scholarly journals Flood risk assessment in selected communes of the Łódź region

2017 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Marta Borowska-Stefańska
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Very High ◽  
Risk Categories

The aim of the article is to assess the present level of land development of flood risk areas in selected communes of the Łódź province in the context of potential negative consequences for people, the natural environment, cultural heritage and economic operations. The research includes urban as well as urban and rural communes (9 communes in total) of the Łódź province which display high and very high flood risk levels according to the methodology used in Flood protection operating plan for the Łódź province from 2013 ( Plan operacyjny… 2013). Uniejów and Warta have the highest synthetic flood risk levels due to the surface occupied by buildings and areas assigned to individual risk categories. In turn, Łowicz and Tomaszów Mazowiecki (town) display the highest general flood risk level due to diversification of buildings and areas of individual risk categories.

scholarly journals Flood Risk Assessment of Metro System Using Improved Trapezoidal Fuzzy AHP: A Case Study of Guangzhou

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5154
Author(s):  
Guangpeng Wang ◽  
Lianyou Liu ◽  
Peijun Shi ◽  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Jifu Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Metro Systems ◽  
Very High

Metro systems have become high-risk entities due to the increased frequency and severity of urban flooding. Therefore, understanding the flood risk of metro systems is a prerequisite for mega-cities’ flood protection and risk management. This study proposes a method for accurately assessing the flood risk of metro systems based on an improved trapezoidal fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We applied this method to assess the flood risk of 14 lines and 268 stations of the Guangzhou Metro. The risk results validation showed that the accuracy of the improved trapezoidal fuzzy AHP (90% match) outperformed the traditional trapezoidal AHP (70% match). The distribution of different flood risk levels in Guangzhou metro lines exhibited a polarization signature. About 69% (155 km2) of very high and high risk zones were concentrated in central urban areas (Yuexiu, Liwan, Tianhe, and Haizhu); the three metro lines with the highest overall risk level were lines 3, 6, and 5; and the metro stations at very high risk were mainly located on metro lines 6, 3, 5, 1, and 2. Based on fieldwork, we suggest raising exits, installing watertight doors, and using early warning strategies to resist metro floods. This study can provide scientific data for decision-makers to reasonably allocate flood prevention resources, which is significant in reducing flood losses and promoting Guangzhou’s sustainable development.

scholarly journals Distribution of Flood Risk Area in Bodri Watershed of Kendal Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Husna Fauzia ◽  
◽  
Eka Cahyaningsih ◽  
Hery Hariyanto ◽  
Satya Nugraha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Central Java

Flooding is a catastrophic phenomenon that can occur due to various factors, such as uncontrolled landuse changes, climate change, and weather anomalies, and drainage infrastructure damage. The Bodri watershed in Kendal Regency is one of the watersheds in Central Java, which is categorized as critical based on Decree No.328/Menhut-II/2009. Some of the problems in the Bodri watershed include land use that is not suitable for its designation, flooding, erosion, and landslides. This study aims to conduct spatial modeling to create flood hazard maps and flood risk level maps in the Bodri watershed. The method used is hydrograph analysis, flood modeling, potential flood hazards, and flood risk levels. Analysis of the potential for flood hazards from the spatial modeling inundation map with the input of the flood peak return period of 2 years (Q2), 5 years (Q5), and 50 years (Q50). Vulnerability analysis based on land use maps of flood hazard areas. The distribution of flood-prone areas in the Bodri watershed is in Pidodo Kulon Village, Pidodo Wetan Village, and Bangunsari Village.

scholarly journals Assessing the susceptibility of schools to flood events in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Yousefi ◽  
Hamid Reza Pourghasemi ◽  
Sayed Naeim Emami ◽  
Omid Rahmati ◽  
Shahla Tavangar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Flood Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Maps ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process Method ◽  
Very High

Abstract Catastrophic floods cause deaths, injuries, and property damages in communities around the world. The losses can be worse among those who are more vulnerable to exposure and this can be enhanced by communities’ vulnerabilities. People in undeveloped and developing countries, like Iran, are more vulnerable and may be more exposed to flood hazards. In this study we investigate the vulnerabilities of 1622 schools to flood hazard in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran. We used four machine learning models to produce flood susceptibility maps. The analytic hierarchy process method was enhanced with distance from schools to create a school-focused flood-risk map. The results indicate that 492 rural schools and 147 urban schools are in very high-risk locations. Furthermore, 54% of rural students and 8% of urban students study schools in locations of very high flood risk. The situation should be examined very closely and mitigating actions are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Targeting Knife-Enabled Homicides for Preventive Policing: A Stratified Resource Allocation Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Vincent Harinam ◽  
Lawrence W. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Resource Allocation Model ◽  
Directed Patrol ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Evidence Based Policing ◽  
Level Group

Abstract Research Question How can police translate differing risk levels for knife homicide into a resource allocation model that follows the evidence? Data The data for this publication are taken from the open access tables published in this journal by Massey et al. Cambridge Journal of Evidence-Based Policing, 3:1-20, (2019). Those data show the linear relationship between the number of non-fatal knife assaults in a lower super output area (LSOA) in 1 year and the risk of a knife-enable homicide in the subsequent year, as well as how many of the 4835 LSOAs fell into each of five levels of increasing homicide risk. Methods The data from Massey’s research are re-calculated to show how a hypothetical number of 15-min police patrols could be allocated across all areas on the basis of a combination of knife-enabled (KE) homicide risk level and the volume of LSOAs at each of the five levels of knife homicide risk. We display these results using both tables and multi-layered “wedding cake” images to show the size of different dimensions of each level, including proportion of total homicides and directed patrol frequency per LSOA at each of the five risk levels. Findings Based on the hypothetical allocation of 10,000 patrol visits of 15 min in length, the highest risk group, with a forecasted 6% of all KE homicides, would receive 600 police patrols, divided by the 41 LSOAs at that risk level = 15 patrols across every 10 days. At the lowest level of risk, the 2787 LSOAs would share the 3000 patrols that a group of LSOAs would recieve for having 30% of homicides, which equals 1.1 patrols every 10 days. The hypothetical premise is that every LSOA gets some patrol, but the highest risk areas get 15 times more patrol to follow the evidence of risk. The formula is to (1) allocate resources by proportion of homicide at each risk level; (2) divide the allocated resources by the number of areas in each risk level group; and (3) allocate the resulting resources per day to each area in each of the 5 levels. Conclusion Police face difficult tradeoffs between targeting more policing to fewer areas of higher risk (with more efficiency) or to more areas of lower risk (with more effectiveness). The use of a formula combining risk and volume can help guide such decisions, illustrated by a layered “wedding cake” visualization for gaining clarity and legitimacy in communications.

scholarly journals ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF PACKAGING WORKERS’ POSTURE IN A FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SALAMI OLASUNKANMI ISMAILA ◽  
YUSUF ADEYEMI SALAMI ◽  
SIDIKATU IBIYEMI KUYE ◽  
OLAWALE USMAN DAIRO ◽  
NURUDEEN OLATUNDE ADEKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ergonomic Evaluation ◽  
Ergonomic Risk

This study conducted an ergonomic evaluation of the working posture of workers engaged in various processes in the packaging section of a food manufacturing company. Workers in the packaging section of the food manufacturing company were divided into operating, folding, packing, carton wrapping and palletizing. Forty of the workers in the packaging section were placed under observation through video recording of their daily activities for a period of three months to obtain their working postures. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was used to analyze the working postures in order to obtain their ergonomic risk levels. Computer codes for RULA were written for quick and easy evaluation of upper arm, lower arm, wrist, wrist twist, neck, trunk and leg postures. The results from RULA indicated that 25% of the workers in the operating and folding units were exposed to medium ergonomic risk level; 30% of the workers in the packing unit and 10% of the workers in the carton wrapping unit were exposed to high ergonomic risk level while 10% of the workers in the palletizing unit were exposed to a very high ergonomic risk level. The study concluded that workers in the packaging section of the food manufacturing company were exposed to between medium and very high ergonomic risk levels of working posture necessitating the need to change the conditions of their workstations.

scholarly journals ERGONOMIC EVALUATION OF PACKAGING WORKERS’ POSTURE IN A FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANY

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SALAMI OLASUNKANMI ISMAILA ◽  
YUSUF ADEYEMI SALAMI ◽  
SIDIKATU IBIYEMI KUYE ◽  
OLAWALE USMAN DAIRO ◽  
NURUDEEN OLATUNDE ADEKUNLE
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Food Manufacturing ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
Working Postures ◽  
Manufacturing Company ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ergonomic Evaluation ◽  
Ergonomic Risk

<p class="Els-Abstract-text">This study conducted an ergonomic evaluation of the working posture of workers engaged in various processes in the packaging section of a food manufacturing company. Workers in the packaging section of the food manufacturing company were divided into operating, folding, packing, carton wrapping and palletizing. Forty of the workers in the packaging section were placed under observation through video recording of their daily activities for a period of three months to obtain their working postures. Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) was used to analyze the working postures in order to obtain their ergonomic risk levels. Computer codes for RULA were written for quick and easy evaluation of upper arm, lower arm, wrist, wrist twist, neck, trunk and leg postures.  The results from RULA indicated that 25% of the workers in the operating and folding units were exposed to medium ergonomic risk level; 30% of the workers in the packing unit and 10% of the workers in the carton wrapping unit were exposed to high ergonomic risk level while 10% of the workers in the palletizing unit were exposed to a very high ergonomic risk level. The study concluded that workers in the packaging section of the food manufacturing company were exposed to between medium and very high ergonomic risk levels of working posture necessitating the need to change the conditions of their workstations.</p>

scholarly journals Flood Risk Assessment of Subway Systems in Metropolitan Areas under Land Subsidence Scenario: A Case Study of Beijing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Guangpeng Wang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Ziying Hu ◽  
Guoming Zhang ◽  
Jifu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Very High ◽  
Beijing Subway

Flooding is one of the most destructive natural events that severely damage the ground and inundate underground infrastructure. Subway systems in metropolitan areas are susceptible to flooding, which may be exacerbated when land subsidence occurs. However, previous studies have focused on flood risk evaluation on regional/watershed-scales and land subsidence monitoring in plains, instead of on subway flood risk evaluation and how land subsidence aggravates the flood risk in subway systems. Using the proposed risk indicators and field survey data, we present a method assessing the flood risk of metropolitan subway systems under a subsidence condition based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) combined with a geographic information system (GIS). We use the regional risk level within the 500 m buffer zone of the subway line to depict the flood risk of the subway system. The proposed method was used to evaluate the flood risk of the Beijing subway system. The results show that the flood risks of the Beijing subway show a ring-like distribution pattern—risk levels decreasing from the central urban area to the suburbs. Very high and high risks are mainly located within third and fourth ring roads, accounting for 63.58% (29.40 km2) and 63.83% (81.19 km2) of the total area. Land subsidence exacerbated the Beijing subway system’s flood risk level—the moderate to very high risk increased by 46.88 km2 (16.33%), indicating that land subsidence is an essential factor affecting the flood risk level of subway systems. In addition to enhancing flood warnings, future subway flooding could be reduced by elevating the height of the stations’ exit (entrance) and installing water stop plates and watertight doors. This study is of great significance for flood warning and prevention in the Beijing subway system; it provides a theoretical basis for flood risk evaluation in other metropolitan areas.

scholarly journals Combining Co$ting Nature and Suitability Modeling to Identify High Flood Risk Areas in Need of Nature-Based Services

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 853
Author(s):  
Sara Prybutok ◽  
Galen Newman ◽  
Kayode Atoba ◽  
Garett Sansom ◽  
Zhihan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
High Flood

Coastal areas are often subject to the severe consequences of flooding from intense storms or hurricanes. Increases in coastal development have amplified both flooding intensity and negative impacts for coastal communities. Reductions in pervious land cover and replacement with impervious ones have reduced the amount of ecosystem services. This research examines the services provided by nature-based solutions by applying outputs from Co$ting Nature models into suitability models to quantify ecosystem services along the Texas Coast. Results show that only around 13% of the Houston-Galveston coastal area has relatively high NBS, and nearly ¼ of the area shows relatively low NBS. The majority of the areas lie in the middle, which, due to increases in development, are at particular risk for becoming areas offering low NBS in the future if not treated. Such vulnerability assessment informs future implementation strategies for NBS in coastal communities to protect people and property from flooding.

Consistency and Construct Validity of the Five-Level System for Risk Communication Using Static and Dynamic Tools: An Investigation Using the Static-99R and VRS-SO

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110613
Author(s):  
Neil R. Hogan ◽  
Mark E. Olver
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Level System ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Criminogenic Needs ◽  
Council Of State ◽  
Sexually Offended ◽  
Risk Categories

This study examined the Council of State Governments’ five-level system for risk communication, as applied to the Static-99R and Violence Risk Scale–Sexual Offense Version (VRS-SO). Aims of the system include increasing consistency in risk communication and linking risk categories to psychologically meaningful constructs. We investigated concordance between risk levels assigned by the instruments, and distributions of VRS-SO dynamic needs associated with Static-99R risk levels, among a multisite sample ( n = 1,404) of persons who have sexually offended. Concordant categorical risk ratings were assigned in just over a third of cases, suggesting that consistency remains a concern with the system, particularly when conceptually disparate tools are applied. Densities of criminogenic needs varied widely among persons assigned the same risk level by the Static-99R and diverged from the descriptions ascribed by the system. These findings can inform clinical assessments and further refinement of the system.

scholarly journals Application of Geographic Information Systems for Flood Risk Analysis: A Case Study from Accra Metropolitan Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
Alex Barimah Owusu ◽  
Mathias Agbozo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
The Public ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Risk Zones ◽  
High Flood

Abstract The main objective of the study was to identify high flood risk zones in AMA. The study also used questionnaires to assess local knowledge on what accounts for the high flood risk in their community. Spatial analysis techniques were used to model flood risk based on the following contributory factors; land cover, soil, drainage density, topography and proximity to rivers. The results show that high flood risk areas covered 46.3km2(20%), moderate risk area, 72.9km2(31.6%), low risk area 41.5km2(18%) and very low risk areas, about 6.7km2(2.9%). The high flood risk zones were low-lying areas below 50 meters above sea level and closely associated with poor drainage systems. People perceived not just low-lying areas as a paramount reason accounting for flooding but also very bad waste disposal habit of the public. These offsets the efforts of waste management companies to keep drains free of refuse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document