Diazotization-azo coupling reaction of alphnaphthol over silica-sulfaric acid catalyst

Using agrowaste as a source of recycled materials is a hot topic among experts and technologists these days. Waste materials can be converted into energy and new products by using them. As a rice waste, rice husk (RH) is a rich source of pure silica that is recyclable. The pure silica in RH was sulfonated by agitating and reacting it with diluted sulfuric acid. Various sulfate concentrations were loaded on silica (5, 10, 15, and 20%), andthe catalyst was designated as RHASO4. As the sulfate content increased, the specific surface area decreased. TEM analysis showed different forms of catalyst, including spherical, cylindrical, and fibbered forms. The catalyst was used for the in-situ generation of nitrose acid to prepare a diazonium salt for aromatic coupling reactions. Our experiment indicates that azo dyes can be produced at 68 percent over the catalyst at 10 degrees Celsius, while traditional catalysts cannot produce them above 5 degrees Celsius. For the highest yield of azo dyes, a 20% sulfate loading is optimum. A simple laboratory procedure is followed to reuse a catalyst without deteriorating its properties.

Lanthanum Oxide Obtention from Different Spent Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

An laboratory procedure has been developed to obtain lanthanum oxide from spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst, commonly used in the cracking the heavy crude oil process. Two different spent fluid catalytic cracking catalysts, which are mainly formed by silica and alumina, and a certain amount of rare earths were leached under several conditions to recover the rare earth from the solids waste. Subsequently, liquid phases were subjected to a liquid-liquid extraction process, and lanthanum was quantitatively stripped using oxalic acid to obtain the corresponding lanthanum oxalates. After the corresponding thermal treatment, these solids were transformed into lanthanum oxide. Both, lanthanum oxalates and oxides solids have been characterized by wide techniques in order to investigate the purity of the phases.

Serum Complement Protein C3a Level is Associated With Anti dsDNA Ab in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a Brief Report

Objective. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by complement dysfunction and a wide range of autoantibody production. However, data about the relation between C3a and anti-ds DNA Ab in SLE are scarce. Methods.Thirteen SLE patients, diagnosed on the basis of SLICC classification criteria (6 patients positive for anti-Sm Ab, 7 patients positive for anti-dsDNA Ab) were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of C3a, C1q were quantified by Western Blotting. Clinical, biochemical, serological and other markers of disease activity (anti-SM, anti-dsDNA) were measured by standard laboratory procedure.Results.Serum C3a levels were significantly higher in anti-dsDNA Ab (+) patients compared to anti-Sm Ab (+) patients (p < 0.01). And serum C3a levels positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) (p < 0.05, r = 0.6134). Interestingly, C3a was slightly correlated positively with D-Dimer, but no significant difference was found (p = 0.0983, r = 0.4783).Conclusion.C3a level is relative to SLE disease activity and may be a promising biomarker for monitoring thrombophilia in SLE.

“Robust and Rapid” UV Spectroscopic Method for Estimation of Luliconazoleand Clobetasol Propionate Drug Combination

Objective: The new combination for Luliconazole and Clobetasol Propionate was approved for the treatment of variety of skin disease. The main objective of this research is development and validation of novel, simple, fast and responsive derivative spectroscopic process for simultaneous estimation of newly approved combination Luliconazole (LLZ) and Clobetasol Propionate (CLP). Methodology: Here in this first derivative spectroscopic method, the absorbance of LLZ and CLP was taken at 312nm (ZCP of CLP) and 249nm (ZCP of LLZ) respectively. Establishment of linearity was in a concentration varies from 10-50 µg/ml for Luliconazole and 5-25µg/ml for Clobetasole Propionate. Results: From the method developed above the R2 value observed for LLZ and CLP is 0.9988 and 0.9961. Statistical validation of accuracy and reproducibility was done for planned procedure with the help of recovery studies. The mean % recovery of Luliconazole and Clobetasol Propionate was found to be 99.45 % and 99.43% respectively. For LLZ the Limit of detection is 0.0054 µg/ml and limit of quantification is 0.0164 µg/ml and for CLP the Limit of detection is 0.0009µg/ml and limit of quantification 0.0027µg/ml. Conclusion: From research work the method development was done and shows fast, precise, exact and easily accessible laboratory procedure for routine evaluation of combination drugs.

Laboratory interpretative comments and guidance: clinical and operative outcomes on moderate to severe hyponatraemia patient management

AimsHyponatraemia is the most common body fluid disorders but often goes unnoticed. Our laboratory incorporated a standardised procedure to help clinicians detect moderate/severe hyponatraemia. The study aims were to evaluate the outcomes on patient care and clinicians’ satisfaction.MethodsThe study, observational and retrospective, included 1839 cases, adult and paediatric patients, with sodium concentration <130 mmol/L. The procedure consisted of interpretative comments in the emergency and core laboratories report and the point-of-care testing blood gas network report. We evaluated hyponatraemia length in two equal periods: before and after the implementation. We conducted a survey addressed to the staff of the clinical settings involved to know their satisfaction.ResultsThe median hyponatraemia length decreased significantly from 4.95 hours (2.08–16.57) in the first period to 2.17 hours (1.06–5.39) in the second period. The lack of hyponatraemia patients follow-up was significantly less after the procedure implementation. The survey was answered by 92 (60 senior specialists and 32 residents) out of 110 clinicians surveyed. Ninety of them (98%) answered positively.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the reduction in the time for diagnosing and management by physicians, the higher uniformity in the time required to solve hyponatraemia episodes following our laboratory procedure and the clinicians’ satisfaction.

A Laboratory Procedure to Facilitate Color Conscious Racial Socialization Methods Among White Parents in the U.S.

For years, White U.S. parents have strived to raise colorblind children, yet mounting evidence indicates that color conscious racial socialization is needed to cultivate an anti-racist orientation. The current work evaluates a new semi-structured laboratory procedure to facilitate color conscious racial socialization in 87 White parent-child (8-12-year-olds) dyads. Contrasting with prior research, qualitative findings revealed that most parents used racial labels and color conscious racial socialization methods. However, a subset of parents pushed back against the color conscious guidance, encouraging racial ignorance or external attributions for racist behaviors. This work highlights promising evidence of a means for facilitating color conscious socialization in White families, and additional intervention targets for future efforts to foster anti- racism in White families.

Empirical Estimation of Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rock: Database of Simple, Multiple, and Artificial Intelligence-Based Regressions

Empirical relationships for estimating Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rock from other rock properties are numerous in literature. This is because the laboratory procedure for determination of UCS from compression tests is cumbersome, time consuming, and often considered expensive, especially for small to medium-sized mining engineering projects. However, these empirical models are scattered in literature, making it difficult to access a considerable number of them when there is need to select empirical model for estimation of UCS. This often leads to bias in estimated UCS data as there may be underestimation or overestimation of UCS, because of the site-specific nature of rock properties. Therefore, this study develops large database of empirical relationships between UCS and other rock properties that are reported in literatures. Statistical analysis was performed on the regression equations in the database developed. The typical ranges and mean of data used in developing the regressions, and the range and mean of their R2 values were evaluated and summarised. Most of the regression equations were found to be developed from reasonable quantity of data with moderate to high R2 values. The database can be easily assessed to select appropriate regression equation when there is need to estimate UCS for a specific site.

Hydraulics Lab Manual

Hydraulics provides a foundation for students who specialize in the field of Water Resources Engineering. This lab manual will deal with application of basic principles of fluids at rest and in motion for analysis and design of hydraulic systems and will provide an advanced understanding of fluid mechanics, open channel flow, pipe flow, water pumps, and some engineering applications of these concepts. This lab manual is the basic laboratory procedure of fluid movement in pipes and open channel. This Lab will implement an active learning laboratory environment to assess students’ understanding and while covering experiments of pipe and open channel flow. Practical engineering problems and design applications will be emphasized.