A New Self-Reported Assessment Measure for COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in Iran: A Web-Based Study

Background: Given the epidemic of Corona disease and its associated anxiety, it is necessary to develop a tool to measure anxiety. This study was conducted to instruct Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) to measure the level of anxiety, during the prevalence of the COVID-19 in Iran. Methods: The present study was considered as applied research in terms of purpose and descriptivecorrelational research in terms of methodological. 318 individuals (aged from 18 to 60 years old) completed the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) online. Results: Corona Disease Anxiety Scale had a good internal consistency (α=0.91) and good convergent validity, correlating with the GHQ-28 (r=0.49, P>0.01). Exploratory analysis revealed psychological and physical factors. These 2 factor account for 51% of the total variance and 9 items were loaded on every factor. Conclusion: This scale is reliable and valid scale for measuring Corona anxiety in non-clinical Iranian population.

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A Factor Analytic Study of the 60-Item General Health Questionnaire in Australian Community and General Practice Settings

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.3109/00048678409161299 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 256-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. W. Burvill ◽

M. W. Knuiman ◽

R. A. Finlay-Jones

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

General Health ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Analytic Study ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Positive Finding ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Factor Analytic ◽

Factor Analytic Study ◽

Significant Difference

A factor analytic study of responses to a 60-item General Health Questionnaire of people in general practice and in the community in Perth, Western Australia, was performed. Five identified factors, accounting for 46% of the variance, were very similar to factors identified in an English general practice study but differed from two published Australian studies. The statistic of a relative GHQ profile was generated to compare these factors in various sets of data. There was no significant difference between the relative GHQ profile in the community and general practice data or between demographic factors such as sex, social class and country of birth. The major positive finding was of an excess of overtly psychological factors in ‘cases’ compared with an excess of more physical factors in ‘non-cases’.

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Screening for psychiatric illness in patients with oral dysesthesia by means of the General Health Questionnaire-twenty-eight item version (GHQ-28) and the Irritability, Depression and Anxiety Scale (IDA)

Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology ◽

10.1016/0030-4220(89)90378-2 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 384-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

C. Zilli ◽

R.I. Brooke ◽

C.L. Lau ◽

H. Merskey

Keyword(s):

General Health ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Anxiety Scale ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Health Questionnaire

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Internal Reliability and Convergent Validity of the Depression-Happiness Scale with the General Health Questionnaire in an Employed Adult Sample

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1995.76.1.137 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 137-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Julie Walsh ◽

Stephen Joseph ◽

Christopher Alan Lewis

Keyword(s):

General Health ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Internal Reliability ◽

Working Adults ◽

Adult Sample

The aim of this study was to investigate the internal reliability and convergent validity of the 1993 McGreal and Joseph Depression-Happiness Scale. Internal reliability was satisfactory and higher scores on the scale were associated with lower scores of 60 working adults on the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams.

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Psychometric Properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in Ecuadorian College Students

Psihologijske teme ◽

10.31820/pt.30.3.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 573-590

Author(s):

Rodrigo Moreta-Herrera ◽

Daniela Bonilla ◽

Erika Ruperti-Lucero ◽

Daniel Gavilanes-Gómez ◽

Joselyn Zambrano-Estrella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

General Health ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Bifactor Model ◽

Least Square ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Mean And Variance

Objective: To analyse the internal structure of the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), as well as its reliability and validity in relation to other variables in a sample of Ecuadorian university students. Method: Instrumental design with confirmatory factor analysis using weighted least square mean and variance adjusted (WLSMV) estimator, reliability and convergence and discrimination validity of the GHQ-28. Sample: 495 students (56.6% women), between 18 to 35 years old (M = 24.1 years; SD = 2.1), from three universities (59.6% public) in Ecuador. Results: The bifactor model of the GHQ-28 test has an adequate fit with χ2 = 357.81; p > .05; df = 322; χ2/df = 1.11; CFI = .991; TLI = .989; SRMR = .059; RMSEA = .015 [.000 – .023]; ωH = .93; ECV = .90; PUC = .78. The GHQ-28 is reliable and in terms of convergent validity, it correlates significantly and negatively with mental health, assessed by MHC-SF, and it is discriminant between risk and non-risk cases. Conclusion: The GHQ-28 bifactor model is replicable in Ecuadorian college students.

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Factor Structure and Validation of the 12-Item Korean Version of the General Health Questionnaire in a Sample of Early Childhood Teachers

Education Sciences ◽

10.3390/educsci11050243 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 243

Author(s):

Boram Lee ◽

Yang-Eun Kim

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

General Health ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Early Childhood Teachers ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Korean Version

The 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) is designed to detect a diagnosable psychiatric disorder and has demonstrated positive psychometric properties in adult populations. Despite these findings, the psychometric properties of the GHQ-12 have hardly been examined with regard to early childhood teachers. This study purposed to examine the factor structure of the GHQ-12 and to assess its psychometric properties vis-à-vis a sample of Korean early childhood teachers. An aggregate of 252 participants completed the Korean version of the GHQ-12 in tandem with other psychiatric measures, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The resulting data were subjected to confirmatory factor analyses to compare the goodness-of-fit of the previously proposed models of the GHQ-12. The three-factor model comprising anhedonia/sleep disturbance, social performance and loss of confidence was found by the goodness-of-fit indices to excellently fit our study sample. The average variance extracted and all factor loadings exceeded the recommended threshold of 0.50; hence, convergent validity was established. The criterion posited by Fornell and Larcker verified the discriminant validity. The instrument evidenced superior reliability evinced by its adequate internal consistency and composite reliability. This evidence allows the assertion that the GHQ-12 may be deployed as a screening tool for the evaluation of general symptoms of psychiatric disorders in Korean early childhood teachers.

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The general health questionnaire as a measure of emotional wellbeing in pregnant women

The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice ◽

10.1108/jmhtep-05-2019-0028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 447-456

Author(s):

Yvonne Kuipers ◽

Julie Jomeen ◽

Tinne Dilles ◽

Bart Van Rompaey

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

External Validity ◽

General Health ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Emotional Wellbeing ◽

Operating Characteristics ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to measure reliability, validity and accuracy of the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) as a measure of emotional wellbeing in pregnant women; utility and threshold in particular. Design/methodology/approach The authors measured self-reported emotional wellbeing responses of 164 low-risk pregnant Dutch women with the GHQ-12 and a dichotomous case-finding item (Gold standard). The authors established internal consistency of the 12 GHQ-items (Cronbach’s coefficient α); construct validity: factor analysis using Oblimin rotation; convergent validity (Pearson’s correlation) and discriminatory ability (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and index of union); and external validity of the dichotomous criterion standard against the GHQ-12 responses (sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and predictive values), applying a cut-off value of ⩾ 12 and ⩾ 17, respectively. Findings A coefficient of 0.85 showed construct reliability. The GHQ-12 items in the pattern matrix showed a three-dimensional factorial model: factor 1, anxiety and depression; factor 2, coping; and factor 3, significance/effect on life, with a total variance of 59 per cent. The GHQ-12 showed good accuracy (0.84; p=<0.001) and external validity (r=0.57; p=<0.001) when the cut-off value was set at the ⩾ 17 value. Using a cut-off value of ⩾ 17 demonstrated higher sensitivity (72.32 vs 41.07 per cent) but lower specificity (32.69 vs 55.77 per cent) compared to the commonly used cut-off value of ⩾ 12. Research limitations/implications Findings generally support the reliability, validity and accuracy of the Dutch version of the GHQ-12. Further evaluation of the measure, at more than one timepoint during pregnancy, is recommended. Practical implications The GHQ-12 holds the potential to measure antenatal emotional wellbeing and women’s emotional responses and coping mechanisms with reduced antenatal emotional wellbeing. Social implications Adapting the GHQ-12 cut-off value enables effective identification of reduced emotional wellbeing to provide adequate care and allows potential reduction of anxiety among healthy pregnant women who are incorrectly screened as positive. Originality/value A novel aspect is adapting the threshold of the GHQ-12 to ⩾ 17 in antenatal care.

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