Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Suspected Patients Referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh and Khatam, Yazd Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ahmadi ◽  
Gilda Eslami ◽  
Mahmoud Vakili ◽  
Kazem Barzegar ◽  
Ali Fattahi Bafghi
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Smear Microscopy ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Travel History ◽  
The Status ◽  
Significant Health

Background and Aims: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a significant health problem in many parts of Iran. Management of the disease and its treatment is a global dilemma. In this study, the status and the proportions of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis induced by Leishmania major and tropica among suspected patients referred to the Health Centers of Abarkouh, Ardakan, Bafgh, and Khatam cities, Yazd Province, Iran were investigated. Materials and Methods: The lesion was diagnosed using direct smear microscopy and conventional polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 90 samples were prepared of which 64 (71.1%)  were male and 26 (27.9%) were female. Also, 30 (33.3%) samples came  from Ardakan, 29 (32.2%) samples  from Bafgh, 21 (23.3%) samples from Abarkouh, and 10 (11.1%) samples  from Khatam city. Ninety samples with 112 lesions were recruited and parasitologically examined. The results showed that, in macroscopic examination, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major = 52 (M=35, 67.3%, F=17, 32.7%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =4 (M=2, 50.0%, F=2, 50.0%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =33 (36.4%). Basides, in microscopic method, 90 of the patients had 59 lesions: patients with lesion(s) induced by Leishmania major =44 (M=29, 65.9%, F=15, 34.09%), lesion(s) induced by Leishmania tropica =9 (M=8, 88.8%, F=1, 11.2%), and lesion(s) induced by false positive =37 (M=28, 75.7%, F=9, 24.3%).  Conclusion: Although travel history to an endemic area is important for diagnosis, parasitological confirmation is necessary to initiate treatment.

Leishmanicidal Activity of Plant Extracts from Sefrou, a Moroccan Focus of Leishmaniasis, against Various Leishmania Parasites in the Promastigote Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Zeouk ◽  
A. Et-Touys ◽  
M. Balouiri ◽  
H. Fellah ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Cistus Salviifolius

According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis remains a major worldwide public health problem. The province of Sefrou located in the center of Morocco is a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The present study aims at evaluating the antileishmanial potential of Berberis sp.,Crataegus oxyacantha, Cistus salviifolius, Ephedra altissima and Lavandula dentatafrequently used by the local population. Methanolic extracts were tested against the promastigote form ofLeishmania tropica, Leishmania majorandLeishmania infantumusing tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay. The total phenol and flavonoids content of all extracts were determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and potassium acetate solutions respectively. The plant extracts exhibited antileishmanial activity with variability depending on the tested strain and the plant species compared to Glucantime® used as control (IC50 (the half maximal inhibitory concentration) > 1,000 μg/mL). The best inhibition was observed with Berberis sp., againstLeishmania major(IC50 = 394.40 ± 3.02 μg/ml), andEphedra altissima(reported for the first time) againstLeishmania infantum(IC50 = 490.84 ± 3.15 μg/mL).Leishmania tropicahas shown the same sensitivity behavior toward the five extracts (in average IC50 = 540 ± 11.20 μg/mL). The total phenolic content was higher forCrataegus oxyacanthaandCistus salviifolius(140.67 ± 3.17 μg eq Gallic Acid (GA)/ mg of Extract (E) and 133.83 ± 9.03 μg eq GA/mg of E respectively), while flavonoid was higher forCistus salviifoliusandLavandula dentata(57.92 ± 2.46 μg eq Quercetin (Que)/ mg of Extract (E) and 41.53 ± 1.74 μg eq Que/mg of E). All the tested extracts present some promising aspects that may cure cutaneous leishmaniasis in the center of Morocco; further bioguided assays are needed to isolate the fractions and the bioactive molecule.

scholarly journals EAPB0503: an imiquimod analog with potent in vitro activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2112
Author(s):  
Rana El Hajj ◽  
Hanady Bou Youness ◽  
Laurence Lachaud ◽  
Patrick Bastien ◽  
Carine Masquefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
In Vitro Activity

Inhibition by Dications of In Vitro Growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: Causative Agents of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa C. Rosypal ◽  
Karl A. Werbovetz ◽  
Manar Salem ◽  
Chad E. Stephens ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Old World ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals EAPB0503: An Imiquimod analog with potent in vitro activity against cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0006854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana El Hajj ◽  
Hanady Bou Youness ◽  
Laurence Lachaud ◽  
Patrick Bastien ◽  
Carine Masquefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
In Vitro Activity

Inhibition by Dications of In Vitro Growth of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica: Causative Agents of Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa C. Rosypal ◽  
Karl A. Werbovetz ◽  
Manar Salem ◽  
Chad E. Stephens ◽  
Arvind Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Old World ◽  
Causative Agents

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magda A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Wild Canids ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry, the role of each species of Leishmania in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is not clear. Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infects humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia), 311 stray dogs and 27 human patients, suspected for Leishmania, were examined for CL by a nested PCR (nPCR).Results: Nested PCR (nPCR) detected seven patients (25.9%) positive for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Five patients from Riyadh were infected by L. major and two from Al-Qassim by L. tropica. In addition, five dogs (1.6%) were infected by L. tropica. Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canids infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major from stray dogs and patients in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Abdulazi S Alouffi S Alouffi ◽  
Mohamed S Alyousif S Alyousif ◽  
Abdulsadah A Rahi ◽  
Magada A Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background: Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica cause cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in several parts of the world, with a large number of cases recorded in the Middle East. However, when occurring in sympatry in the same area, the role of each species in the epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis is not clear.Methods: To determine the prevalence and to identify the species of Leishmania that infect humans and stray dogs in Riyadh and Al-Qaseem (Saudi Arabia), blood samples were collected from stray dogs (n = 311) and human patients (n = 27). A conventional PCR coupled with a nested PCR (n PCR) were applied in this study.Results: A conventional PCR coupled with a nested PCR (n PCR) showed that seven patients (25.9%) from Riyadh city and Al-Qaseem province were infected by L. major and L. tropica and five dogs (1.6%) by L. tropica.Conclusions: This is one of the first molecular studies of leishmaniasis from Saudi Arabia. The relationship between the sand fly vectors and the reservoirs of both Leishmania spp. is still scarcely known in this region, and further epidemiological investigations of domestic and wild canine infected with L. major and L. tropica are needed towards a control and prevention of the infection in canine and human populations.

scholarly journals Association of Phlebotomus guggisbergi with Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in a complex transmission setting for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Gilgil, Nakuru county, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. e0007712
Author(s):  
Barrack O. Owino ◽  
Damaris Matoke-Muhia ◽  
Yasser Alraey ◽  
Jackline Milkah Mwangi ◽  
Johnstone M. Ingonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Transmission Setting ◽  
Complex Transmission

scholarly journals Use of Oral Miltefosine for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Canadian Soldiers Returning from Afghanistan

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 394-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Keynan ◽  
Oscar E Larios ◽  
Marni C Wiseman ◽  
Marie Plourde ◽  
Marc Ouellette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Leishmania Tropica ◽  
Old World ◽  
Fluconazole Therapy

Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused byLeishmania majorandLeishmania tropica,and is endemic to several Asian and Middle-Eastern countries where the rates of infection can be substantial. CL is one of the most common vector-transmitted parasitic infections in Afghanistan. Six cases of CL in Canadian soldiers returning from Afghanistan are reported in the present study. Their lesions did not improve with fluconazole therapy, and the organism demonstrated in vitro resistance. Oral miltefosine seemed effective.

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