Protection of the subsoil of the continental shelf of Ukraine by international and national instrumentalities

Purpose. Identification of international and national mechanisms for protection of the subsoil of the continental shelf of Ukraine and provision of scientifically sound recommendations for improving the legal regulation of their application. Methodology. During the study, the dialectical method was used to learn the essence of such a phenomenon as the protection of the subsoil of the continental shelf; the system-structural method when analyzing objective and subjective features of the crime under Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; the comparative-and-legal method in the study on the sanction of Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine; the logical and dogmatic method when developing recommendations for improving legal norms. Findings. As a result of the study, mechanisms of protection of the continental shelf of Ukraine were determined. The necessity of improvement of the legislative base regulating the order of their realization is proved. Originality. The international legal and national mechanisms of state protection of the continental shelf of Ukraine are determined. In order to improve the state protection of the continental shelf, legislative changes to Part 1 of Art. 26 of the Subsoil Code of Ukraine, Part 2 of Art. 244 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and Part 2 of Art. 216 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine are suggested. Practical value. Proposals to improve the current legislation of Ukraine are presented aimed at improving the efficiency of the State Service of Geology and Subsoil of Ukraine, the National Police, the Security Service of Ukraine and the judiciary to protect the subsoil of the continental shelf of Ukraine from illegal use by foreign companies.

Dynamic loads in self-aligning gear transmissions of heavy loaded machines

Purpose. Development of a mathematical model of a heavy loaded gear transmission with a self-aligning drive gear; evaluation of the dynamic load on the gear transmission in the gear alignment process. Methodology. The calculation schematic and equations of the relative motion of the self-aligning drive gear are formed using the methods of rigid body dynamics. Analytical expressions for the gear self-alignment time, collision velocity during the alignment and dynamic load factor are obtained by integrating an ordinary differential equation. Methods of the linear theory for oscillations are used to determine the dynamic factor. Findings. The article investigates the state-of-art design and mathematical models of the self-aligning gear. An equation for the relative motion of the moving part of the gear has been formed using the methods of rigid body dynamics. It is shown that by using the proposed hypotheses, the movement of the gear can be reduced to rotation about the instantaneous axis. The influence of geometric and dynamic parameters of the ball mill drive on dynamic loads in the open gear transmission is investigated. The gear alignment speed dependences on the tooth mesh misalignment angle in the gear transmission and the inertial parameters of the gear have been obtained. The obtained dependencies were used to calculate the time and speed of the gear alignment in the open gear transmission of the ball mill 5.5 6.5 (central discharge ball mill). It is shown that in the real range of mesh misalignment angles and gear parameters, the time of the gear alignment is several orders of magnitude less than the time of teeth re-engagement. In the presence of the variable component of the mesh misalignment angle, the gear will constantly make a relative motion with strikes; depending on the current value of the mesh misalignment angle, the dynamic load on the gear transmission can be significant. It is shown that when assessing the efficacy of self-aligning gears, it is necessary to take into account a possible increase in dynamic loads. The dynamic factor and the load factor are calculated for the nominal value of the mesh misalignment angle in the open gear transmission of 5.5 6.5 ball mills. Originality. A mathematical model of the dynamics of a self-aligning gear transmission in heavy duty machine drives has been developed. A quantitative assessment of internal dynamic load factor in an open gear transmission of 5.5 6.5 ball mills has been carried out. Practical value. A method for determining the dynamic component of the load on a gear transmission containing a self-aligning drive gear has been developed.

Coefficient of local loss of mechanical energy of the flow for a ­mixture of charge materials

Purpose. To determine the dependence of the coefficient of local losses of mechanical energy of flow of a two-component mixture of charge material on its depth, content of components, and average equivalent diameter of particles in the case of their free-dispersed motion. Methodology. The value of the coefficient of local losses of mechanical energy was determined by the value of the hydraulic resistance of the fluid during its movement in open channels and pipes. In this paper, methods were used of comparative analysis, mathematical modeling and forecasting of dynamic processes in the flow of granular material. Findings. Based on the results of theoretical studies, a mathematical model was obtained, the use of which allows calculating the coefficient of local losses of mechanical energy for the flow of a two-component mixture of charge materials with agglomerate particle sizes from 15 to 50 mm, pellets from 6 to 12 mm, coke from 10 to 60 mm. The developed model with satisfactory accuracy makes it possible to evaluate the movement of the charge from the indicated materials along the paths of the charging devices of blast furnaces at a speed in the range from 1.5 to 20 m/s and to determine the trajectories of the mixture of charge materials on the top with an accuracy of 0.2 m. It is noted that the calculation of the above coefficient by the known techniques is not accurate enough, which is associated with the uncertainty in the choice of a single average equivalent diameter of the particles of the two-component charge. Comparative analysis of the developed model with the known models and experimental data indicates that the accuracy of calculating the dynamic parameters of a two-component flow of charge materials using the developed model increases by 510% in comparison with calculations using the previously known models. Originality. For the first time, regularities of changes in the coefficient of internal mechanical losses of a two-component flow of charge materials from its depth, content of components, average equivalent particle diameters when moving along the paths of charging devices of blast furnaces have been established. Practical value. Mathematical dependencies have been developed and can be used to determine the technological parameters of the charge of a modern blast furnace with different characteristics of the granulometry of the charge and the ratios of its components. This will increase the accuracy of predicting the course of the process under consideration, the degree of automation of the control systems for the technological process of the charge supply of blast furnaces, will make it possible to use expensive charge materials more efficiently, reduce energy consumption and reduce the harmful impact on the environment.

Predicting changes in the sulfur content during steam coal preparation and the level of sulfur dioxide emissions when its combustion

Purpose. Development of a method and forecast estimation of sulfur dioxide emission reduction during combustion of steam coal by regulating its quality during coal preparation. Methodology. Study on sulfur content in coal using sieve, fractional analysis, analysis of ash and total sulfur content. Forecasting of sulfur content in concentrate according to the developed calculation method. Production tests at the coal preparation plant. Forecasting of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized coal combustion according to the developed calculation method. Findings. The distribution of sulfur content of Ukrainian steam bituminous coal by size classes depending on ash content is investigated; the proximity of sulfur content to the linear dependance on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The calculations of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized combustion of coal and its cleaned products taking into account their elemental composition is performed, and the linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the total sulfur content to lower heating value (LHV) ratio is proved. Based on the obtained results, methods are developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the concentrate and the forecasted level of SO2 emissions during its combustion; the optimal depth of preparation for the coal from various mines is determined by the criterion of compliance of the SO2 emission level with the current environmental standards. Originality. Proximity of the sulfur content to the linear dependence on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the ratio of the total sulfur content to LHV during pulverized combustion of coal and its clean products is proved. Practical value. A method has been developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the products of coal preparation by jigging, taking into account the allowable content of the high-density fraction in the concentrate and adding dense slimes to the coal preparation products. A method has been developed for determining the predicted level of SO2 emissions during their combustion. The optimal depth of the coal preparation for coal from various mines has been determined by the criterion of compliance of the level of SO2 emissions with the current environmental standards.

Assessment of the ecological risk of pollution of soil and bottom sediments in the Ukrainian Danube region

Purpose. The paper deals with assessment of the ecological risks of pollution of soil at the sites where unusable plant protection chemicals are stored, and of the bottom sediments in the Ukrainian section of the Danube and in the Danube region lakes. Methodology. The applied analytical methods and synthesis of the data obtained while monitoring the studied objects, comparing data, logical generalization and analogies in combination with expert appraisals and monographic and graphical analytic studies. Findings. It was concluded that the condition of land resources of the Danube region of Ukraine is unsatisfactory. The risk of the soil ecosystem instability in the majority of the region areas is assessed as high. The monitoring data pertaining to the sites where unusable plant protection chemicals are stored indicate that the maximum permissible concentrations of certain pollutants surpass the standards by 5.032.0 times. The ecological condition of soils is assessed as medium bad while the risks are at the level varying between considerable to high. The ecological condition of bottom sediments in the Lower Danube is assessed as satisfactory, except in Kuhurlui, Yalpuh and Kytai Lakes where it is unsatisfactory. The ecological risk level in the Ukrainian section of the Danube and in the Danube region ranges from high to considerable. Originality. For the first time ever, for the Danube region of Ukraine a comprehensive assessment of the ecological risk of soil pollution, which included assessment of the risk of instability of the soil ecosystem resulting from storage of unusable plant protection chemicals, was performed. The integral assessment of the bottom sediment pollution was made for the site located between Reni town and the Danube estuary, and in Danube Lakes. Analysis of the existing methodologies for assessment of the ecological risk of soil and bottom sediment pollution enabled to develop and apply recommendations how to use indicator values describing the ecological condition with due account of the physical degradation and pollution criteria. Practical value. The obtained results can be used for the development of a strategy of effective and sustainable management of the Ukrainian Danube regions natural resources based upon the instruments and mechanisms aimed at solution of the social and economic development problems bearing in mind possible impact of the destabilizing factors.

The optimal method for assessing gas reserves based on the calculation of gas hydrodynamic parameters

Purpose. Development of a new methodology for calculating gas reserves for gas wells of any productivity. Methodology. The calculation method was developed using the theoretical provisions of gas dynamics. It is based on the actual data from the study on gas wells in one developed mode. Findings. For the first time, a methodology for calculating gas reserves was proposed during the development of one study mode. In parallel with the calculation of gas reserves, the possibility of analytical calculation of a significant number of gas-hydrodynamic parameters opens up. Originality. The developed methods for calculating the value of the initial gas reserves and gas-hydrodynamic parameters of the studied gas objects have no analogs in domestic and world practice. The first of the methods is distinguished by the simplicity of calculation and the availability of the initial data for its use. The second is based on the differential, differential-integral, and integral methods to improve the accuracy of the calculated results. Practical value. The new methods for calculating gas reserves will make it possible to quickly assess hydrocarbon raw materials in the investigated object. The availability, minimization, and accuracy of the initial data for calculating gas reserves are undoubtedly signs of the optimality of the method. The simplicity of the calculation makes it possible to widely use the technique. The use of a new methodology for interpreting the results of gas well research in one mode will make it possible to depart from the traditional research method. Due to this, the number of research modes is reduced by several times. It also means a reduction in emissions to the atmosphere if the well is not operated with backpressure at the wellhead. A significant reduction in the cost of the research process due to the reduction in research time is also a factor in significant savings in research funds.

Analysis of stress in the conveyor belt (Maxwell–element model)

longitudinal dynamic stresses and investigate the peculiarities of the propagation of dynamic stresses along the route of material transportation. Methodology. To calculate the value of static and dynamic stresses arising in the conveyor belt, the apparatus of mathematical physics was used. Findings. A wave equation is written that determines the propagation of longitudinal vibrations in a conveyor belt, the material of which corresponds to the Maxwell-element model. An expression is obtained for calculating the speed of propagation of elastic vibrations along the conveyor belt, the frequency of vibrations and their wavelength. The characteristic relaxation time of disturbances is determined. The method of successive approximation was used to solve the wave equation. The estimation of the characteristic time of acceleration of the conveyor belt, at which there is no destruction of the material of the conveyor belt, is given. Originality. PDE-models of conveyor-type transport systems are improved, which are used to design belt speed control systems under restrictions on speed control modes. It is shown that under the modes of acceleration or deceleration of the conveyor belt, the effects associated with the occurrence and propagation of dynamic stresses along the conveyor belt, due to the characteristics of the material corresponding to the Maxwell-element model, are insignificant. Practical value. The results obtained make it possible to determine the limitations on the modes of acceleration or deceleration of the conveyor belt, preventing its damage and increased wear. This opens up prospects for designing effective control systems for the parameters of a conveyor belt, unevenly loaded with material along the transport route.

Formation of motivational mechanism in strategic management of a diversified enterprise

The successful functioning of a diversified enterprise requires a well-organized team of workers and well-chosen business structures for cooperation and integration to provide balanced and effective development of its business units aimed at the maximum satisfaction of its own interests and achievement of the general goal of the enterprise functioning. The establishment and support of such relations depend significantly on the effective motivational activities both for the enterprise employees (internal ones) and its partners (external ones). At the same time, the intensity of the motivational activities for different business entities depends on the level of their possible influence on the efficiency of the corresponding business entity performance, the level of coordination and optimality of mutual relations between these business entities, and success of the strategic development of the whole diversified enterprise. That is, the motivational activities for different influence groups are different depending on the enterprise mission, the focus of its long-term goals, the chosen strategic way of the development, and others. Purpose. Consequently, the objective of this article is to elaborate theoretical and methodical recommendations regarding the formation of the complex motivational mechanism of the diversified enterprise by grounding and selection of a motivational system for each influence group attractive for it at a certain point of time (employees, consumers, opponents, and suppliers). Methodology. To achieve the set objective, the research of this work is conducted using the methods of generalization, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, and situational modeling. The calculation of the efficiency of the proposed activities of the complex motivational mechanism is conducted using the methods of factor analysis, effective competition theory, and integral method. Findings. The research conducted resulted in the definition of the structure of complex motivational mechanism of the diversified enterprise, description of the features of its external and internal constituents, and formation of the influence groups for each constituent. Possible ways of the combination of important for the enterprise influence groups are formed and of the main conditions for their use are presented depending on the selected general strategy of the enterprise development. Originality. The novelty of this article involves theoretical and practical recommendations for the formation, implementation, and realization of the activities of the complex motivational mechanism for the diversified enterprise. Practical value. The activities of the complex motivational mechanism for the JV Spheros-Electron Ltd. have been developed. The key elements of the formation and the methods of realization of the motivational systems for different influence groups of the enterprise under study have been described. The efficiency of the proposed activities has been calculated which proves their effectiveness, soundness of the development, and necessity of realization.

Substantiating rational schedule to load trucks using draglines while mining a pit of Motronivskyi MPP

Purpose. To substantiate a rational schedule for the combined dragline-truck operation taking into consideration a coefficient of mining in the context of the pit. Methodology. Mathematical and graphical modeling was involved while determining a coefficient of mining concentration in the pit as well as feasibility analysis to select a rational procedure scheme for dragline operation. Findings. Recommendations for the selection of rational dragline operation, while truck loading in the context of Motronivsko-Annivskyi pit, have been developed taking into consideration mining concentration degree in the pit. It has been determined that bottom dragline unloading into a truck, located in the central part of bench mining width, as well as the dragline position at 0.5 A distance from the bench crest, is the most efficient plan of action for the conditions. Technological scheme to develop Motronivsko-Annivskyi pit has been proposed. Originality. Dependence of the mining concentration in the pit upon the parameters of development system elements according to different technological schemes has been derived. The dependence helps estimate development cost for overburden rocks using draglines with direct unloading into trucks. Practical value. Technological schemes for the combined dragline dump truck operation have been developed. Their use makes it possible to cut the prime cost of overburden activities. Implementation of the proposed solutions helps cut stripping cost by UAH 79.65 million a year if annual overburden volume is Qrozkryvu - Qstripping = 13.5 million m3/year.

Research into ecological status and the degree of heavy metal concentration in the waters of the Drenica river (Kosovo)

Purpose. To reflect the impact of discharge waters from the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining on the pollution of the Drenica River with heavy metals. According to our estimation, the effect of mining on the river pollution is undeniable. Methodology. The standard methods ISO 5667-6, ISO 5667-11, and ISO 5667-1.3 were used to determine the physical and chemical parameters of the Drenica River surface water. The EPA-3015A method was applied for sample preparation, while the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry) measurement technique was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals. Standard ISO methods were applied for determining the following parameters: pH, DO, BOD5, COD, NNH4, NO3-, TN, PO4P, and TP. Findings. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the levels of heavy metals in the river Drenica have exceeded the allowed values as a result of industrial activities. Originality. The paper supplies new additional information on the ecological status of the Drenica River, based on samples taken along the river, especially where the greatest impact of the ferronickel smelter and surface lignite mining could be. The problematic of this research is quite contemporary; river pollution affects the life chain. Practical value. We believe that the content and problems in the focus of the research are topical and present significant interest to all those who deal with environmental issues.