo consistiu na realização de uma avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres dependentes químicas de cocaína ou crack. Método: A avaliação se deu através de anamnese/exame clínico, entrevistas e testes neuropsicológicos. Para a caracterização da amostra foi utilizado o Protocolo de Anamnese Neuropsicológica. A avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas consistiu da aplicação do Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Subteste Dígitos - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Blocos de Corsi, Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Test e o Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a fim de investigar oito componentes executivos, a saber: memória operacional, flexibilidade cognitiva, categorização, fluência verbal, atenção seletiva e alternada, rastreamento visuomotor e controle inibitório. Resultados: Os resultados permitiram concluir que mulheres com dependência química, pelo uso de cocaína e <em>crack,</em>apresentam disfunção executiva. Foram encontradas relações clinicamente significativas entre tempo de uso e déficits do funcionamento executivo, indicando que quanto maior o tempo de dependência, mais expressiva a disfunção executiva.<p><strong>Descritores:</strong><strong> </strong>Função Executiva; Neuropsicologia; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias.</p>

Cognitive Inflexibility and Pre-frontal Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and Mania

1990 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney Morice
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Frontal Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Inflexibility ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
And Control

The ability to shift cognitive set, which is probably subserved, at least in part, by the pre-frontal cortex, was determined for schizophrenic, bipolar (manic) and control subjects, using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). The schizophrenic and manic subjects both demonstrated poor performance on the WCST, suggesting that cognitive inflexibility and/or pre-frontal dysfunction, is not specific to schizophrenia (although laterality differences could exist). Moderate levels of poor performance in the non-psychiatric control group suggest the need for a review of the cut-off figures in the WCST currently used for predicting ‘brain damage’ and ‘focal frontal involvement‘, especially given the trend for the increasing use of cognitive assessment and rehabilitation in the major psychoses.

scholarly journals Detecção de simulação com o uso do wisconsin card sorting test e do trail making test

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Hugo Sousa ◽  
Manuel Machado ◽  
Jorge Quintas
Keyword(s):  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Neste trabalho, tentamos identificar índices de simulação na avaliação neuropsicológica forense, através da avaliação dos padrões de resposta em provas neuropsicológicas. A amostra foi constituída por 56 sujeitos com traumatismo crânioencefálico. Todos se encontravam numa situação de possível recompensa monetária por incapacidade. Utilizamos os instrumentos Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT), Inventário de Sintomas Psicopatológicos (BSI), e a grelha de análise dos autos do processo. Cerca de 30% da amostra enquadrou-se no grupo de prováveis simuladores. Essa porcentagem é congruente com a literatura. Verificou-se uma grande homogeneidade entre os indivíduos com e sem indicadores de simulação, a nível sintomatológico e características sócio-demográficas, o que reforça a necessidade de desenvolvimento de métodos eficazes na detecção da simulação.

A comparison of clustering solutions for cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD GOLDSTEIN ◽  
DANIEL N. ALLEN ◽  
BRENT E. SEATON
Keyword(s):  
Significant Degree ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Cognitive Heterogeneity ◽  
Cluster Analytic ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Sorting Test

A cluster analytic solution based upon a battery of tests consisting of the Halstead Category and Tactual Performance Tests, the Trail Making Test, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test was compared with a solution based on the subtests of the Wechsler intelligence scales, utilizing a sample of 221 schizophrenic patients. Both analyses permitted four-cluster solutions, and we found a weak but significant degree of association between solutions. Examination of external validity of the two solutions revealed stronger associations with clinical variables for the Wechsler-scale-based solution. The major conclusions were that the existence of cognitive heterogeneity in schizophrenia exists across a broad range of abilities, and appears to reflect a combination of continuity of ability level and existence of possible subtypes requiring further neuropsychological and neurobiological verification. (JINS, 1998, 4, 353–362.)

scholarly journals A Frontal Assault on the Generalized Nature of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Frontal Cognitive Dysfunction in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Piazzini A, Turner K, Vignoli A, Canger R, Canevini M P. Epilepsia 2008;49(4):657–662. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with JME, 40 patients with FLE, 40 patients with TLE, and 40 normal controls, all matched for age, education, and IQ, were administered tests to assess frontal functions (the Word Fluency Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]). All participants had a normal intelligence level based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and did not take medications other than antiepileptics (AEDs) or have a psychiatric history. RESULTS: Patients with JME had severe impairment in all administered tasks, similar to that of patients with FLE; TLE patients and controls followed in order. Multiple regression analysis did not disclose any significant effect of clinical variables on the cognitive deficits. DISCUSSION: These results clearly suggest that JME patients can show some frontal dysfunction, which may affect both epileptogenic features and cognitive processes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and Educational Profile of Children with Dyscalculia and Dyslexia: A Comparative Study

Psico-USF ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-659
Author(s):  
Magda Solange Vanzo Pestun ◽  
Rauni Jandé Roama-Alves ◽  
Sylvia Maria Ciasca
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Brazilian Children

Abstract This paper aims to compare the neuropsychological and educational profiles of Brazilian children with dyscalculia (n = 8), dyslexia (n = 13) and without learning disabilities (n = 12). The neuropsychological profile was composed of: (a) intelligence - assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III); (b) attention - WISC-III Coding and Symbol Search subtests; (c) executive functions - Digit Span (backward order) and WISC-III Arithmetic subtests, Pseudoword Repetition Test for Brazilian Children, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; (d) memory - WISC-III Digit Span subtest (forward order) and Rey Complex Figures. The educational profile was composed of reading, writing and mathematics, assessed by the Academic Performance Test and the Arithmetic Test. It was found that the groups with dyscalculia and dyslexia did not differentiate in any of the neuropsychological abilities, only in the reading and writing abilities. Neuropsychological variables that could explain these results were discussed.

scholarly journals Cognitive functions in first degree normative relative of patients with schozophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3211
Author(s):  
Falguni A. Chaudhari ◽  
Parag S. Shah ◽  
Ujjwala Deshpandey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Serial Addition ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
And Control

Background: Schizophrenia is severe disorders and imposes a considerable burden on patients, their families and society. Schizophrenia tends to run in family, like most mental disorder shows complex inheritance. Therefore, it is important to increase our knowledge about the disorder. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the core features of Schizophrenia. This study aims to compare the cognitive function of first degree unaffected relative of patient of schizophrenia and a group of healthy control.Methods: The study include 48 first degree normative relative of patient with Schizophrenia and 48 controls. Compared for age, sex, education level. Cognitive functions of each case and control were assessed using TMT (Trail making Test), Paced auditory serial addition Test (PASAT) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST-64).Results: First degree relative performed significantly poorly as compared to controls on Wisconsin card sorting Test-64 (WCST-64). No significant difference was observed in tests performances between first degree relative of Schizophrenia and control group for TMT (trail making test) and Paced auditory serial addition Test (PASAT).Conclusions: The study shows possibility of cognitive impairment in first degree normative relative of Schizophrenia with regards to parameters like poor performance in shifting cognitive sets and poor understanding of test. Nevertheless, it is not clear weather this finding is an enduring trait mark or finding that fluctuates with sample size, nature of case and control.

scholarly journals Differential executive functioning in the topology of Spirit possession or dissociative disorders: an explorative cultural study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Al-Adawi ◽  
Yahya Al-Kalbani ◽  
Sathiya Murthi Panchatcharam ◽  
Matlooba Ayoub Al-Zadjali ◽  
Sara S. Al-Adawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Spirit Possession ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Perseverative Error ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Abstract Background In Oman, anecdotal and impressionistic observation have helped parse and categorize various manifestations of spirit possession into two broad and distinct categories: intermittent dissociative phenomenon and transitory dissociative phenomenon. The primary aim of the present study was to compare the performance of participants on neuropsychological tests among different grades of possession. Other correlates were also sought. Methods Assessment criteria for the two groups included measures examining executive functioning: controlled oral word association test Verbal Fluency, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (Perseverative error and the number of categories achieved), Trail Making Test and the Tower of London Test (number of correctly solved problems). Sociodemographic variables and the history of trauma were also sought. Result Among 84 participants, one third of them presented the intermittent possession type and two thirds, the transitory possession type. Their mean age was 34.17 ± 11.82 and 56% of them were female. Nearly 35% of them endorsed a history of a traumatic experience. Both the multivariate models showed statistical significance (F (5, 78) = 5.57, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.22), F (5, 78) = 11.38, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.39) with an independent predictor of intermittent dissociative phenomenon (β = − 3.408, p < 0.001), (β = 63.88, p < 0.001) for Verbal Fluency and Trail Making Test, respectively. The history of the traumatic event was also statistically significant with the results of the Trail Making Test (β = − 26.01, p < 0.041. Furthermore, the subtype of Pathogenic Possession turned out to be an independent predictor across all models: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test perseverative error, Wisconsin card sorting test categories achieved and the number of problems solved in the Tower of London Test (OR = 3.70, 95% C.I. 2.97–4.61; p < 0.001), (OR = 0.57, 95% C.I.0.39–0.84; p = 0.004) and (OR = 0.80, 95% C.I. 0.65–0.99; p < 0.037) respectively. Conclusions This study suggests that typology of spirit possession found in Oman tends to differ on indices of executive function. Those with ‘diagnosis’ of intermittent possession showed impairment in many indices of executive functioning. Despite its wide prevalence, spirit possession has not been examined in terms of its neuropsychological functioning. We believe that this study will be instrumental in laying the groundwork for a more robust methodology.

Executive function in cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Juncheng Guo ◽  
Xiangling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Background Cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder can lead to their noncompliant behaviors. However, less is known about the neurocognitive functioning of posttraumatic stress disorder in general cancer types or patient populations. The current study attempted to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and their relationships with executive function in individuals with cancer. Methods A total of 285 cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and 150 healthy individuals were recruited for the present study. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were administered to all participants. Results Significant differences in the score of Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were observed between the posttraumatic stress disorder group and the healthy control group ( p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between all posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and executive function. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals with cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit more severe impairment in executive function than healthy controls do.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document