Soil bioassay studies with time interval and spore density factors affecting the infection of Meloidogyne javanica by Pasteuria penetrans

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Darban ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Bioassay

Factors affecting the adhesion of micro-organisms to the surfaces of plant-parasitic nematodes

Parasitology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Bird ◽  
Ingrid Bonig ◽  
A. Bacic
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Con A ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pas Staining ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Dauer Larvae

SummaryThe influence of various agents on the adhesion of endospores of Pasteuria penetrans to the nematode Meloidogyne javanica was studied. Similarly, but to a lesser degree, we have also studied the adhesion of conidia of the fungus Dilophospora alopecuri and the coryneform bacterium Clavibacter sp. (syn. Corynebacterium rathayi) to the nematode Anguina agrostis (syn. A. funesta). Reduction in the degree of both spore and conidial attachment following their pre-treatment with periodate and the presence of PAS staining material on spores, conidia and bacteria implicated carbohydrate in these interactions. Tests involving both unbound and FITC-bound lectins demonstrated that wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) can inhibit the degree of attachment of P. penetrans to M. javanica and that this inhibition can be overcome by pre-treatment of the lectin with N, N′-diacetyl chitobiose. Endospores of P. penetrans, amphid and buccal secretions of 2nd-stage larvae of M. javanica and the cuticle and excretory pore secretions of 2nd-stage dauer larvae of A. agrostis bound WGA, indicating that accessible N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues are present on these structures. Endospores of P. penetrans also bound Con A, indicating the presence of accessible α-D-glucose/α-D-mannose residues on their surface.

scholarly journals Financing Growth through Remittances and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidences from Balkan Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Esmeralda Jushi ◽  
Eglantina Hysa ◽  
Arjona Cela ◽  
Mirela Panait ◽  
Marian Catalin Voica
Keyword(s):  
Developing Economies ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

The ultimate goal of central banks, worldwide, is to promote the foundations for sustainable economic growth. In the case of developing economies, in particular, such objective requires time, huge efforts, attention, and plenty of resources in order to be accomplished to the fullest degree. This paper thoroughly investigates key factors affecting Balkan countries’ economic development (as measured by gross domestic product (GDP) growth), focusing especially on the impact of remittances. The analysis was done over an 18-year time interval (2000–2017) and builds on 144 observations. The data figures were retrieved from the World Bank database while two dummies were created to test the impact of the last financial crisis (2008–2012). Econometric tools were employed to carry out a broad analysis on the interdependencies that exist and, in particular, to determine the role of remittance income on growth. The vector auto regressive model was estimated using EViews software, and was used to come up with relevant insights. Empirical findings suggest the following: population growth, remittances, and labor force participation are insignificant factors for sustainable growth. On the other hand, previous levels of GDP, trade, and foreign direct investments (FDIs) appear to be relevant for the predictor. This research provides up-to-date conclusions, which can be considered during the decision-making process of central banks, as well as by government policymakers.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted System in Stress Radiography for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury with Correspondent Evaluation of Relevant Diagnostic Factors

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Chien-Kuo Wang ◽  
Liang-Ching Lin ◽  
Yung-Nien Sun ◽  
Cheng-Shih Lai ◽  
Chia-Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Tibial Translation ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Stress Radiography ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Anterior Tibial ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Tibial Translation

We sought to design a computer-assisted system measuring the anterior tibial translation in stress radiography, evaluate its diagnostic performance for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear, and assess factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy. Retrospective research for patients with both knee stress radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at our institution was performed. A complete ACL rupture was confirmed on an MRI. The anterior tibial translations with four different methods were measured in 249 patients by the designed algorithm. The diagnostic accuracy of each method in patients with all successful measurements was evaluated. Univariate logistic regression analysis for factors affecting diagnostic accuracy of method four was performed. In the inclusive 249 patients, 177 patients (129 with completely torn ACLs) were available for analysis. Mean anterior tibial translations were significantly increased in the patients with a completely torn ACL by all four methods, with diagnostic accuracies ranging from 66.7% to 75.1%. The diagnostic accuracy of method four was negatively associated with the time interval between stress radiography and MRI as well as force-joint distance on stress view, and not significantly associated with age, gender, flexion angle, intercondylar distance, and force-joint angle. A computer-assisted system measuring the anterior tibial translation in stress radiography showed acceptable diagnostic performance of complete ACL injury. A shorter time interval between stress radiography and MRI as well as shorter force-joint distance were associated with higher diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals The anthochron as a building block of flower development

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-904
Author(s):  
Nereu Augusto Streck ◽  
Natalia Teixeira Schwab
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Simple Linear Regression ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Opening Phase

Abstract: Plant vegetative development has been widely described using the phyllochron concept, but little effort has been made to describe flower development during the reproductive phase. The objective of this work was to present the anthochron, through a review of the literature, as a building block of flower development, mainly during the flower opening phase. The anthochron is the time interval needed for two subsequent flowers to achieve the same developmental stage, with units of time in days or in ºC day per flower. The concept of anthochron fulfills part of the lack of studies on flower development, since it is considered a building block of the flower opening process. The anthochron can be measured from field experiments or estimated by a simple linear regression analysis. So far, the anthochron has only been quantified in Gladiolus x grandiflorus Hort. Therefore, factors affecting the anthochron still need to be determined in order to pinpoint their effect on the flower opening rate.

Factors affecting the reliability of the McMaster technique

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Dunn ◽  
Anne Keymer
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Dilution Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Sample Dilution ◽  
Normal Laboratory

ABSTRACTFactors detraction from the reliability of faecal egg counts based on the McMaster technique include variation in flotation time (interval between loading chamber and counting eggs) and sample dilution (ratio of faecal material to salt solution). We recommend standardization of both these variables as normal laboratory procedure, and propose optima of a 30 minute flotation time and a sample dilution of 15 ml salt solution/ g faeces for use of the McMaster technique in the estimation of the fecundity of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda).

scholarly journals Elastic, inelastic and time constant measurement for M102 (AL–C–O) dispersions-reinforced aluminum alloys

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Khaleel Abushgair
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Strain Range ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Bulk Content

Purpose. To conduct an experimental study on M102 aluminum alloy bulk content characterization under cyclic loadings for precision applications such as balance machines, optical, and laser instruments. M102 (AL-C-O) dispersion-reinforced aluminum alloy was chosen because of its ability to withstand temperatures beyond 200C and has a better strength than precipitation-hardened Al alloys at room temperature. A CNC milling machine is used to manufacture test samples with longitudinal machining directions. A constant time interval is set for the fabric a quarter-hour span, which is based on the investigation of inelastic and plastic deformations in the nanoscale. Methodology. An electromagnetic test instrument applies a tensile stress range of 10 to 145 N/mm2 to samples with particular shape. It should be noted that interferometers and capacitive sensors were used to measure all forms of deformations with and without loading. The experiments are carried out in a temperature-stable environment of 30.5 C; measurements are taken within a residual strain range of 10 microns. Findings. The results obtained show that results for inelastic deformations for samples of longitudinal cuts direction at 30.5 C were measured under 150 N/mm2 stress as 500 nm inelastic deformation and 100 nm plastic deformation were measured, which is much higher than aluminum alloy studied before at room temperature (20 C). Furthermore, it was found that the time constant of the M102 (ALCO) aluminum alloy samples was double times higher than that for other samples, Originality. For the first time, a study has been conducted on inelastic and plastic deformations in the nanoscale for characterization of M102 aluminum alloy bulk content under cyclic loadings for precision applications. Practical value. One of the main factors affecting the using of other materials than steel in precision applications such as balance machines, optical, and laser instruments is measurement and determination of inelastic, plastic and time constant of the process of delamination of materials of different aluminum alloys since they are nonmagnetic, are easily machined and shaped. This will bring new products and opportunities for these materials.

scholarly journals Determination of Critically Objects of Electric Power Systems from the Position of Energy Security

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 03009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Krupenev
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
The Given

The paper deal the problem of definition and ranking of critical objects (CO) in electric power systems (EPS). The identification of the CO is necessary for the timely adoption of measures to organize the provision of the required level of energy security of the region where the object is location. The adequacy model is used for determine the critical objects of EPS, within the framework of which the simulation of the functioning of EPS during the given time interval is carried out, taking into account the main random factors affecting its operation. Approbation of the proposed approach is presented on the interconnected power system.

The isolation of a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans and its pathogenicity on Meloidogyne javanica

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Trotter ◽  
Daim Ali Darban ◽  
Simon R. Gowen ◽  
Alistair H. Bishop ◽  
Barbara Pembroke
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Parental Population ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Mass Line ◽  
Single Spore Isolate ◽  
Spore Population

Abstract We have obtained a single spore isolate of Pasteuria penetrans, derived by allowing a single spore to attach to a secondstage juvenile (J2) of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. By analysing DNA sequences at three different loci we have obtained evidence that the isolate is, indeed, genetically pure. We compared the ability of the single spore isolate and the parent population from which it was selected to attach to and parasitise both the original population of M. javanica on which it was isolated and a single egg mass line derived from it. There was no difference in the attachment of spores of the single spore isolate to juveniles compared to the parental population, although there were higher numbers of both attaching to J2 of the single egg mass line compared to its parental population. Judging from the numbers of egg masses and Pasteuria -infected females, the single spore isolate was less pathogenic to the parental population of M. javanica than was the parental spore population.

scholarly journals Attachment of Pasteuria penetrans spores on populations of Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita virulent and avirulent on the Mi gene of resistant tomato

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tzortzakakis
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Pasteuria Penetrans ◽  
Mi Gene ◽  
Spore Attachment

AbstractSpore attachment of three Pasteuria penetrans isolates was assessed on juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica populations from Greece. The nematode populations differed in their ability to reproduce on tomatoes with the Mi gene, conferring resistance to rootknot nematodes. The numbers of attached spores did not discriminate virulent from avirulent populations within each species. The differences in attachment rates probably reflect the specificity of Pasteuria penetrans to different Meloidogyne populations of the same species, within a country or even the same area.

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