scholarly journals Review of In Situ Test Methods for Solar Collectors and Solar Collector Arrays

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Fahr ◽  
Daniel Tschopp ◽  
Jan Erik Nielsen ◽  
Korbinian Kramer ◽  
Philip Ohnewein
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Solar Collector ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Performance Check

This fact sheet presents three in situ test methods for solar collectors and solar collector arrays, namely In situ Collector Certification (ICC), Performance Check for Collector Arrays (PC) and Dynamic Collector Array Test (D-CAT). A comparison is made regarding their scopes and use cases, methodologies and outcomes, which could serve as a decision-making aid for stakeholders in selecting the procedure that best suits their needs. The analysis shows that the methods do not contradict, but rather complement each other.

In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Foundation Engineering ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Pressuremeter Test ◽  
In Situ Test

The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.

Chemical, microbiological, and in situ test methods for biogenic sulfuric acid corrosion of concrete

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Monteny ◽  
E Vincke ◽  
A Beeldens ◽  
N De Belie ◽  
L Taerwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Corrosion

scholarly journals Discussion: Near-surface characteristics of concrete: assessment and development of in situ test methods

1988 ◽  
Vol 40 (145) ◽  
pp. 234-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Dhir ◽  
P. C. Hewlett ◽  
Y. N. Chan ◽  
F. D. Lydon ◽  
M. Al. Odaallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
In Situ Test

Performance Benefits of the Direct Generation of Steam in Line-Focus Solar Collectors

1983 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. May ◽  
L. M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Flow Instabilities ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Direct Generation ◽  
Line Focus

The performance benefits of the direct (in situ) generation of steam in the receiver tube of a line-focus solar collector are assessed in this paper. Compared to existing technology using steam-flash or unfired boiler systems, the in situ technique could reduce the delivered cost of steam in excess of 25 percent. The analysis indicates that two-phase flow instabilities, if present, can be readily controlled, and that the possibility of freezing is not an impediment to the use of water in cold climates.

Multi-objective feature selection (MOFS) algorithms for prediction of liquefaction susceptibility of soil based on in situ test methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 2371-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat Kumar Das ◽  
Ranajeet Mohanty ◽  
Madhumita Mohanty ◽  
Mahasakti Mahamaya
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Liquefaction Susceptibility

scholarly journals Effects of Gaseous and Particulate Contaminants On Information Technology Equipment Reliability - A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyam Saini ◽  
Jimil M. Shah ◽  
Pardeep Shahi ◽  
Pratik V Bansode ◽  
Dereje Agonafer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
In Situ Test ◽  
Equipment Reliability ◽  
Hardware Failures ◽  
Particulate Contaminants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Scale Data

Abstract Over the last decade, several hyper-scale data center companies such as Google, Facebook, and Microsoft have demonstrated the cost-saving capabilities of airside economization with direct/indirect heat exchangers by moving to chiller-less air-cooled data centers. Under pressure from data center owners, IT equipment OEMs like Dell and IBM are developing IT equipment that can withstand peak excursion temperature ratings of up to 45°C, clearly outside the recommended envelope, and into ASHRAE's A4 allowable envelope. As popular and widespread as these cooling technologies are becoming, airside economization comes with its challenges. There is a risk of pre-mature hardware failures or reliability degradation posed by uncontrolled fine particulate and gaseous contaminants in presence of temperature and humidity transients. This paper presents an in-depth review of the particulate and gaseous contamination-related challenges faced by the modern-day data center facilities that use airside economization. This review summarizes specific experimental and computational studies to characterize the airborne contaminants and associated failure modes and mechanisms. In addition, standard lab-based and in-situ test methods for measuring the corrosive effects of the particles and the corrosive gases, as the means of testing the robustness of the equipment against these contaminants, under different temperature and relative humidity conditions are also reviewed. It also outlines the cost-sensitive mitigation techniques like improved filtration strategies and methods that can be utilized for efficient implementation of airside economization.

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