scholarly journals Influence of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia and resilience on the cognition of individuals at-risk for psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin He ◽  
Célia Jantac Mam-Lam-Fook ◽  
Julie Chaignaud ◽  
Charlotte Danset-Alexandre ◽  
Anton Iftimovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Education

AbstractCognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia which precedes the onset of full psychotic symptoms, even in the ultra-high-risk stage (UHR). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) can be computed for many psychiatric disorders and phenotyping traits, including scores for resilience. We explored the correlations between several PRS and neurocognition in UHR individuals. We included 107 UHR individuals; 29.9% of them converted to psychosis (UHR-C) while 57.0% did not (UHR-NC) during the 1-year follow-up. Cognitive performances were assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale estimating the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), the Trail Making Test, the verbal fluency, the Stroop test, and the Wisconsin card sorting test. Linear regression models were used to test their association with the PRS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, ADHD, cross-disorders, cognitive performance, intelligence, education attainment, and resilience to schizophrenia. UHR-C had a lower IQ than UHR-NC. The PRS for schizophrenia negatively correlated with IQ, while the PRS for cognitive performance and for resilience positively correlated with IQ. PRS for schizophrenia showed a significant correlation with working memory and processing speed indices. PRS for schizophrenia showed a higher effect on IQ in UHR-NC, and UHR-NC with high PRS for schizophrenia had a similar IQ as UHR-C. Conversely, UHR-C with a high PRS for resilience performed as well as UHR-NC. Our findings suggest that cognitive deficits may predate the onset of psychosis. The genetic architecture of schizophrenia seems to impacts the cognition in UHR-NC. Cognition is also mediated by PRS for resilience.

scholarly journals A Frontal Assault on the Generalized Nature of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan B. Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Myoclonic Epilepsy ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Word Fluency ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Frontal Cognitive Dysfunction in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Piazzini A, Turner K, Vignoli A, Canger R, Canevini M P. Epilepsia 2008;49(4):657–662. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls. METHODS: A total of 50 patients with JME, 40 patients with FLE, 40 patients with TLE, and 40 normal controls, all matched for age, education, and IQ, were administered tests to assess frontal functions (the Word Fluency Test and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test [WCST]). All participants had a normal intelligence level based on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and did not take medications other than antiepileptics (AEDs) or have a psychiatric history. RESULTS: Patients with JME had severe impairment in all administered tasks, similar to that of patients with FLE; TLE patients and controls followed in order. Multiple regression analysis did not disclose any significant effect of clinical variables on the cognitive deficits. DISCUSSION: These results clearly suggest that JME patients can show some frontal dysfunction, which may affect both epileptogenic features and cognitive processes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres em estado de dependência química

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson Ramiro Freitas ◽  
Rui Mateus Joaquim ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Merighi Tabaquim ◽  
Ana Paula Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Trail Making ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Sorting Test

Introdução: O funcionamento executivo preservado para a manutenção de comportamentos adaptativos é condição necessária para obtenção de desfechos clínicos favoráveis no tratamento de sujeitos em dependência química. A confirmação da hipótese de disfunção executiva pode fornecer subsídios ao tratamento comportamental, do sujeito com dependência química. Objetivo: O estudo consistiu na realização de uma avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas de mulheres dependentes químicas de cocaína ou crack. Método: A avaliação se deu através de anamnese/exame clínico, entrevistas e testes neuropsicológicos. Para a caracterização da amostra foi utilizado o Protocolo de Anamnese Neuropsicológica. A avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas consistiu da aplicação do Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Subteste Dígitos - Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III), Blocos de Corsi, Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Test e o Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a fim de investigar oito componentes executivos, a saber: memória operacional, flexibilidade cognitiva, categorização, fluência verbal, atenção seletiva e alternada, rastreamento visuomotor e controle inibitório. Resultados: Os resultados permitiram concluir que mulheres com dependência química, pelo uso de cocaína e <em>crack,</em>apresentam disfunção executiva. Foram encontradas relações clinicamente significativas entre tempo de uso e déficits do funcionamento executivo, indicando que quanto maior o tempo de dependência, mais expressiva a disfunção executiva.<p><strong>Descritores:</strong><strong> </strong>Função Executiva; Neuropsicologia; Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias.</p>

Executive function in cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yang ◽  
Juncheng Guo ◽  
Xiangling Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Background Cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder can lead to their noncompliant behaviors. However, less is known about the neurocognitive functioning of posttraumatic stress disorder in general cancer types or patient populations. The current study attempted to examine the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder and their relationships with executive function in individuals with cancer. Methods A total of 285 cancer patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and 150 healthy individuals were recruited for the present study. The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale, Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were administered to all participants. Results Significant differences in the score of Tower of Hanoi, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Chinese revision were observed between the posttraumatic stress disorder group and the healthy control group ( p < 0.001). Significant correlations were found between all posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and executive function. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals with cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder exhibit more severe impairment in executive function than healthy controls do.

scholarly journals The Role of Minocycline in Neuro-Cognitive Symptoms in the Episodes of Primary Psychosis: A Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Ghoreishi ◽  
Saeed Granpy ◽  
Alireza Armani
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

This study was conducted to compare the neurocognitive changes in an episode of primary psychosis in a group treated with minocycline and control. In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 40 patients with schizophrenia were randomized into two groups and underwent eight weeks of treatment with either minocycline (100 mg twice per day) or placebo in addition to routine treatment. Patients were evaluated using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8. General linear model repeated measures showed a significant effect for time treatment interaction on the scores of WAIS, PANSS, and WCST of patients in the minocycline group (P>0.05). Regardless of the type of intervention, there was a remarkable difference between the mean scores of WAIS, PANSS, and WCST measured on three stages. Minocycline seems to be a safe and effective adjuvant in the management of patients with schizophrenia.

Neuropsychological Characteristics and Personality Traits in Pathological Gambling

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsie T. Forbush ◽  
Martha Shaw ◽  
Margarita A. Graeber ◽  
Lauren Hovick ◽  
Vanessa J. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Neuropsychological Characteristics

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Pathological gambling disorder (PG) has been associated with fronto-temporal dysfunction and maladaptive personality traits, such as impulsivity and novelty seeking. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive variance of neuropsychological and personality characteristics in PG.Methods:Persons with PG (n=25) and a comparison group (n=34) were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Subjects with PG had evidence of fronto-temporal dysfunction as assessed by the Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Letter-Number Sequencing, Controlled Oral Word Association Test, and Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination Animal Naming Test.Results:Subjects with PG also had impaired decision making on the Iowa Gambling Task. PG subjects had elevated levels of impulsivity, novelty seeking, and harm avoidance, and lower levels of self-directedness and cooperativeness. Logistic regression analyses indicated that neuropsychological variables did not add significant incremental variance over personality traits in predicting PG (Block χ2=5.19, P=.074), while personality variables added significant incremental variance over neuropsychological traits in predicting PG (Block χ2=25.13, P<.001).Conclusion:These results suggest that personality traits are better predictors than neuropsychological characteristics of whether someone has PG.

Antiserotonergic antipsychotics are associated with obsessive–compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2373 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schirmbeck ◽  
C. Esslinger ◽  
F. Rausch ◽  
S. Englisch ◽  
A. Meyer-Lindenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Group I

BackgroundEpidemiological investigations show that up to 30% of schizophrenic patients suffer from obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) associated with negative impact on the general prognosis. It has been proposed that antiserotonergic second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) might induce OCS, but investigations of large samples integrating psychopathology, neuropsychology and psychopharmacology are missing.MethodWe stratified 70 patients with schizophrenia according to their mode of antipsychotic treatment: clozapine and olanzapine (group I) compared with aripiprazole and amisulpride (group II). The groups were matched according to age, sex, educational levels and severity of the psychotic disorder (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). As the primary endpoint, we evaluated OCS severity (Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale).ResultsOCS were significantly more prevalent and severe in group I, in which OCS severity correlated with dosage of clozapine and duration of treatment. Pronounced cognitive deficits in group I were found in visuospatial perception and visual memory (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised block design, Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test), impulse inhibition (go/no-go test), higher perseveration scores (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and reduced set-shift abilities (Trail Making Test Part B, Set-shift Task). These cognitive domains correlated with OCS severity.ConclusionsOCS in schizophrenia are associated with antiserotonergic SGA treatment, but longitudinal studies have to prove causality. Before starting treatment with antiserotonergic SGAs, specific neurocognitive domains should be evaluated, as visuospatial learning and impulse inhibition performance might allow early detection of OCS secondary to antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia.

Prediction of Vocational Rehabilitation Outcome in Schizophrenia: Incremental Prognostic Validity of Learning Potential Beyond Basic Cognitive Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Watzke ◽  
Peter Brieger ◽  
Karl H. Wiedl
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Rehabilitation Outcome ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Work Capability

This article examines learning potential as a predictor of the success of a vocational rehabilitation program for patients with severe mental illness in Germany. Forty-one schizophrenia patients completed a pretest–training–posttest version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test as a measure of learning potential. Pretest scores indicated basic cognitive performance, and posttest scores indicated individual learning potential. Rehabilitation outcome was assessed using measures for work capability during the rehabilitation program and the level of vocational integration at 3-month follow-up. Individual learning potential was a better predictor of work capability and the level of vocational reintegration than basic cognitive performance. Our study demonstrates that learning potential is an informative predictor for rehabilitation outcome and adds information beyond basic cognitive performance.

The use of Polygenic Risk Scores to Inform Aetiology of Mood and Psychotic Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S166-S166
Author(s):  
J. Harrison ◽  
S. Mistry
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Genetic Overlap ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPolygenic risk scores (PRS) incorporate many small genetic markers that are associated with conditions. This technique was first used to investigate mental illnesses in 2009. Since then, it has been widely used.ObjectivesWe wanted to explore how PRS have been used to the study the aetiology of psychosis, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.AimsWe aimed to conduct a systematic review, identifying studies that have examined associations between PRS for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia/psychosis and depression and psychopathology-related outcome measures.MethodsWe searched EMBASE, Medline and PsychInfo from 06/08/2009 to 14/03/2016. We hand-searched the reference lists of related papers.ResultsAfter removing duplicates, the search yielded 1043 publications. When irrelevant articles were excluded, 33 articles remained. We found 24 studies using schizophrenia PRS, three using bipolar PRS and nine using depression PRS. Many studies successfully used PRS to predict case/control status. Some studies showed associations between PRS and diagnostic sub-categories. A range of clinical phenotypes and symptoms has been explored. For example, specific PRS are associated with cognitive performance in schizophrenia, psychotic symptoms in bipolar disorder, and frequency of episodes of depression. PRS have also demonstrated genetic overlap between mental illnesses. It was difficult to assess the quality of some studies as not all reported sufficient methodological detail.ConclusionsPRS have enabled us to explore the polygenic architecture of mental illness and demonstrate a genetic basis for some observed features. However, they have yet to give insights into the biology, which underpin mental illnesses.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SÁNCHEZ-CUBILLO ◽  
J.A. PERIÁÑEZ ◽  
D. ADROVER-ROIG ◽  
J.M. RODRÍGUEZ-SÁNCHEZ ◽  
M. RÍOS-LAGO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Trail Making Test ◽  
Interference Control ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Memory Inhibition ◽  
Trail Making

AbstractThe aim of this study was to clarify which cognitive mechanisms underlie Trail Making Test (TMT) direct and derived scores. A comprehensive review of the literature on the topic was carried out to clarify which cognitive factors had been related to TMT performance. Following the review, we explored the relative contribution from working memory, inhibition/interference control, task-switching ability, and visuomotor speed to TMT performance. Forty-one healthy old subjects participated in the study and performed a battery of neuropsychological tests including the TMT, the Digit Symbol subtest [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (Third Version) (WAIS-III)], a Finger Tapping Test, the Digits Forward and Backward subtests (WAIS-III), Stroop Test, and a task-switching paradigm inspired in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Correlation and regression analyses were used in order to clarify the joint and unique contributions from different cognitive factors to the prediction of TMT scores. The results suggest that TMT-A requires mainly visuoperceptual abilities, TMT-B reflects primarily working memory and secondarily task-switching ability, while B-A minimizes visuoperceptual and working memory demands, providing a relatively pure indicator of executive control abilities. (JINS, 2009, 15, 438–450.)

scholarly journals The effect of duration of dependence and daily dose of tramadol in tramadol dependent patients on cognitive performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Eddin Khalifa Ahmad ◽  
Alaa Eldin Mohamed Darweesh ◽  
Shehab Hassan Mahmoud Hassaan ◽  
Mostafa Nooman ◽  
Islam Shaaban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
State Examination

Abstract Background Tramadol dependence represents a major medical and legal hazardous phenomenon in the last decade. It is a synthetic opiate analgesic which exerts its therapeutic effect by its action on μ opioid receptors. It has a weak dependence ability. The present study investigated the effect of duration of dependence and daily dose of tramadol on cognitive performance. Cognitive functions were assessed using the following: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (BVMT-R), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III), the P300 (ERP), and conventional electroencephalogram. Results There was a non-significant negative correlation between the daily dose of tramadol and cognitive performance as regards IQ, Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA score, P300 reaction time (μs), and deterioration index (r = − 0.08, P = 0.689; r = − 0.02, P = 0.896; r = − 0.11, P = 0.554; r = − 0.11, P = 0.581, r = − 0.17; P = 0.368, respectively). Additionally, the results showed non-significant negative correlation between the duration of dependence and the cognitive performance (r = − 0.19, P = 0.325; r = − 0.15, P = 0.424; r = − 0.30, P = 0.108; r = − 0.02, P = 0.909; r = − 0.02, P = 0.937, respectively). Conclusion Daily dose and duration of tramadol dependence have a negative but non-significant effect on cognitive performance.

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