Implementation of Murabahah Contracts in Buying and Selling Housing

Indonesia's economic development related to the demand for housing is increasing. Many indicators can be seen in the community, such as the number of community housing developments. These developments create property business opportunities such as buying and selling housing, especially those that avoid the element of usury so that they look for a sharia buying and selling process, one of which is a murabahah contract. This study aims to determine the implementation of the murabahah contract in buying and selling housing. This research is a descriptive research research based on literature study. Data collection is done by taking from literature sources that are relevant to the research problem. Based on the analysis of various literatures, this study concludes that in the implementation of buying and selling murabahah contracts, it is required that both parties must know the benefits that have been agreed upon and the element of usury is prohibited. In its implementation, it must meet the pillars and conditions according to sharia principles. Traded goods are not included in the categories prohibited by Islamic law. But there are some in the implementation of the murabahah contract, there are some that have been modified related to the murabahah contract.

Wind Conditions at Pedestrian Level in Different Types of Residential Urban Development for a High Degree of Land Use Efficiency

This paper addresses wind conditions in urban building development at the pedestrian level. The article aimed to identify aerodynamic phenomena around three types of multi-family housing developments with different forms and the same urban parameters of building development density (high density was taken into account). The aim of the research was mainly to achieve qualitative results that would lead to understanding fundamental processes and phenomena. Wind tunnel experimental studies were conducted on physical models at a scale of 1: 400 using visualization and erosion methods. These experiments yielded data regarding the arrangement of airflow directions and changes in airflow velocity, expressed as the amplification coefficient (α), the occurrence of which was caused by the presence of buildings. An analysis was conducted concerning wind conditions that constitute pedestrian comfort and influence the possibility for ventilation of spaces between buildings for the three selected models. The research results were compared, and an attempt was made to assess the most beneficial and the least favorable building development types in this respect.

How to Prep a Hāngī: A Framework for End User Engagement Within the Design Process

<p>Observations over recent years of New Zealand architectural practice indicate that there is growing interest in tikanga Māori in architecture and design practice. With significant opportunities now available to support Māori in realising their housing and infrastructural aspirations, there is much discussion surrounding the role of the architect, and how they conduct themselves when working with mana whenua (partisan identifiable tribal groups who hold customary authority over Māori freehold land). Most agree that working with mana whenua requires a collaborative approach, added to that, an approach that sees significant end user engagement. To this affect, end user engagement within the design process is the primary subject of the research. The largely Māori settlement of Kohupātiki is the proposed site for this research. Given the interests of this research and its focus on Māori communities, it is quite appropriate that Kohupātiki be the selected site to drive this research. The community is made up of 4 main families; the Rapanas, Chadwicks, Punas, and Broughtons, all of whom have a vested (customary) interest in the site as it is potentially about to undergo significant transformations over the next 10-20 years. Some of these transformations include the improvement of road access to the site, the development of a series of Papakāinga (housing developments on Māori land), and a number of refurbishments to significant communal facilities located on the site’s Marae settlement. These developments offer significant opportunities for architectural and landscape intervention, and will serve as a vehicle to drive a participatory design process.</p>

How to Prep a Hāngī: A Framework for End User Engagement Within the Design Process

<p>Observations over recent years of New Zealand architectural practice indicate that there is growing interest in tikanga Māori in architecture and design practice. With significant opportunities now available to support Māori in realising their housing and infrastructural aspirations, there is much discussion surrounding the role of the architect, and how they conduct themselves when working with mana whenua (partisan identifiable tribal groups who hold customary authority over Māori freehold land). Most agree that working with mana whenua requires a collaborative approach, added to that, an approach that sees significant end user engagement. To this affect, end user engagement within the design process is the primary subject of the research. The largely Māori settlement of Kohupātiki is the proposed site for this research. Given the interests of this research and its focus on Māori communities, it is quite appropriate that Kohupātiki be the selected site to drive this research. The community is made up of 4 main families; the Rapanas, Chadwicks, Punas, and Broughtons, all of whom have a vested (customary) interest in the site as it is potentially about to undergo significant transformations over the next 10-20 years. Some of these transformations include the improvement of road access to the site, the development of a series of Papakāinga (housing developments on Māori land), and a number of refurbishments to significant communal facilities located on the site’s Marae settlement. These developments offer significant opportunities for architectural and landscape intervention, and will serve as a vehicle to drive a participatory design process.</p>

De-colonising the right to housing, one new city at a time: Seeing housing development from Palestine/Israel

The right to housing is generally understood as a local struggle against the global commodification of housing. While useful for recognising overarching urbanisation processes, such understanding risks washing over the distinctive politics that produce the housing crisis and its ostensible solutions in different contexts around the globe. Situated in a settler-colonial context, this paper bridges recent comparative urban studies with Indigenous narratives of urbanisation, to re-think housing crisis solutions from the point of view of the colonised. Based on in-depth interviews with Palestinian citizens of Israel, the paper compares two cases of state-initiated, privatised housing developments, one in Israel and one in the Occupied Palestinian Territories: the new cities Tantour and Rawabi. Each case is examined as a singularity, distinctive formations of the spatialities of Zionist settlement in Palestine, which are now being transformed through privatised housing development. The paper presents these developments as mutually constituted through a colonial-settler project and Palestinian sumud resistance, the praxis of remaining on the land. The paper utilises comparison as a strategy, exploring each new city in turn, to reveal the range of directions in sumud. Thus, by seeing housing development as site for negotiating de-colonisation on the ground, the paper contributes to recent debates over the power of comparative urbanism to re-think global phenomena through treating urban terrains as singularities.

Add, Transform, and Utilize. Possibilities of Applying Druot, Lacaton, and Vassal’s Modernization Strategies and Solutions in Polish Large-Panel Housing Estates

In 2004, in response to France’s 1960s and 1970s urban regeneration program proposing the demolition and redevelopment of large scale social housing developments, Frédérik Druot, Anne Lacaton, and Jean-Philippe Vassal created their PLUS theory (PLUS—Les grands ensembles de logements–Territoires d’exception). Its main aim was to modernize the existing buildings, and to add extra living space, functional freedom, and comfort. This essay examines the PLUS strategy and two of the architects’ projects: the Bois le Prêtre Tower in Paris and the Grand Parc housing estate in Bordeaux. Its aim is to examine the tools used by the architects and investigate the purposefulness and potential of using their solutions in Polish large-scale prefabricated housing estates. Combining the categories of luxury and saving in redevelopment of housing estates paves the way for a new outlook. Maximizing living space, quality, and freedom of living in housing facilities that are not part of the commercial luxury segment of the housing market may prevent potential gentrification and homogenization of the social structure in individual city districts.

Designing a sustainable, medium density housing solution that is an affordable alternative for developers

<p>It has been acknowledged that there is a housing crisis in New Zealand (NZ), particularly in the large urban centres (Hulse, 2015). As a solution, medium density housing developments are becoming more prevalent. However, these developments are controversial in a country that prides itself on its generous housing and open spaces. Sustainability is also an issue in the NZ architectural environment. NZ is a small country isolated in the South Pacific, so ‘sustainable’ materials must often be imported, this long-distance transportation increasing their cost as well as their carbon footprint. Many products also reference ‘green washing’, with companies misleading consumers into believing their product is environmentally friendly (EnviroMedia Social Marketing, 2017). Legitimately sustainable technologies and materials are often seen as unaffordable, and people (particularly property developers) are not prepared to consider eco-friendly building practices if they do not believe they will get an economic return for their investment. Because of these factors, New Zealand does not have a dynamic and sustainable medium density housing vernacular. The current research addresses these issues by seeking out materials and technologies for use in a theoretical medium density housing development. The project focuses on finding innovative and sustainable potential solutions for architects, developers, property buyers, and wider community stakeholders. It argues that architectural materials and processes should aim to fit as closely as possible within cradle-to-cradle frameworks involving closed loop production, construction and reuse systems (Braungart & McDonough, 2010).</p>

Sense of Home

<p>Quality atmospheric conditions and the ability to empower residents has been overlooked in recent social housing developments as they have been strongly economically focused. The demand for inner city social housing within New Zealand has been a pressing issue since the first worker’s dwellings were built in Petone. Social housing residents are known for their comparatively low incomes and high needs, but this should not mean that they have to dwell in a different standard of housing from other income earners. Social housing is a reality for a growing portion of our society in New Zealand; the location and quality of housing should not be defined by social stigma and hierarchy. Architecture as a discipline has unique potential to critique existing social housing standards and create diversity of atmosphere that evoke a sense of empowerment amongst residents. This research explores the manipulation of hybrid prefabrication systems, with the aim of empowering social housing residents through diverse atmospheric conditions.</p>

Designing a sustainable, medium density housing solution that is an affordable alternative for developers

<p>It has been acknowledged that there is a housing crisis in New Zealand (NZ), particularly in the large urban centres (Hulse, 2015). As a solution, medium density housing developments are becoming more prevalent. However, these developments are controversial in a country that prides itself on its generous housing and open spaces. Sustainability is also an issue in the NZ architectural environment. NZ is a small country isolated in the South Pacific, so ‘sustainable’ materials must often be imported, this long-distance transportation increasing their cost as well as their carbon footprint. Many products also reference ‘green washing’, with companies misleading consumers into believing their product is environmentally friendly (EnviroMedia Social Marketing, 2017). Legitimately sustainable technologies and materials are often seen as unaffordable, and people (particularly property developers) are not prepared to consider eco-friendly building practices if they do not believe they will get an economic return for their investment. Because of these factors, New Zealand does not have a dynamic and sustainable medium density housing vernacular. The current research addresses these issues by seeking out materials and technologies for use in a theoretical medium density housing development. The project focuses on finding innovative and sustainable potential solutions for architects, developers, property buyers, and wider community stakeholders. It argues that architectural materials and processes should aim to fit as closely as possible within cradle-to-cradle frameworks involving closed loop production, construction and reuse systems (Braungart & McDonough, 2010).</p>

Immensity - An Exploration of Emphasis in Kapiti Quarry

<p>Quarries are powerful. They are full of energy. They are vast. However, what happens when they are exhausted? What happens when the excavations cease and they begin to decay? This thesis is an investigation into how Kapiti Quarry’s post-industrial landscape can be redeveloped. Quarries are often repurposed, remediated and redeveloped in three ways. They are filled with water to become a lake. They are built upon to create housing developments. They are filled up with sculpted vegetation to become a garden. This thesis is an investigation into how Kapiti Quarry’s powerful landscape can be characterised, emphasised and designed. The thesis contains a series of design experiments that examine how the landscape scale interacts with the human scale, how small interventions can create moments of emphasis, how framing and viewports highlight the landscape, and how large interventions interact with their surroundings. These experiments come together to develop the post-industrial quarry while emphasising the quarry’s key characteristic of immensity.</p>