scholarly journals Hyponatremia among Psychiatric Patients Using Antipsychotic Medication in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Olose ◽  
Donald C. Chukwujekwu ◽  
Monday N. Igwe ◽  
Miriam C. Aguocha ◽  
Cecilia O. Busari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Medications

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hyponatremia among psychiatric patients taking antipsychotics, to determine the correlation between serum sodium levels and dosage of medications as well as to determine the association between class of antipsychotic medication and serum sodium levels among patients taking antipsychotic medications. This is a longitudinal study. From 92 consenting antipsychotic na�ve patients who met the inclusion criteria, sociodermographic interview schedule was administered. Thereafter, a single venous blood sample was obtained for serum electrolyte analysis and repeated after 6 weeks. Prevalence of hyponatremia was 19.4%, there was a correlation between hyponatremia and dose of antipsychotic in chlorpromazine equivalent (r = −0.354; p = 0.01), and there is an association between typical antipsychotic use and hyponatremia. The use of both typical and atypical antipsychotic medications can lead to hyponatremia. This is in keeping with previous reports.

scholarly journals A Retrospective Review of Antipsychotic Medications Administered to Psychiatric Patients in a Tertiary Care Pediatric Emergency Department

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Frances Rudolf ◽  
Kathryn Hollenbach ◽  
Keri L. Carstairs ◽  
Shaun D. Carstairs
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pediatric Emergency ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Intramuscular Dose ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Chief Complaints

OBJECTIVES An increasing number of pediatric patients with psychiatric chief complaints present to emergency departments (EDs) nationwide. Many of these patients require treatment with antipsychotic medications to treat agitation. We sought to examine the use of antipsychotic medications in pediatric patients presenting to a tertiary care pediatric ED. METHODS We performed a retrospective electronic medical record review of patients presenting to a tertiary care pediatric hospital from January 2009 through February 2016 with a psychiatric chief complaint who received an antipsychotic medication in the ED. RESULTS A total of 229 patients were identified, 54.1% of whom were male. Mean age was 14.4 ± 2.6 years. Commonly administered medications included olanzapine (51.1%), aripiprazole (26.6%), haloperidol (24.0%), and risperidone (11.8%). Eighty-seven patients (38.0%) were given at least 1 intravenous or intramuscular dose of antipsychotic medication. A total of 113 patients (49.3%) received only 1 antipsychotic medication, 65 (28.4%) received 2, 30 (13.1%) received 3, and 21 (9.2%) received 4 or more antipsychotics. Median length of stay (minutes) increased significantly with increasing number of medications administered (p < 0.001). Length of stay was significantly shorter in patients given only oral medications (675.6 minutes, IQR 418–1194) compared to those given at least one intramuscular or intravenous dose (951 minutes, IQR 454–1652) (p = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective series, the majority of patients were treated with newer oral antipsychotics. Administration of multiple medications was associated with a significantly longer length of stay in the ED, as was parenteral administration of antipsychotics.

Variations in Use of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication by Race Among Adult Psychiatric Patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane M. Herbeck ◽  
Joyce C. West ◽  
Ilze Ruditis ◽  
Farifteh F. Duffy ◽  
Diana J. Fitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotic

scholarly journals Delirium and Antipsychotic Medications at Hospital Intake: Screening to Decrease Likelihood of Aggression in Inpatient Settings Among Unknown Patients With Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Wharton ◽  
Daniel Paulson ◽  
Kimberly Burcher ◽  
Heather Lesch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Inpatient Settings ◽  
Logistic Regressions

For individuals with dementia, disorientation and both external and internal stimuli may trigger behaviors that are difficult to manage or dangerous to health-care providers. Identification of correlational risk factors to aggressive behavior in patients who are unknown to the hospital can allow providers to adapt patient care quickly. Records for patients aged 60+ who spent at least 24 hours at the hospital other than in the psychiatric unit were used (N = 14 080). The first 4000 records and every 10th person who met criteria (N = 5008) were searched for documentation of dementia (n = 505). Logistic regressions and χ2 tests were used to examine relationships between variables. Recognition of delirium ( P = .014, Exp(B) = 2.53), coupled with an existing prescription for antipsychotic medication at intake ( P < .001, Exp(B) < 4.37), may be a reliable means of screening for risk and intervening at the earliest possible contact, improving quality of care and safety in acute care for individuals with dementia.

Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications for treatment of acute cocaine toxicity in animal models – A systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennon Heard ◽  
Nathan R Cleveland ◽  
Shay Krier
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
English Language ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Absolute Risk Reduction ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Cocaine Toxicity

There are no controlled human studies to determine the efficacy of benzodiazepines or antipsychotic medications for prevention or treatment of acute cocaine toxicity. The only available controlled data are from animal models and these studies have reported inconsistent benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the reported efficacy of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medication for the prevention of mortality due to cocaine poisoning. We conducted a systematic review to identify English language articles describing experiments that compared a benzodiazepine or antipsychotic medication to placebo for the prevention of acute cocaine toxicity in an animal model. We then used these articles in a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to quantify the absolute risk reduction observed in these experiments. We found 10 articles evaluating antipsychotic medications and 15 articles evaluating benzodiazepines. Antipsychotic medications reduced the risk of death by 27% (95% CI, 15.2%–38.7%) compared to placebo and benzodiazepines reduced the risk of death by 52% (42.8%–60.7%) compared to placebo. Both treatments showed evidence of a dose-response effect, and no experiment found a statistically significant increase in risk of death. We conclude that both benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications are effective for the prevention of lethality from cocaine toxicity in animal models.

scholarly journals The Evolving Clinical Profile of Atypical Antipsychotic Medications

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F Buckley ◽  
Del D Miller ◽  
Beth Singer ◽  
Karl Donenwirth
Keyword(s):  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic Medications

scholarly journals Appraisal and discernment of prevalent drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Axa Jacob ◽  
Cristin Simon Thomas ◽  
Anay Deore ◽  
Prasanna Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Potential Ddis ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) contribute majorly to hospital admissions, treatment failures, avoidable medical complications and subsequent healthcare costs. Thus, we employ a mechanistic approach to prospectively investigate the incidence of potential DDIs in the psychiatric patients in a clinical setting.Methods: In this prospective, observational, multi centred study conducted for a span of 6 months, psychiatric inpatients (≥18 years) prescribed with 2 or more medications daily for any medical illness were included. The secured prescriptions of the inpatients selected in accordance to the inclusion criteria were then assessed for DDIs using Micromedex(TM) as a standard.Results: Of the total 400 enrolled participants, 383 (95%) of them showed at least one pDDI regardless of the severity. An average of 7.33 interactions per patient was also deduced. A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  Most of the interactions were of major (56.52%) and moderate severity (39.07) followed by contraindicated (2.55) and minor (1.83). Cardiovascular system (41.77%) had the highest potential to be affected due to the pDDIs identified. Trihexyphenidyl, haloperidol, promethazine, amisulpride, risperidone, divalproex, trifluoperazine, olanzapine and clozapine where among the most commonly encountered drugs in these interactions.Conclusions: A high prevalence of pDDIs totalling to 2900 was recorded in our study with an average of 7.33 interactions per patient.  A significant association of the pDDIs with variables such as age, gender, diagnosis and total number of drugs used was identified. More studies are required to explore the overall pattern of DDIs in psychiatric patients along with their levels and correlation with different risk factors. Careful monitoring and documentation are necessary to prevent further complications thereby improving the therapeutic outcome.

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