scholarly journals Role of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) in Diagnosis of Appendicitis in Paediatric Patients in H. Adam Malik Medan Central General Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3591-3595
Author(s):  
Desiree Anggia Paramita ◽  
Erjan Fikri ◽  
Zulfikar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Paediatric Patient ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Abdominal Emergency ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Children Under 5

Acute appendicitis in paediatric patient is among the causal of abdominal emergency which requires immediate operation (Victor, et al, 2012; Ballester et al., 2009; Huckins et al., 2013). The incidence of acute appendicitis in paediatric patient in the world ranges from 1 to 8 % of all pediatric patients coming to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute abdominal pain (Jangra et al., 2013). Appendicitis is rare in children under 5 years, and very rare in the first year of life. In some instances, boys are more than girls around 55% to 65% of patients (Stevenson, Edward, 2003). The incidence rate of perforated appendicitis in the age group of children is about 30% to 40%. Appendicitis in the neonate is very rare, and the surgeon should be careful of the accompanying conditions, such as Hirschsprung’s disease and necrotic enterocolitis. (Stevenson, Edward, 2003).

scholarly journals Acute Bronchiolitis: Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasound?

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Mauro ◽  
Ammirabile ◽  
Quercia ◽  
Panza ◽  
Capozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Management ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life, considered a health burden because of its morbidity and costs. Its diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and the role of radiographic examination is limited to atypical cases. Thus far, Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is not considered in the diagnostic algorithm for bronchiolitis. Methods: PubMed database was searched for trials reporting on lung ultrasound examination and involving infants with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Results: Eight studies were suitable. Conclusions: This review analyzed the current evidence about the potential usefulness of LUS in the clinical management of bronchiolitis. Literature supports a peculiar role of LUS in the evaluation of the affected children, considering it as a reliable imaging test that could benefit the clinical management of bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Water Balance and ‘Salt Wasting' in the First Year of Life: The Role of Aldosterone-Signaling Defects

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Bizzarri ◽  
Stefania Pedicelli ◽  
Marco Cappa ◽  
Stefano Cianfarani
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
First Year ◽  
Salt Wasting ◽  
First Year Of Life

No perceptual reorganization for Limburgian tones? A cross-linguistic investigation with 6- to 12-month-old infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFANIE RAMACHERS ◽  
SUSANNE BROUWER ◽  
PAULA FIKKERT
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Linguistic Experience ◽  
Tone Languages ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Visual Habituation ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

AbstractDespite the fact that many of the world's languages use lexical tone, the majority of language acquisition studies has focused on non-tone languages. Research on tone languages has typically investigated well-known tone languages such as Mandarin and Cantonese Chinese. The current study looked at a Limburgian dialect of Dutch that uses lexical pitch differences, albeit in a rather restricted way. Using a visual habituation paradigm, 6- to 12-month-old Limburgian and Dutch infants were tested for their ability to discriminate Limburgian tones. The results showed that both Limburgian and Dutch infants discriminate the Limburgian tones throughout their first year of life. The role of linguistic experience, acoustic salience, and the degree of similarity to the native prosodic system are discussed.

scholarly journals Prospective study to assess maternal knowledge, attitude and practices regarding childhood diarrhoea

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Supriya Malik
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
First Year ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Children Under 5

Background: Diarrhoea is one of the major and most frequently encounter problem by the paediatrician. Diarrhoeal disease is the second leading cause of death n children under 5 yrs and is responsible for killing around 5,25,000 children every year. In low income counties, children under three years old, experience on an average three episodes of diarrhoea every year. Each episode deprives the child of the nutrition necessary for growth. Current study was conducted to assess maternal knowledge, attitude over practice regarding diarrhoeal disease.Methods: The present study is a prospective study, carried out at department of paediatrics, at Sri Guru Ram Das University of Medical Sciences and Research Amritsar from Jan 2016—Jan 2018 over period of 2 years. Total 25-0 mothers were intervened to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices during episodes of diarrhoea on basis of educational qualification of mothers, data were divided into three categories: Illiterate, moderately educated including mothers having qualification up to graduation, highly educated-mothers who did post-graduation or some professional education.Results: Total 250 mothers were included in the study with prior informed consent and question were asked as per preformed questionnaire and vernacular language and English too. In present study, it was observed that maximum number of diarrhoea causes 77.76% were seen in first year of life and there was higher incidence (74.4%) among male children. Incidence of diarrhoea was 67.6% among children of illiterate mother in contrast to 12% among a mother of having higher qualification.Conclusions: Finding of present study indicated low proportion of maternal knowledge and practice about etiologies and management of diarrhoeal disease among children under 5 years of age. Programme should focus on provided awareness to patients and education of mother should focus on symptoms of dehydration, knowledge on ORS, hoe to prepare an ORS, prevention on danger sign and diseases. rural population.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular and Neuroendocrinological Features Associated With ZC4H2-Related Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita in a Sicilian Family: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Piccolo ◽  
Giuseppe d'Annunzio ◽  
Elisabetta Amadori ◽  
Antonella Riva ◽  
Paola Borgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
First Year ◽  
Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Phenotypic Spectrum ◽  
Distal Muscle ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
First Year Of Life

Wieacker-Wolff syndrome (WWS) is an X-linked Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita (AMC) disorder associated with broad neurodevelopmental impairment. The genetic basis of WWS lies in hemizygous pathogenic variants in ZC4H2, encoding a C4H2 type zinc-finger nuclear factor abundantly expressed in the developing human brain. The main clinical features described in WWS families carrying ZC4H2 pathogenic variants encompass having a short stature, microcephaly, birth respiratory distress, arthrogryposis, hypotonia, distal muscle weakness, and broad neurodevelopmental delay. We hereby report a Sicilian family with a boy clinically diagnosed with WWS and genetically investigated with exome sequencing (ES), leading to the identification of a c.593G>A (p. R198Q) hemizygous pathogenic variant in the ZC4H2 gene. During the first year of life, the onset of central hypoadrenalism led to recurrent hypoglycemic events, which likely contributed to seizure susceptibility. Also, muscle biopsy studies confirmed a pathology of the muscle tissue and revealed peculiar abnormalities of the neuromuscular junction. In conclusion, we expand the phenotypic spectrum of the WWS-related neurodevelopmental disorders and discuss the role of ZC4H2 in the context of the potential neuroendocrinological and neuromuscular features associated with this condition.

scholarly journals XPC and POLH/XPV Genes Mutated in a Genetic Cluster of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Patients in Northeast Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia Pereira Castro ◽  
Danilo Batista-Vieira ◽  
Tiago Antonio de Souza ◽  
Ana Rafaela de Souza Timoteo ◽  
Jessica Dayanna Landivar Coutinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
First Year ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Genetic Cluster ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Comoro Island ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Defective Dna Repair

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare genetic condition in which exposure to sunlight leads to a high tumor incidence due to defective DNA repair machinery. Herein, we investigated seven patients clinically diagnosed with XP living in a small city, Montanhas (Rio Grande do Norte), in the Northeast region of Brazil. We performed high-throughput sequencing and, surprisingly, identified two different mutated genes. Six patients carry a novel homozygote mutation in the POLH/XPV gene, c.672_673insT (p.Leu225Serfs*33), while one patient carries a homozygote mutation in the XPC gene, c.2251-1G>C. This latter mutation was previously described in Southeastern Africa (Comoro Island and Mozambique), Pakistan, and in a high incidence in Brazil. The XP-C patient had the first symptoms before the first year of life with aggressive ophthalmologic tumor progression and a melanoma onset at 7 years of age. The XP-V patients presented a milder phenotype with later onset of the disorder (mean age of 16 years old), and one of the six XP-V patients developed melanoma at 72 years. The photoprotection is minimal among them, mainly for the XP-V patients. The differences in the disease severity between XP-C (more aggressive) and XP-V (milder) patients are obvious and point to the major role of photoprotection in the XPs. We estimate that the incidence of XP patients at Montanhas can be higher, but with no diagnosis, due to poor health assistance. Patients still suffer from the stigmatization of the condition, impairing diagnosis, education for sun protection, and medical care.

scholarly journals Role of Red Cell Distribution Width and Neutrophil: Lymphocyte Ratio in Adults with Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Pavan MR ◽  
Madhav H Hande ◽  
Jayakumar Jeganathan ◽  
Meenakshi Shetty ◽  
Chakrapani M
Keyword(s):  
Red Cell Distribution Width ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Distribution ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

scholarly journals ROLE OF HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN PREDICTON OF GANGRENOUS/PERFORATED APPENDICITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irfan Hussain Khan ◽  
Arun Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Bilirubin Level ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Perforated Appendicitis ◽  
Total Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Total Serum

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the role of hyperbilirubinemia as a new diagnostic tool for predictor of gangrenous / perforated appendicitis. Methods: Hospital based prospective study was conducted on 100 patients with perforated/gangrenous appendix Results: In acute appendicitis case out of 84 cases 26 cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl, in gangrenous appendicitis out of 3 cases all cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl and in perforated appendicitis out of 13 cases 12 cases bilirubin level was more than 1mg/dl Conclusion: It is concluded from present study that elevated total serum bilirubin without elevation of liver enzymes is a good indicator of appendicular perforation. Keywords: Perforation, Appendicitis, Bilirubin

scholarly journals Things that can be changed in early intervention in childhood

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spela Golubovic ◽  
Jasminka Markovic ◽  
Lidija Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
First Year ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Special Educator ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
Early Intervention Services ◽  
Rehabilitation Professionals ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
First Year Of Life

Introduction. Early intervention implies a model of support focused on a child, family and a broader community from early childhood. The aim of this study was to analyze the elements of the successful early intervention in childhood, as well as to assess the role of a special educator and rehabilitator and level of their involvement in implementing the program on the territory of Novi Sad. Material and Methods. The study sample included 100 parents of children with disabilities (aged 3-7), who completed the questionnaire designed for the purposes of this research, based on a similar questionnaire design. Results. Speech delay is one of the most common reasons (over 50%) why parents seek professional help. By the end of the first year of life of their child, 43% of parents responded that they had noticed the first problems, that is, a problem was identified in 25% of children of this age group, and the same number was included in the treatment. About 55% of children were involved in organized treatment from 3 years of age onwards. Special educators and rehabilitators are usually involved in treatment when the team consists of three or more professionals. Conclusions. It is necessary to improve early intervention services, to educate staff, and provide conditions which would make it possible to overcome the existing disadvantages in treating children from an early age. In addition, the involvement of special education and rehabilitation professionals in treatment teams since children?s early age is vital.

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