Honeymoon Objectivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Sun-ha Hong
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Data Market ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Will Self

Technologies of datafication exert their societal influence through a recurring modern fantasy of “honeymoon objectivity,” wherein technoscience might purify complex social problems and human biases to produce a stable grounding for judgment. Although fulfillment is constantly deferred, this fantasy enrolls society in a fast-expanding data market. Problems of criminal justice, political will, self-knowledge, and economic success are subordinated to the logic of surveillance capitalism and its search for meaning-indifferent, commercially recombinable data.

Beyond Recidivism

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-38
Author(s):  
Elsa Y. Chen ◽  
Sophie E. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Integrate Data

This chapter highlights a number of flaws with current practices in the measurement of recidivism and offers suggestions for improvements in the measurement, collection, and sharing of data related to the experiences of individuals returning to society from incarceration. Problems with current measures of recidivism include lack of precision, lack of standardization, and possible bias. Multiple, precise, and uniformly defined measures should be used. Measures that focus on reengagement with the criminal justice system are insufficient to gauge a reentering individual’s progress, which is likely to be incremental, will probably involve setbacks, and inevitably spans numerous policy areas. Instead of primarily emphasizing reentering individuals’ risks of recidivating, more attention should be paid to their needs, and to information about access to reentry resources to address those needs. Data sharing between different levels of government and policy domains, between custody and community, and across the public and nonprofit sectors can improve the delivery of resources and services, reducing waste and improving lives. Concerns about privacy and confidentiality, technological limitations, insufficient funding and capacity, and lack of motivation currently impede efforts to share and integrate data. With political will, support, and resources, obstacles to data sharing can be overcome.

scholarly journals Educación: Orientación Vocacional y Profesional, garantía de derechos y construcción de proyectos de vida.//Education: Vocational and Professional Guidance, guarantee of rights and construction of life projects.

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (30) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Pablo Ormaza-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Information Society ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Search For Meaning ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Sociedad Del Conocimiento ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Professional Guidance

La búsqueda del sentido a la vida ha sido una constante en todas las esferas de desarrollo humano. La práctica orientadora —trasformada en disciplina orientativa— ha estimulado la capacidad de decisión de las personas mediante procesos de autoconocimiento, información y toma de decisión. Desde los enfoques funcionalista, evolucionista, factorialista, humanista e histórico-cultural, hasta los nuevos postulados de la post-modernidad, la orientación se ha constituido en un mecanismo utilizado en diferentes contextos sociales para reproducir modos de producción o para reivindicar derechos individuales y colectivos. Muestra de ello es el desarrollo de dicha disciplina en el contexto ecuatoriano, donde la evidencia cronológica muestra el cambio cualitativo de enfoque: desde lo vocacional y profesional a un abordaje centrado en derechos. El presente ejercicio de investigación descriptiva esboza el desarrollo del concepto de la orientación en cada uno de sus estadios históricos en el Ecuador, su implicación en la normativa nacional e internacional a más de establecer un punto de conexión con el goce mismo de los derechos y libertades individuales y colectivas. Finalmente, se deja abierto un escenario de inquietudes con respecto a la práctica orientadora en la nueva sociedad del conocimiento e información. AbstractThe search for meaning in life has been a constant in all spheres of human development. The orienting practice -transformed into orienting discipline- has stimulated the decision capacity of people through processes of self-knowledge, information and decision making. From the functionalist, evolutionist, factorialistic, humanist and historical-cultural approaches to the new postulates of post-modernity, orientation has become a mechanism used in different social contexts to reproduce modes of production or to claim individual and collective rights. An example of this is the development of this discipline in the Ecuadorian context, where chronological evidence shows the qualitative change of approach: from the vocational and professional to a rights-centred approach. This descriptive research exercise outlines the development of the concept of orientation in each of its historical stages in Ecuador, its implication in national and international norms, and more than establishing a point of connection with the very enjoyment of individual and collective rights and freedoms. Finally, it leaves open a scenario of concerns regarding the guiding practice in the new knowledge and information society.

Technology to Prevent Criminal Behaviour

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Gabriel De Marco ◽  
Thomas Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
The Other ◽  
Criminal Behaviour ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Justice Systems

This chapter assesses the use of technology to solve social problems such as crime. Starting with a type of education programme that few would find problematic, it details step-by-step a range of interventions that might be offered to rehabilitate offenders. These interventions include a device that not only gives a signal when it detects a precursor of the urge for criminal behaviour, but also releases a drug that is reliably effective at neutralizing these urges. The chapter then presents a view according to which, if we accept the education programme, then we ought to accept all of the other technological interventions. This would mean accepting a greatly expanded role for technology in our criminal justice systems, compared to what we see at present.

The lurking punitive threat: The philosophy of necessity and challenges for reform

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya Goshe
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Substantive Justice

Despite some encouraging reforms and a new optimism in criminal justice, problematic punishment persists in the USA. In this article, I argue that the difficulties of reform stem, in part, from an ingrained ‘philosophy of necessity’ that places punishment at the core of how to think about crime and social problems, and promotes a worldview that overvalues punishment’s ability to provide safety, provoke change and ensure justice. The philosophy of necessity grants punishment the ‘benefit of the doubt’, even when such confidence is unwarranted, and fosters reliance on punitive norms that encourage excess and abuse. A series of features work together to encourage the philosophy of necessity in the USA: blindness to the history of using punishment to ensure economic and social security for the privileged, ongoing policies that breed high levels of violence, and cultural endorsement of punitive logic as a substitution for social security and substantive justice.

Social Problems and Criminal Justice.

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Clinton R. Sanders ◽  
Emilio C. Viano ◽  
Alvin W. Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Problems

If You Would Not Criminalize Poverty, Do Not Medicalize It

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Sage ◽  
Jennifer E. Laurin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
American Society

American society tends to medicalize or criminalize social problems. Criminal justice reformers have made arguments for a positive role in the relief of poverty that are similar to those aired in healthcare today. The consequences of criminalizing poverty caution against its continued medicalization.

Human Growth: Effects of a Human Development Course on Criminal Justice Personnel

1981 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Communication Skill ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Master's Level ◽  
Group Environment ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Interviewing Technique ◽  
Development Course

19 criminal justice personnel (male, Caucasian, Master's level students, aged 21 to 36 yr.) were administered a variety of tests to determine if an experiential-skills type curriculum could promote personal or interpersonal growth. The 19 college students who participated showed significant gains in communication skill, interviewing technique, and self-knowledge. Active participation and group environment were important factors in this change.

The Securitization of Transnational Crime

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-53
Author(s):  
Michael McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Political Will

This chapter asks: what is driving criminal justice cooperation between Australia and Indonesia? By tracing various ‘wars on crime’ waged by both countries since the 1970s, it reveals how the politicization—and ultimately ‘securitization’—of transnational crime has provided much of the impetus for cooperation between them. This helps correct the standard view that such cooperation is simply a response to a growth in transnational criminal activity. The chapter concludes that the greater the politicization of a transnational problem, the greater the political will to pursue international cooperation in response. It does not follow, however, that the politicization of transnational crime within each country will necessarily result in cooperation between them. In fact, the very act of politicization can (somewhat paradoxically) make cooperation harder to achieve.

Washington Watch

1992 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-35
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Jury Verdict ◽  
Entire Nation

The recent rioting in Los Angeles following the jury verdict in the Rodney King beating case has focused the attention of the entire nation upon both our criminal justice system and the economic and social problems of large inner-city populations.

Selective Incapacitation: Sentencing According to Risk

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Blackmore ◽  
Jane Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
Alternative Programs ◽  
Policy Proposal ◽  
Selective Incapacitation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Criminal Justice Practitioners

In October 1982, the Rand Corporation published Selective Incapacitation, a sentencing proposal based on seven years of research by a team of Rand researchers under the direction of Peter Greenwood. In his report, Greenwood claims to have developed a classification scheme that would enable criminal Justice practitioners to determine which offenders should receive long, "incapacitating" prison sentences and which can be sentenced to alternative programs or safely released to the community. If implemented in its purest form, he says, selective incapacitation could result both in a net reduction of crime in the community and in the number of offenders who would need to be incarcerated. Since the release of the Rand report, most criminologists agree that Greenwood's findings are incomplete, methodologically flawed, and do not justify his policy proposal. Some have also raised moral and legal objections to it. In this article we outline the history, criticism and impact of selective incapacitation. We find that there are no clear and forceful answers to the dilemmas posed by the Greenwood saga. However, the,pressure on the research community to come up with quick and easy answers to complex social problems, we suggest, is less than subtle, particularly when money, reputation and the ability to do research hang in the balance.

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