scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of 6 Weeks of Balancing and Hopping Strengthening Training on the Kinematics of the Lower Extremities of Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability while Running: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hasan Kordi Ashkezari ◽  
Mansur Sahebozamani ◽  
Abdolhamid Daneshjoo ◽  
Hamid Abbasi Bafghi
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Ankle sprains are one of the most common sports injuries. This injury can affect the kinematics of the athlete's lower extremities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6 weeks of balancing and hopping strengthening training on the kinematics of the lower extremities of athletes with functional ankle instability while running. Methods: The present study  was a randomized clinical trial on 36 athletes with functional ankle instability who were randomly divided into three groups: hopping training, balance strengthening and control. The training lasted for six weeks and 3 sessions per week. Kinematic data were recorded by 3D OptiTrack camera while running at 10 km/h before and after training. SPSS software version 20 and ANCOVA test were used to compare the effect of exercises. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference among the 3 groups in dorsiflexion (P = 0.009), inversion (P = 0.001) and knee flexion (P = 0.001). The results of Benferoni test also showed that hopping training in dorsiflexion, ankle inversion and knee flexion were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.009, P = 0.001, P = 0.001). The results also showed that balance strengthening training in the above movements were significantly different from the control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.002, P = 0.006) and in knee flexion, hoping training showed a significant difference compared to balance strengthening training (P =0.012). The results showed that both hopping and balance strengthening training improved the dorsiflexion, inversion and knee flexion angles in the initial contact in running. However, hopping exercises is better than balance strengthening in improving knee flexion angles. Conclusion: Therefore, according to the presented results, it can be concluded that the rehabilitation course of ankle sprains in athletes, coaches and sports rescue specialists should use a combination of balance strengthening training and hopping as a comprehensive program. In addition, hopping training can be used as a good alternative to balance training in places where there is not enough equipment.

scholarly journals Eccentric Plantar-Flexor Torque Deficits in Participants With Functional Ankle Instability

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fox ◽  
Carrie L. Docherty ◽  
John Schrader ◽  
Trent Applegate
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Plantar Flexors ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

Abstract Context: Inversion ankle sprains can lead to a chronic condition called functional ankle instability (FAI). Limited research has been reported regarding isokinetic measures for the plantar flexors and dorsiflexors of the ankle. Objective: To examine the isokinetic eccentric torque measures of the ankle musculature in participants with stable ankles and participants with functionally unstable ankles during inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Athletic training research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty participants with a history of “giving way” were included in the FAI group. Inclusion criteria for the FAI group included a history of at least 1 ankle sprain and repeated episodes of giving way. Twenty participants with no prior history of ankle injury were included in the control group. Intervention(s): Isokinetic eccentric torque was assessed in each participant. Main Outcome Measure(s): Isokinetic eccentric testing was conducted for inversion-eversion and plantar-flexion–dorsiflexion movements. Peak torque values were standardized to each participant's body weight. The average of the 3 trials for each direction was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant side-by-group interaction was noted for eccentric plantar flexion torque (P < .01). Follow-up t tests revealed a significant difference between the FAI limb in the FAI group and the matched limb in the control group. Additionally, a significant difference was seen between the sides of the control group (P = .03). No significant interactions were identified for eccentric inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torques (P > .05). Conclusions: A deficit in plantar flexion torque was identified in the functionally unstable ankles. No deficits were identified for inversion, eversion, or dorsiflexion torque. Therefore, eccentric plantar flexion strength may be an important contributing factor to functional ankle instability.

The effect of Baduanjin exercise for functional ankle instability rehabilitation: study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Juanjuan Ai ◽  
Kuangshi Li ◽  
Yiting Sun ◽  
Ruyu Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Patients with functional ankle instability (FAI) have problems with joint control, balance, gait, and postural symmetry. Baduanjin is a type of traditional Chinese exercise, which has been shown to be effective for treating many diseases and symptoms. However, the effect of Baduanjin in patients with FAI has not been proved. This trial is an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT), its objective is to study the efficacy and safety of Baduanjin on the rehabilitation of patients with FAI. Methods Seventy-two participants, who are eligible according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be randomized (in a 1:1 ratio) using a random numbers table into two groups: a Baduanjin group and a control group (subjected to conventional physical therapy). The Baduanjin group will be subjected to Baduanjin exercise in addition to the conventional physical therapy. The participants’ exercise will be implemented for 4 weeks (5 days a week). All the participants will be assessed at baseline, after 2 weeks’ treatment, and after 4 weeks’ treatment (after the intervention). The efficacy of Baduanjin will be assessed based on three types of outcome: (1) surface electromyography (sEMG) results of the bilateral erector spinae, tibialis anterior, and peroneus longus; (2) balance function under different conditions; and (3) the severity of ankle instability in daily life, using the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Discussion The aim of the trial is to study the effect and safety of Baduanjin in patients with FAI. The study findings may show whether Baduanjin could be used to complement medical FAI rehabilitation methods. The study findings could also highlight the importance of Baduanjin in promoting the bilateral symmetry of motor function.

Spinal Curvature and Lower Extremities Kinematics of Simulated Pregnancy during Stair Ascending and Descending

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Ihssan S. Masad ◽  
Sami Almashaqbeh ◽  
Othman Smadi ◽  
Mariam Abu Olaim ◽  
Abeer Obeid
Keyword(s):  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Hip Flexion

The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of anteriorly-added mass to simulate pregnancy on lower extremities kinematic and lumbar and thoracic angles during stair ascending and descending. 18 healthy females ascended and descended, with and without a pseudo-pregnancy sac of 12 kg (experimental and control groups, respectively), a costume-made wooden staircase while instrumented with 20 reflective markers placed on the lower extremities and the spine. The movements were captured by 12 infrared cameras surrounding the staircase. Tracked position data were exported to MATLAB to calculate the required joints angles. SPSS was used to compare the ascent and descent phases of control group, and to find if there are any significant differences between control and experimental groups in the ascent phase as well as in the descent phase. When comparing the ascent and descent phases of control group, data revealed a higher hip flexion during ascending and greater ankle planter-flexion and dorsiflexion, lumbar, and thoracic angles during descending; however, no significant difference was shown in the knee flexion angle between ascending and descending. Non-pregnant data showed greater maximum hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during stair ascending compared to simulated-pregnant group; while ankle planter-flexion, knee flexion, and lumbar angle were greater for simulated-pregnant status. During stair descending, non-pregnant group had greater minimum hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion compared to simulated pregnant group; while ankle planter-flexion, knee flexion, and maximum hip flexion were greater for simulated-pregnant group. However, the lumbar and thoracic angles were found to be similar for simulated-pregnant and non-pregnant groups during stair descending. In conclusion, the current study revealed important kinematic modifications pregnant women adopt while ascending and descending stairs at their final stage of pregnancy to increase their stability.

scholarly journals Effects of TRX Suspension Training on Proprioception and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes with Functional Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Khorjahani ◽  
Masoud Mirmoezzi ◽  
Mina Bagheri ◽  
Mohammad Kalantariyan
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

Background: Functional ankle instability (FAI) is a common consequence of ankle sprain injury, especially in high-impact sports. Objectives: To investigate the effect of six weeks of suspension training with total resistance exercises (TRX) on proprioception and muscle strength in female athletes with FAI. Methods: Thirty female athletes with FAI (age: 21.9 ± 2.2 years, height: 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, and weight: 59.8 ± 6.1 kg) were randomly assigned to two equally numbered groups: TRX training and controls based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the pre-test, the anthropometric variables and also proprioception accuracy and muscle strength of subjects were evaluated by joint angle reset test (JART) and manual muscle testing (MMT) in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion motions. The training group completed three sessions per week with progressive load for six weeks, and each training session lasted 15 - 20 minutes, whilst control subjects continued with their normal activity without special sport activities. After six weeks of training, all tests performed in the pre-test phase were also performed in the post-test phase. The t-test was used for statistic analysis (α ≤ 0.05). Results: The findings showed that TRX training significantly improved the proprioception accuracy (P ≤ 0.001) and muscle strength (P ≤ 0.001) in the training group rather than the control group. No statistically significant difference was found in any of the tests between pre-test and post-test for the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Six weeks of TRX suspension training had a positive effect on strength and proprioception accuracy in female athletes with FAI.

Comparing the Effects of Single-Task versus Dual-Task Balance Training on Gait Smoothness and Functional Balance in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Samira Javadpour ◽  
Ehsan Sinaei ◽  
Reza Salehi ◽  
Shahla Zahednejad ◽  
Alireza Motealleh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

To compare the effects of single- versus dual-task balance training on the gait smoothness and balance of community-dwelling older adults, 69 volunteers were randomized to single-, dual-task training, and control (no intervention) groups. Exercises were received in 18 sessions through 6 weeks. The gait smoothness was measured by the harmonic ratio of trunk accelerations using a triaxial accelerometer. Balance performance was assessed through the Fullerton Advanced Balance scale, Timed Up and Go test, Activities-specific Balance Confidence, and gait speed. After the trial, all variables improved significantly in the training groups. Moreover, differences in the mean change of all variables, except the Timed Up and Go test, were statistically significant between the interventional groups and the control group, but no significant difference was reported between the two training groups. This study suggests that balance training can improve gait smoothness as well as balance status in healthy older adults.

Six-Week Remodeled Bike Pedal Training Improves Dynamic Control of Lateral Shuffling in Athletes With Functional Ankle Instability

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110357
Author(s):  
Hong-Wen Wu ◽  
Yi-Shuo Chang ◽  
Md Samsul Arefin ◽  
Yu-Lin You ◽  
Fong-Chin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Joint Control ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Peroneus Longus ◽  
Dynamic Task

Background: Remodeled bicycle pedal training with multidirectional challenges through muscle strengthening and neuromuscular facilitation may increase dynamic postural control and performance during lateral shuffling for athletes with functional ankle instability (FAI). Hypothesis: The 6-week remodeled bicycle pedal training is effective on the ankle joint control and muscle activation, and especially that of the ankle evertor muscle co-contraction to improve dynamic postural control during lateral shuffling for athletes with FAI. Study Design: Laboratory randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Fourteen healthy athletes (healthy group) and 26 athletes with FAI aged 18 to 30 years were included in the study. The athletes with FAI were randomly assigned to either the training group (FAI-T group) or the nontraining group (FAI-NT group). The athletes in the FAI-T group underwent 6 weeks of remodeled bicycle pedal training, whereas those in the FAI-NT group did not undergo any intervention. Muscle co-contraction index and muscle activation in the initial contact (IC) and propulsion phases, and ankle joint angle in the IC and propulsion phases were measured during lateral shuffling before and after 6 weeks of training. Results: After remodeled bicycle pedal training, the FAI-T group demonstrated greater muscle activation in the hamstring ( P = 0.01), greater muscle coactivation of the tibialis anterior (TA) and the peroneus longus ( P = 0.01), and greater ankle eversion angle in the IC phase. Significantly greater muscle activation of the TA ( P = 0.01), greater coactivation of quadriceps and hamstring ( P = 0.03), and a smaller ankle inversion angle ( P = 0.04) in the propulsion phase were observed in the FAI-T group after training compared with those in the FAI-NT group. Conclusion: Remodeled bicycle pedal training facilitates the TA and peroneus longus activation and the coactivation of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles during lateral shuffling and resulted in enhanced ankle and knee joint stability. In addition, a better ankle movement strategy during a dynamic task can be achieved via a 6-week remodeled pedal training program. Clinical Relevance: This remodeled bicycle pedal training can be effective for rehabilitating athletes with FAI to recover lateral dynamic movement capability.

scholarly journals Surgical Reconstruction with the Remnant Ligament Improves Joint Position Sense as well as Functional Ankle Instability: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamizato Iwao ◽  
Deie Masataka ◽  
Fukuhara Kohei
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Position Sense ◽  
Joint Position Sense ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Joint Position ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. Chronic functional instability—characterized by repeated ankle inversion sprains and a subjective sensation of instability—is one of the most common residual disabilities after an inversion sprain. However, whether surgical reconstruction improves sensorimotor control has not been reported to date. The purpose of this study was to assess functional improvement of chronic ankle instability after surgical reconstruction using the remnant ligament.Materials and Methods. We performed 10 cases in the intervention group and 20 healthy individuals as the control group. Before and after surgical reconstruction, we evaluated joint position sense and functional ankle instability by means of a questionnaire.Results and Discussion. There was a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups before surgical reconstruction. Three months after surgery in the intervention group, the joint position sense was significantly different from those found preoperatively. Before surgery, the mean score of functional ankle instability in the intervention group was almost twice as low. Three months after surgery, however, the score significantly increased. The results showed that surgical reconstruction using the remnant ligament was effective not only for improving mechanical retensioning but also for ameliorating joint position sense and functional ankle instability.

scholarly journals Comparison of Electromyographic Activity of Anterior Tibial Muscles and Long Fibular in Athletes With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Giovanna Piai Cezar ◽  
Barbara Pasqualino Fachin ◽  
Christiane de Souza Guerino Macedo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Tibial

AbstractChronic ankle instability (ICT) is common in jumping sports, may alter muscle recruitment, result in functional limitations and recurrence of sprains in this joint. The purpose of the study was to compare the muscle recruitment of the anterior tibial and long fibular muscles of athletes with and without chronic ankle instability by means of surface electromyography. Thirty-four athletes were recruited, divided into instability group (GI: n=14) and control group (GC: n=20), of both sexes and from different sport modalities, aged between 18 and 27 years old, history of ankle sprain in the last 12 months and functional limitation established by the Cumberland Ankle Instability (CAIT) questionnaire, the recruitment of the anterior tibial and long fibular muscles was analyzed by surface electromyography during the lunge exercise. The results for GI and GC were, respectively: age 21.3±2.88 and 22.4±3.25, height 1.77±0.10 and 1.74±0.08, CAIT 17[12.2-19] and 29.5 [27-30] (p<0.001). The anterior tibial and long fibular muscle recruitment in GI was 111.1[62.5-165.4] and 68.2±29, respectively and in GC 106.8[79.8-230.5] and 54.4±26.4, without significant difference. ICT did not interfere in the recruitment of the anterior tibial and long fibular muscles during the lunge exercise in athletes. Keywords: Ankle. Sprains and Strains. Health Evaluation. ResumoA instabilidade crônica do tornozelo (ICT) é comum em esportes de saltos, pode alterar o recrutamento muscular, resultar em limitações funcionais e recidivas de entorses nesta articulação. O objeto do estudo foi comparar o recrutamento muscular dos músculos tibial anterior e fibular longo de atletas com e sem instabilidade crônica de tornozelo por meio da eletromiografia de superfície. Foram recrutados 34 atletas, divididos em grupo instabilidade (GI: n=14) e grupo controle (GC: n=20), de ambos os sexos e de diferentes modalidades esportivas, com idade entre 18 e 27 anos, história de entorse de tornozelo nos últimos 12 meses e limitação funcional estabelecida pelo questionário Cumberland Ankle Instability (CAIT), o recrutamento dos músculos tibial anterior e fibular longo foi analisado pela eletromiografia de superfície durante o exercício de agachamento afundo. Os resultados para GI e GC foram, respectivamente: idade 21,3±2,88 e 22,4±3,25, altura 1,77±0,10 e 1,74±0,08, CAIT 17[12,2–19] e 29,5 [27-30] (p<0,001). O recrutamento muscular do tibial anterior e fibular longo no GI foi 111,1[62,5-165,4] e 68,2±29, respectivamente e no GC 106,8[79,8-230,5] e 54,4±26,4, sem diferença significativa. A ICT não interferiu no recrutamento dos músculos tibial anterior e fibular longo durante a realização do exercício de agachamento afundo em atletas. Palavras-chave: Tornozelo. Entorses e Distensões. Avaliação em Saúde

scholarly journals Effect of a Semirigid Ankle Brace on the In Vivo Kinematics of Patients with Functional Ankle Instability during the Stance Phase of Walking

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Gonghao Zhang ◽  
Shengxuan Cao ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stance Phase ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Gait Kinematics ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Ankle Brace ◽  
Ankle Joints

An ankle brace is commonly used by patients after they suffer from initial ankle sprains, reducing the incidents of recurrent sprain or limiting laxity in joints with functional ankle instability (FAI). However, whether the application of a semirigid ankle brace can improve the abnormal ankle gait kinematics of patients with FAI remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the effect of a semirigid ankle brace on the gait kinematics of ankle joints through 3D-2D fluoroscopy image registration. A total of 8 subjects with FAI (3 males and 5 females, 10 feet) as FAI group and 10 subjects without FAI (6 males and 4 females, 10 feet) as control group were enrolled in this study. Three-dimensional bone models created from computed tomography images were matched to fluoroscopic images to compute the 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) talocrural, subtalar, and ankle joints complex kinematics for control and FAI group with or without brace during the stance phase of walking. FAI patients had significantly less ROMs in inversion/eversion rotation of the talocrural and subtalar joint after wearing semirigid ankle brace. Laxity was observed in most of the displacements of the talocrural and subtalar joints in FAI group. The brace partly altered the ankle joints movement in opposite directions, especially joint rotation, and restricted the talocrural and subtalar joints in the dorsiflexion position during the touch down phase of walking.

scholarly journals Altered Kinematics and Time to Stabilization During Drop-Jump Landings in Individuals With or Without Functional Ankle Instability

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Wright ◽  
Brent L. Arnold ◽  
Scott E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Functional Ankle Instability ◽  
Jump Landing ◽  
Time To Stabilization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Jump Landings

Context It has been proposed that altered dynamic-control strategies during functional activity such as jump landings may partially explain recurrent instability in individuals with functional ankle instability (FAI). Objective To capture jump-landing time to stabilization (TTS) and ankle motion using a multisegment foot model among FAI, coper, and healthy control individuals. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Participants were 23 individuals with a history of at least 1 ankle sprain and at least 2 episodes of giving way in the past year (FAI), 23 individuals with a history of a single ankle sprain and no subsequent episodes of instability (copers), and 23 individuals with no history of ankle sprain or instability in their lifetime (controls). Participants were matched for age, height, and weight (age = 23.3 ± 3.8 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.09 m, weight = 69.0 ± 13.7 kg). Intervention(s) Ten single-legged drop jumps were recorded using a 12-camera Vicon MX motion-capture system and a strain-gauge force plate. Main Outcome Measures Mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) TTS in seconds, as well as forefoot and hindfoot sagittal- and frontal-plane angles at jump-landing initial contact and at the point of maximum vertical ground reaction force were calculated. Results For the forefoot and hindfoot in the sagittal plane, group differences were present at initial contact (forefoot: P = .043, hindfoot: P = .004). At the hindfoot, individuals with FAI displayed more dorsiflexion than the control and coper groups. Time to stabilization differed among groups (AP TTS: P &lt; .001; ML TTS: P = .040). Anteroposterior TTS was longer in the coper group than in the FAI or control groups, and ML TTS was longer in the FAI group than in the control group. Conclusions During jump landings, copers showed differences in sagittal-plane control, including less plantar flexion at initial contact and increased AP sway during stabilization, which may contribute to increased dynamic stability.

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