scholarly journals Microeconometric Approaches in Exploring the Relationships Between Early Alert Systems and Student Retention: A Case Study of a Regionally Based University in Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Scott Harrison ◽  
Renato Villano ◽  
Grace Lynch ◽  
George Chen
Keyword(s):  
Student Retention ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Technological Tool ◽  
Early Alert Systems ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Early Alert

Early alert systems (EAS) are an important technological tool to help manage and improve student retention. Data spanning 16,091 students over 156 weeks was collected from a regionally based university in Australia to explore various microeconometric approaches that establish links between EAS and student retention outcomes. Controlling for numerous confounding variables, significant relationships between the EAS and student retention were identified. Capturing dynamic relationships between the explanatory variables and the hazard of discontinuing provides new insight into understanding student retention factors. We concluded that survival models are the best methods of understanding student retention when temporal data is available.

Linking early alert systems and student retention: a survival analysis approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Villano ◽  
Scott Harrison ◽  
Grace Lynch ◽  
George Chen
Keyword(s):  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Early Alert Systems ◽  
Early Alert

Surgeon-Level Variation in Outcome following Esophageal Atresia Repair Is Not Explained by Volume

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O'Connor ◽  
Bruce Jaffray
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Predictors Of Outcome ◽  
Renal Anomalies ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Objective Outcome ◽  
Surgeon Performance ◽  
Case Mortality

Abstract Introduction To assess whether there is a difference in operative outcome for esophageal atresia (EA) depending on a surgeon's seniority as defined by years in consultant practice or number of cases performed. In addition a Clavien–Dindo score was used to sequentially analyze the outcome of each surgeon's EA procedure. Materials and Methods All repairs performed over 22 years in an English regional center were analyzed. Outcomes were: death, anastomotic leak, need for dilatation, need for more than three dilatations, need for fundoplication, and a Clavien–Dindo adverse outcome of ≥3b. Possible explanatory variables were: number of prior repairs by the surgeon, surgeon's years of consultant experience. We also examined the effect of variables intrinsic to the infant as possible confounding variables and as independent predictors of outcome. Results A total of 190 repairs were performed or supervised by 12 consultants. There was no significant association between consultant experience and any objective outcome. However, sequential analysis suggests there is variation between surgeons in the incidence of Clavien–Dindo events of ≥3b. Performance showed deterioration in one case. Mortality was explicable by cardiac and renal anomalies. Conclusion There are surgeon-level variations in outcomes for the procedure of EA repair, but they are not explained by volume. Surgeon performance can deteriorate. Our study would not support the concept that patient outcomes could be improved by concentrating the provision of this surgery to fewer hospitals or surgeons.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Retention Models in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Impregnation Process Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7106
Author(s):  
Miaotian Sun ◽  
Zeynep Ülker ◽  
Zhixing Chen ◽  
Sivaraman Deeptanshu ◽  
Monika Johannsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Fluid ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Retention Factor ◽  
Retention Mechanism ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Retention Models ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Polar Solutes ◽  
Porous Matrices

The retention factor is the key quantity for the thermodynamic analysis of the retention mechanism in chromatographic experiments. In this work, we measure retention factors for moderately polar solutes on four silica-based porous matrices as stationary phases by supercritical fluid chromatography. Elution of the solutes is only possible with binary mixtures of supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) and modifier (methanol) due to the low polarity of pure sc-CO2. The addition of modifiers makes the retention mechanism more complex and masks interactions between solute and stationary phase. In this work, we develop and validate several retention models that allow the obtaining of retention factors in modifier-free sc-CO2. Such models pave the way for quantifying adsorption interactions between polar solutes and non-swellable porous matrices in pure sc-CO2 based on retention data obtained in sc-CO2/modifier mixtures. The obtained information will thereby facilitate the understanding and design of impregnation processes, which are often performed in modifier-free conditions.

scholarly journals Lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement following a diagnosis of RA: findings from a cohort of 13 961 patients from England

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Burn ◽  
Christopher J Edwards ◽  
David W Murray ◽  
Alan Silman ◽  
Cyrus Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Lifetime Risk ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Score ◽  
Estimate Lifetime Risk ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

Abstract Objective To estimate the lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement following a diagnosis of RA. Methods The analysis was undertaken using routinely collected data from the English NHS. Diagnosis of RA was identified using primary care records, with knee and hip replacement observed in linked hospital records. Parametric survival models were fitted for up to 15 years of follow-up, with age, sex, Charlson comorbidity score, socioeconomic status, BMI and smoking status included as explanatory variables. A decision model was used to combine and extrapolate survival models to estimate lifetime risk. Results The number of individuals with a diagnosis of RA and included in the study was 13 961. Lifetime risk of knee replacement and hip replacement was estimated to be 22% (95% CI: 16, 29%) and 17% (95% CI: 11, 26%) following a diagnosis of RA for the average patient profile (non-smoking women aged 64 with no other comorbidities, BMI of 27 and in the top socioeconomic quintile). Risks were higher for younger patients. Conclusion The lifetime risk of knee and hip replacement for individuals with a diagnosis of RA is approximately double that of the general population. These findings allow for a better understanding of long-term prognosis and healthcare resource use, and highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of perceived coercion among psychiatric patients: literature review and meta-regression modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
James Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Perceived Coercion ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Regression Modelling ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Meta Regression

Aims and methodTo assess how common the subjective experience of coercion is in psychiatric care and what affects its prevalence. A review of published data was undertaken to assess prevalence of coercion and potential confounding variables. The heterogeneity of results was studied using meta-regression to quantify the relative impact of four potential explanatory variables.ResultsThe raw prevalence of perceived coercion ranged from 16 to 90%. A quarter of legally detained patients did not feel coerced into psychiatric care, whereas a quarter of voluntary in-patients reported coercion in care. Coercion was more common in studies outside the USA, among patient populations subject to legal detention and populations studied using the MacArthur Perceived Coercion Scale as opposed to other measures. Timing of the interview was not associated with coercion.Clinical implicationsCoercion in psychiatric care remains highly prevalent but varies widely by study. Consistency in measurement is necessary to allow better comparison between studies.

scholarly journals Cox Piecewise Constant Hazard Model with Bayesian Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Amanda Putri Tiyas Pratiwi ◽  
Sarini Abdullah ◽  
Ida Fithriani
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Method ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Posterior Density ◽  
Hazard Functions ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Baseline Hazard ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Time To Event Data ◽  
Dependent Component ◽  
Main Components

Cox PH model is one of the survival models that is widely used for analyzing time-to-event data. Cox PH model consists of two main components, the baseline hazard consisting of time-dependent component; and the exponential function accomodating explanatory variables. The baseline hazard is not estimated in the Cox PH model, thus not accommodating the need for hazard rate estimation. Therefore, in this paper we discuss the estimation of baseline hazard through piecewise constant hazard using Bayesian method. Gamma distribution is assumed for the piecewise constant baseline hazard, and normal distribution is assumed for the regression coefficient. Sampling from the posterior is conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo through Gibbs sampling. Echocardiogram data containing 106 observations and 6 explanatory variables were used in analysis. The result showed that the baseline hazard functions were estimated and each of parameters in the model is converged as shown by the trace plot and posterior density plot.    

The Terminology of Survival Modeling: An Insight and Alternative Modeling of Student Retention

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Juliah Ratnaningsih ◽  
Asep Saefuddin ◽  
Anang Kurnia ◽  
I Wayan Mangku
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Survival Analysis ◽  
Student Retention ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Survival Models ◽  
Education Student ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Survival Modeling

Student retention is one indicator of accountability in the implementation of educational programs. Achievement of student retention rates indicates the performance of the quality objectives of an institution or college. To get an accurate picture of the factors related to retention, we need to do modeling. The retention variable is the time response variable measured in semester units. One of the statistical analyzes that can be used to analyze response data in time is survival analysis. The selection of an accurate analytical method in modeling will produce valid conclusions and impact making policies that are right and on target. This paper presents alternative modeling of student retention in distance education using survival analysis. The method used is a literature review. This paper also briefly describes distance education, open and distance education, distance education students' characteristics, distance education student retention, and survival models for modeling student retention in distance education.

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