Implications for Policy and Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 245-272
Author(s):  
David M. Day ◽  
Margit Wiesner
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Adaptive Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Intervention Treatment ◽  
Policies And Programs

This chapter explores how findings from criminal trajectory research might be used to inform the development of policies and programs both within the criminal justice system (e.g., for assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of offenders) and outside the criminal justice system (e.g., for early intervention and prevention). Although some scholars may be sceptical of the applied relevance of criminal trajectory research, given the controversies discussed in Chapter 3, we hold a more optimistic position. We argue that trajectory research has applied relevance if viewed broadly, from the developmental systems, developmental and life course criminology, and criminal career perspectives. When viewed from these frameworks, trajectory research reminds us that a person-centered, developmentally informed approach to working with individuals involved in the justice system, as well as young people at risk for contact with the justice system, yields positive outcomes. Understanding the developmental processes (e.g., role of developmental tasks and adaptive functioning), developmental risk factors, and later life outcomes for different trajectory groups may help identify areas to target for prevention, early intervention, treatment, and rehabilitation.

Cumulative Disadvantage in the American Criminal Justice System

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Kurlychek ◽  
Brian D. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Case Processing ◽  
Cumulative Disadvantage ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Criminal Case Processing

Research on inequality in punishment has a long and storied history, yet the overwhelming focus has been on episodic disparity in isolated stages of criminal case processing (e.g., arrest, prosecution, or sentencing). Although theories of cumulative disadvantage exist in criminology, they are seldom adapted to account for treatment in the criminal justice system. We provide an overview of the concept of cumulative disadvantage in the life course and review evidence on the development of cumulative disadvantages across stages of the criminal justice system. In doing so, we appraise the empirical research on policing, prosecution, and the courts and consider how these largely separate bodies of scholarship are inherently connected. We conclude with a call for future research that focuses more explicitly on the ways that life-course disadvantages shape contact with the criminal justice system and how these processes work to perpetuate patterns of disadvantage within the system and in subsequent life outcomes.

scholarly journals A kaupapa Māori analysis of the use of Māori cultural identity in the prison system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Riki Mihaere
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Kaupapa Māori

<p>Māori are 15% of the New Zealand population, and yet are 45.3% of annual police apprehensions and 51% of the prison population. This status of Māori ‘over-representation’ in the criminal justice system has remained steady for the last 34 years. One principle explanation of this status is that Māori have limited access to a secure Māori cultural identity. As a result, criminal justice authorities, especially the Department of Corrections, have progressively focused policies and programmes towards the perceived Māori cultural related needs of Māori offenders and prisoners. This focus is undertaken not only to reduce rates of recidivism but also to provide culturally relevant environments for Māori prisoners and increased opportunities for successful rehabilitation.   The result is that New Zealand’s prison system now contains a number of unique strategies such as the Māori Therapeutic Programme, the New Life Akoranga Programme and Māori Focus Units. Despite these developments, there remains a dearth of clearly articulated descriptions of how, why or even if Māori cultural identity has a positive effect on reducing Māori offending and imprisonment. This thesis is designed to address this gap in the research.   The thesis pursues a kaupapa Māori methodology, using in-depth interviews with key Māori associated with the development of the theory, policy and practice of Māori cultural identity in the criminal justice system. This focus provides an opportunity for those Māori whose careers or, in some cases, life works have been dedicated to the development and implementation of cultural responses to crime to speak for themselves. This approach allows a full exploration of the underlying rationale and meaning of the Māori cultural identity policies and resultant programmes sprinkled throughout New Zealand’s system.  The thesis develops two key arguments. Firstly, despite strongly held criminal justice beliefs about the potential validity of Māori cultural identity in relation to reducing Māori offending and imprisonment, the broader context regarding the status of Māori as the most marginalised population in New Zealand is largely ignored. Rather than accepting that Māori offending is likely to be ignited by a broad array of socio-economic factors which are the result of generations of colonising Pākehā practices, the Correctional response has been to individualise Māori offending by focusing on the degree of Māori cultural identity inherent in specific Māori offenders. Secondly, that the authenticity of Māori cultural identity policies and programmes designed and delivered by Corrections is questionable. While the Department argues that Māori cultural identity nestles comfortably within western-based therapeutic programmes, professional Māori disagree. In their view, the Māori cultural identity programmes delivered in New Zealand’s prisons do not resemble Māori culture at all. Given these two arguments, the thesis questions whether the criminal justice use of Māori cultural identity is more a measure of official attempts to meet ‘Treaty’ obligations rather than a genuine effort to reduce Māori offending and imprisonment.</p>

Preexposure Prophylaxis for Women Across the Criminal Justice System: Implications for Policy and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hoff ◽  
Ronnye Rutledge ◽  
Britton A. Gibson ◽  
Carolina R. Price ◽  
Colleen Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Preexposure Prophylaxis

scholarly journals Predictive analytics for policy and practice: reflections from the criminal justice system

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Costs Of Crime ◽  
Good Investment

The current government is seeking to take the logic of an investment approach to welfare and apply it to other areas of expenditure. Like most sectors, the justice sector has a programme of work underway to improve its ability to make good investment decisions; in a justice sector context this primarily means applying resources where they can best reduce the long-term social and economic costs of crime. 

scholarly journals Applying intersectionality to partnerships between women’s organizations and the criminal justice system in relation to domestic violence

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-850
Author(s):  
Aviah Sarah Day ◽  
Aisha K Gill
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Subject

Abstract The challenges facing domestic violence (DV) survivors has become the subject of a growing body of intersectional analysis; this paper presents a new intersectional framework for analysing DV policy and practice. Examining a partnership between women’s sector organizations and the criminal justice system in London, using interviews with professionals from the bodies, the paper offers an intersectional analysis of the implications, positive and negative, for both policy and practice. The complex interplay between women’s sector organizations and the criminal justice system demonstrate how the intersections of gender, class, ‘race’ and immigration status affect the way DV survivors are able to access and benefit from support, concluding that, to operate more effectively, DV support must consider all forms of oppression and violence affecting the lives of all their users.

scholarly journals A kaupapa Māori analysis of the use of Māori cultural identity in the prison system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Riki Mihaere
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The Status ◽  
Kaupapa Māori

<p>Māori are 15% of the New Zealand population, and yet are 45.3% of annual police apprehensions and 51% of the prison population. This status of Māori ‘over-representation’ in the criminal justice system has remained steady for the last 34 years. One principle explanation of this status is that Māori have limited access to a secure Māori cultural identity. As a result, criminal justice authorities, especially the Department of Corrections, have progressively focused policies and programmes towards the perceived Māori cultural related needs of Māori offenders and prisoners. This focus is undertaken not only to reduce rates of recidivism but also to provide culturally relevant environments for Māori prisoners and increased opportunities for successful rehabilitation.   The result is that New Zealand’s prison system now contains a number of unique strategies such as the Māori Therapeutic Programme, the New Life Akoranga Programme and Māori Focus Units. Despite these developments, there remains a dearth of clearly articulated descriptions of how, why or even if Māori cultural identity has a positive effect on reducing Māori offending and imprisonment. This thesis is designed to address this gap in the research.   The thesis pursues a kaupapa Māori methodology, using in-depth interviews with key Māori associated with the development of the theory, policy and practice of Māori cultural identity in the criminal justice system. This focus provides an opportunity for those Māori whose careers or, in some cases, life works have been dedicated to the development and implementation of cultural responses to crime to speak for themselves. This approach allows a full exploration of the underlying rationale and meaning of the Māori cultural identity policies and resultant programmes sprinkled throughout New Zealand’s system.  The thesis develops two key arguments. Firstly, despite strongly held criminal justice beliefs about the potential validity of Māori cultural identity in relation to reducing Māori offending and imprisonment, the broader context regarding the status of Māori as the most marginalised population in New Zealand is largely ignored. Rather than accepting that Māori offending is likely to be ignited by a broad array of socio-economic factors which are the result of generations of colonising Pākehā practices, the Correctional response has been to individualise Māori offending by focusing on the degree of Māori cultural identity inherent in specific Māori offenders. Secondly, that the authenticity of Māori cultural identity policies and programmes designed and delivered by Corrections is questionable. While the Department argues that Māori cultural identity nestles comfortably within western-based therapeutic programmes, professional Māori disagree. In their view, the Māori cultural identity programmes delivered in New Zealand’s prisons do not resemble Māori culture at all. Given these two arguments, the thesis questions whether the criminal justice use of Māori cultural identity is more a measure of official attempts to meet ‘Treaty’ obligations rather than a genuine effort to reduce Māori offending and imprisonment.</p>

scholarly journals The neglected needs of care leavers in the criminal justice system: Practitioners’ perspectives and the persistence of problem (corporate) parenting

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Fitzpatrick ◽  
Patrick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Criminal Justice Systems ◽  
Care Leavers ◽  
Justice Systems ◽  
Corporate Parenting

The link between experiences of care and criminal justice systems is well documented, yet curiously neglected in policy and practice. While the over-representation of care leavers in the justice system is often taken as given, there has been negligible change in policy and practice that appropriately responds to the needs of these individuals. Drawing on interviews with practitioners, this article highlights a series of organizational and institutional barriers to implementing a unique intervention. More broadly, such barriers contribute to the persistence of care(less) practice, facilitating the neglect of care leavers’ needs to a system dominated by risk. It is argued that the continued inertia within this area can only be construed as practice negligence and an affront to justice.

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