scholarly journals Impact of volatile cues on foraging response of egg larval parasitoid, Chelonus blackburni Cameron

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surabhi Singh ◽  
Bishwajeet Paul ◽  
Archna Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Host Searching ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Larval Parasitoid ◽  
Orientation Response ◽  
Volatile Cues ◽  
Chelonus Blackburni

Y-tube olfactometer study was carried out to observe the orientation response of egg-larval parasitoid Chelonus blackburni Cameron towards various concentrations of volatile cues emitted from three potato varieties and Phthorimaea operculella Zeller. Volatile cues were subjected to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling to identify the signaling molecules present in the pool of volatile cues. Out of 16 selected volatile cues concentrations obtained from plant and host insect sources, 10 cues acted as significant attractant for C. blackburni. Volatile cues emitted from Kufri Surya in vegetative stage were able to generate highest stimulation in C. blackburni. Among volatiles obtained from larval and adult stage of P. operculella, adult cues were found to be more efficient in the alteration of foraging behaviour of targeted parasitoid. GC-MS of targeted cues revealed the presence of fifteen saturated hydrocarbons ranging from C12 to C54; varying in concentrations. Study specified that C. blackburni preferred cues could be exploited to enhance the host searching efficacy during Integrated Pest Management releases.

scholarly journals Composition and characterization by GC-MS of the essential oil extracted from Nicotiana glauca Graham

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
A. Cherif ◽  
S. Ammar ◽  
S. Boukhchina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nicotiana Glauca ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dibutyl Ester

Fresh leaves of N. glauca were collected from the northern region of Tunisia. The leaves were submitted to water distillation for 4 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The obtained essential oils were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and after filtration, stored at 4 °C until use. The chemical composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eighteen compounds were identified: eugenol, the major compound in the essential oil, was present at a high level (58.49%), followed by nonadecane, eugenyl acetate and tridecane, 3-methyl at 6.38; 5.57 and 5.19%, respectively. The percentage of compounds dodecane, 2, 6, 11 trimethyl, tetradecane, docosane, tricosane and 1, 2-benzene dicarboxilic, dibutyl ester varied between 1 and 2%; whereas the other compounds (including limonene, and saturated hydrocarbons) remained at low percentages, not exceeding 1%. This study could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from N. glauca.

Volatiles mediate host-selection in the corn hoppers Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (05) ◽  
pp. 633-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Coll Aráoz ◽  
V.G. Jacobi ◽  
P.C. Fernandez ◽  
E. Luft Albarracin ◽  
E.G. Virla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Selection ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dalbulus Maidis ◽  
Peregrinus Maidis ◽  
Olfactory Responses ◽  
Phototactic Response ◽  
Volatile Cues

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants are generally involved in host recognition and host selection for many phytophagous insects. However, for leafhoppers and planthoppers, host recognition is mainly thought to involve a phototactic response, but it is not clear if a host plant could be selected based on the volatile cues it emits. In this study we evaluated olfactory responses in dual choice tests of two Hemiptera species, Dalbulus maidis (De Long) (Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Delphacidae), vectors of maize-stunting diseases, to three maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms, a temperate and a tropical hybrid and a landrace. VOCs emitted by the germplasms were collected and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The temperate hybrid released significantly more VOCs than the tropical hybrid and the landrace, and its volatile profile was dominated by (±)-linalool. D. maidis preferred odours emitted from the temperate hybrid, whereas P. maidis preferred odours from the tropical hybrid and the landrace over the temperate one. In order to test if linalool plays a role in the behavioural responses, we assayed this compound in combination with the tropical hybrid, to provide other contextual olfactory cues. D. maidis was attracted to the tropical hybrid plus a 0.0001% linalool solution, indicating that this compound could be part of a blend of attractants. Whereas addition of linalool resulted in a slight, though not significant, reduction in host VOC attractiveness for P. maidis. Both hopper species responded to olfactory cues in the absence of supplementary visual cues.

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