scholarly journals Effect of salinity on the vegetative characteristics, biomass and chemical content of red mangrove seedlings in the south of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (132) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Moslehi ◽  
Tom Pypker ◽  
Asghar Bijani ◽  
Akram Ahmadi ◽  
Mohammad Hossien Sadeghzade Hallaj
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings

Land-building and Stabilization by Mangroves

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedfrey M. Carlton
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Sea Wall ◽  
Sedimentation Processes

Covering broad areas of tropical shorelines are unique plants known as mangroves, which exhibit several structural and physiological modifications to the saline environment—especially in their root systems. Prop-roots and pneumatophores, two obvious modifications, allow mangroves to play a role in coastal geomorphology, either as land-builders or as stabilizers of substrates derived from classical sedimentation processes.Current data show that: (1) Provided with proper substrates, mangrove seedlings can be raised in the laboratory for later planting in the field, although on exposed beaches success ratios may be low. (2) Larger mangrove plants (1.0–5.0 m in height) may be transplanted with relative ease and appear to succeed with few or no mortalities resulting from the techniques used. (3) Pruning of mangroves appears to be a successful method of mangrove control, allowing their utilization for stabilization around housing developments. (4) Fossil evidence for mangroves as shoreline developers is suggested by the discovery of a fossil mangrove reef off the Miami, Florida, coast. However, submergence of near-by mangrove areas has occurred, as evidenced by sea-grass beds growing above buried peat in the bay bottom. (5) Black Mangroves may be more useful than Red Mangroves as shoreline stabilizers due to their cold-hardiness, ability to tolerate disturbed substrates, and rapid production of pneumatophores. (6) Insect and isopod damage to mangroves has been documented, and it has been suggested by several research workers that such damage may lead to increased erosion of coastlines in many areas of southern and central Florida. In addition, boring activities in Red Mangrove seedlings may result in decreased numbers of seedlings being available for new mangrove growth and colonization. (7) Mangroves have been suggested for use as stabilizers of substrates in conjunction with planned filling and sea wall construction.

How red mangrove seedlings stand up: an answer for Cheeseman (2012)

2012 ◽  
Vol 359 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack B. Fisher ◽  
P. Barry Tomlinson
Keyword(s):  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings

Ecology and Restoration of Mangrove Shorelines in Florida

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard J. Teas
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Shoreline Protection ◽  
Root Parasite ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Research Assistants ◽  
Land Filling ◽  
Restoration Cost

Mangroves play an important role in estuarine ecological systems as well as in shoreline protection. Such large areas of mangroves have been lost by dredging, land-filling, and other means, that it has become important to develop techniques for restoring or replacing them. Such techniques are needed both for the sake of restoring the mangroves as a valuable shoreline habitat and to estimate their monetary value, which must at least equal the restoration cost.It is accordingly suggested that future destruction of mangroves be permitted only if they are subsequently replaced at the same site or at some appropriately developed alternative site.Mangroves have been planted at several sites in Florida, and planting success has been evaluated. Mangroves of several sizes have been planted at a variety of sites that differed in shoreline energy, tidal depth, root-parasite prevalence, substrate type, salinity, and public access. Counts and measurements made after periods of up to 4 years indicated that shoreline energy, tidal depth, and vandalism, were the most important factors limiting mangrove establishment and survival.Planting costs were estimated from collecting and planting by research assistants and from estimates of the price of larger (3-years-old) nursery-grown trees. Planting cost estimates were $462/acre ($1,140/ha) for unrooted Red Mangrove propagules spaced 3 feet (91 cm) apart, $1,017/acre ($2,500/ha) for established Red, Black, or White, Mangrove seedlings spaced 3 feet (91cm) apart; and $87,500/acre ($216,130/ha) for 3-years-old trees of Red, Black, or White, Mangroves spaced 4 feet (123 cm) apart.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF SOME PRE-LAGOONAL HOLOCENE SEDIMENTS IN THE CIÉNAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur D. Cohen ◽  
Hartmut U. Wiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Marsh ◽  
Sediment Surface ◽  
The South ◽  
Dense Sand ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Holocene Sediments ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Nearby Source

An investigation of the pre-lagoonal Holocene sediments from beneath the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia) was undertaken for the purpose of better understanding the paleogeographical and paleoecological conditions of this region before the formation of the lagoon proper. Core and grab samples were collected from the lagoon for stratigraphic observation and analysis in the laboratory. Beneath the recent lagoonal sediments a deposit of peat with intercalated sand and clay was discovered. Its surface lies at a depth of about 2 m below the hydrographic zero level of the lagoon. Three peat samples, obtained from the upper portion of this deposit, were subjected to micropetrographic and pollen analyses. These analyses revealed that, prior to marine inundation, this region was a coastal marsh-swamp complex similar to the Everglades-mangrove region in southern Florida (U. S. A.). Sample "f" , taken closest to the present sea, represents a red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle) dominated zone, which was relatively exposed to tides and waves, so that the energy was great enough to sweep the sediment surface clean of litter. This implies that the Isla de Salamanca, an almost continuous beach barrier between the present-day lagoon and the Caribbean Sea, must not have been as prominent a barrier as it is today, but that a larger inlet existed near the site of formation of this particular peat sample. The next most inland sample " g" represents a mixed mangrove zone which was somewhat less exposed to current scour and which was presumably situated behind and protected by the former zone. The third sample "h" , taken the furthest inland, represents ponded conditions within a slightly brackish to fresh water marsh dominated by leatherleaf fern (Acrostichum aureum) and sedges. This relatively stable zonation of vegetational environments from marine mangrove in the north to fresh water marshes in the south briefly before the termination of peat formation suggests that the transgression which formed the lagoon was so rapid that marine floral communities had no time to migrate inland and cover more of the submerging swamp surface. This assumption is supported by C14 dates which show that the uppermost peat layers were formed approximately 2 400 years ago in the north and 1 900 years ago in the south, so that the transgression over the swamp should not have taken longer than 500 years. It is recognized, however, that the small number of analyzed samples does not permit far-reaching conclusions. Four different species of molluscs encountered in peat and clay samples from a few locations in the northern and southern Ciénaga are typical brackish water species. This is evidence for the early existence of small low-salinity lagoons and creeks within the marsh-swamp setting. Some additional stratigraphic information was obtained by probing with a steel rod capable of penetrating the recent lagoonal sediments as well as the peat. With reference to the water level a shorter depth down to a "firm substrate" (dense sand or indurated clay) was encountered in the southern part of the lagoon than in the rest of the lagoon. This "substrate high" probably represents a submerged lobe of a former subdelta of the Magdalena River. The common association of peat with layers of sand and clay in this region also points to a nearby source for clastics. In general the discharge of sediments into the swamp was sporadic, with long periods during which the rate of clastic sedimentation was low enough to allow the accumulation of relatively pure peats.

How red mangrove seedlings stand up

2012 ◽  
Vol 355 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Cheeseman
Keyword(s):  
Red Mangrove ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings

Presidential Republicanism in the South, 1960

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Cosman
Keyword(s):  
The South

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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