Composition and characterization by GC-MS of the essential oil extracted from <em>Nicotiana glauca</em> Graham

Fresh leaves of N. glauca were collected from the northern region of Tunisia. The leaves were submitted to water distillation for 4 h, using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The obtained essential oils were dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and after filtration, stored at 4 °C until use. The chemical composition of the isolated essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Eighteen compounds were identified: eugenol, the major compound in the essential oil, was present at a high level (58.49%), followed by nonadecane, eugenyl acetate and tridecane, 3-methyl at 6.38; 5.57 and 5.19%, respectively. The percentage of compounds dodecane, 2, 6, 11 trimethyl, tetradecane, docosane, tricosane and 1, 2-benzene dicarboxilic, dibutyl ester varied between 1 and 2%; whereas the other compounds (including limonene, and saturated hydrocarbons) remained at low percentages, not exceeding 1%. This study could be very useful for the characterization, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications of the essential oil from N. glauca.

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New Chemovariety of Lippia alba From Colombia: Compositional Analysis of the Volatile Secondary Metabolites and Some in vitro Biological Activities of the Essential Oil From Plant Leaves

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19862905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X1986290

Author(s):

Amner Muñoz-Acevedo ◽

María C. González ◽

Juan D. Rodríguez ◽

Yurina Sh. De Moya

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Northern Region ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Lippia Alba

Lippia alba is a plant widely studied due to both chemical diversity and bioactivities related to its ethnobotanical uses. In this work, the composition of the volatile secondary metabolites (volatile fractions/essential oil, EO) of the flower/leaves of L. alba (from northern region of Colombia) was determined by solid phase micro-extraction/distillation-solvent extraction/microwave-hydrodistillation/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MWHD/GC-MS), along with some in vitro biological properties (cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase enzyme [AChe] inhibition) from leaf EO. Outstanding results were found: (i) cis-piperitone oxide (~13%-46%), germacrene D (~11%-30%), and limonene (~10%-22%) characterized the volatile secondary metabolites from different parts of the plant; (ii) leaf EO showed a moderate hemolytic activity (HC50: 580 ± 1 µg/mL), a significant cytotoxicity on lymphocytes (LC50: 127 ± 3 µg/mL), a high cytotoxicity on HEp2 cell line (LC50: 38 ± 2 µg/mL), and a moderate inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50: 28 ± 2 µg/mL). Based on these results, a new chemovar of L. alba is reported (represented by cis-piperitone oxide) along with its promising cytotoxic and AChE inhibiting properties.

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Effect of some postharvest treatments on properties of spear and peppermint herbs prepared for exportation

10.31221/osf.io/f2x9m ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tamer Farouk Ahmed El-Moghazy

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Double Layer ◽

Single Layer ◽

Storage Period ◽

Plastic Layer ◽

Research Station ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Water Distillation ◽

Successive Season ◽

High Level

The present study was carried out in Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt, through the two successive season of 2010/2011 and 2011/2012. Two storage experiments in ambient atmosphere were conducted using natural drying (ND) and artificial drying (AD) spearmint and peppermint herbs. The packaging types paper bag of one single layer (p.s), paper bag of double layer (p.d), paper bag of one single layer, lined with plastic layer in side (p.s+po) and paper bag of double layer, lined with plastic layer in side (p.d+po), were tested. The experiment started on it October 2010 and October 2011 (12 months each). During each season of storage, the herb was sampled once every 3 months (5 samples). The essential oil % was determined by water distillation and the components of the oil were determined by (G.L.C). Results of this study can be summarized as follow:1-Artificial drying (AD) is fare better to keep the essential oil of spearmint and peppermint herbs at the accept level (AL) in the storage.2-AD kept the major components of herbs, carvon, menthone and menthol better than (ND). As well as the microbial load at low level.3-ND saved α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene at high level than (AD).4-Extended storage period resulted in the reduction of all the studied components of the two herbs. 5-Packaging containing polyethylene (po) showed superiority in their keeping capacities to their contents among all the tested ones.

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MINYAK KULIT JERUK PAKIS SEBAGAI ESSENTIAL OIL DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN: EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI

Konversi ◽

10.20527/k.v3i2.162 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 30

Author(s):

Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽

Yulia Nurul Ma'rifah ◽

Herlina Herlina

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Orange Peel ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Water Distillation ◽

Before And After ◽

Orange Peel Oil ◽

Soap Production

Abstrak- Kulit jeruk pakis (Citrus grandis) merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan rumah tangga, industri dan pertanian. Dengan proses distilasi kulit jeruk pakis dapat diambil minyaknya sebagai citrus oil yang selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan rendemen dan mutu citrus oil dari bahan baku kulit jeruk pakis segar dan dikeringkan (40 oC, 6 jam) dengan metode water distillation. Massa kulit jeruk yang digunakan adalah 200, 300, 400 dan 500 gram diekstraksi selama 3 jam pada 100 °C. Rendemen minyak yang diperoleh untuk kulit jeruk pakis segar berturut-turut pada massa kulit jeruk 200, 300, 400 dan 500 gram ialah 0,888 %, 0,619%, 0,178% dan 0,239% sedangkan untuk kulit jeruk yang keringkan diperoleh rendemen berturut-turut 0,214%, 0,029%,0,074% dan 0,023%. Minyak yang dihasilkan dari kulit jeruk segar dan kering dianalisa dengan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) mengandung 82,136% limonen. Kulit jeruk pakis sebelum dan sesudah diekstraksi dianalisa dengan Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa struktur permukaan setelah ekstrasi menjadi rusak dan struktur kristalinnya tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Minyak yang dihasilkan selanjutnya direaksikan dengan NaOH 30% untuk menghasilkan sabun. Kadar pH sabun pada konsentrasi (w/v) 1%, 5% dan 10% dalam 100mL air berturut-turut sebesar 9, 10 dan 10 sedangkan kadar air dalam sabun yang diperoleh sebesar 37,25%. Kata Kunci: jeruk pakis, minyak kulit jeruk, water distillation, sabun Abstract- Pakis orange peel is one of wasted product from household, industry and agriculture activities. Pakis orange peel can be extracted by distillation as citrus oil. Furthermore, it can be used as essential oil in production of soap. The purposes of this research is to compare yield and quality of citrus oil base on fresh and dried pakis orange peel (40°C, 6 hours) by water distillation methode. The variation mass of orange peel was used 200, 300, 400 and 500 gram then was extracted for 3 hours at 100°C. The yield of citrus oil from fresh pakis orange peel with weight 200, 300, 400 and 500 gram are 0,888%, 0,619%, 0,178% and 0,239%, respectively. The dried pakis orange peel was produced citrus oil 0,214%, 0,029%, 0,074% and 0,023%, respectively. The citrus oilwas analyzed by Gas Chromatoghrapy Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) which was contained ca. 82,13% of limonene. Pakis orange peel before and after extraction analyzed with Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were indicated the structure of surface area after extraction has become broken and the sructure of crystalline structure was not significant changes. Furthermore, citrus oil obtained from extraction was reacted with 30% NaOH for soap production. The pH of soap at concentration 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v) in water 9, 10 and 10, respectively. The water content in the soap about 37,25%. Keywords: pakis orange, orange peel oil, water distillation, soap

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OIL QUANTITY ANALYSIS OF LAVENDULA OFFICINALIS CHAIX. GROWN ACROSS ASHMIR VALLEY

International Journal on Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.53390/ijas.v12i1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farah Shamas ◽

Suchi Modi

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Oil Content ◽

Complex Compounds ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Raw Material ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Anhydrous Sodium Sulphate ◽

Material Volume ◽

Different Parts

Essential oils (EOs) are volatile, natural, complex compounds characterized by a strong odour and are formed by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. The essential oil of Lavendula officinalis was extracted using hydrodistillation process. Hydro-Distillation is potentially a very useful method to extract essential oil from various plants and from their different parts. The principle of extraction is based on the isotropic distillation. The yield is dependent on various parameters like weight of raw material, volume of water, size of raw material and nature of raw material. Samples from aerial parts of three Lavendula ecotypes were analyzed for essential oil content to find out as to which ecotype excels in oil content and which ecotype gave the minimum essential oil output. Air dried leafy stalks and stems of L. officinalis were taken and submitted to Hydro distillation for 4 hrs using Clevenger type apparatus. Briefly, the samples were immersed in water and heated to boiling, after which the essential oil was evaporated together with water vapour and finally collected in a condenser. The distillates (EOs) were isolated and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The oils were stored in the sealed vials at 2°C for further studies. Each extraction was performed at least three times. The oil content was determined on an oil volume to tissue weight basis. Estimated oil content was lowest in Srinagar ecotype to a highest in Pulwama ecotype. Pulwama ecotype was followed by Budgam ecotype. This could be due to the variation in altitude and location.

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Medicinal Plants: Antibacterial Effects and Chemical Composition of Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ◽

10.25258/ijcprr.v8i01.9082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Azadeh Foroughi ◽

Pouya Pournaghi ◽

Fariba Najafi ◽

Akram Zangeneh ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Zangeneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Screen Test ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Effects ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare

Medicinal plants are considered modern resources for producing agents that could act as alternatives to antibiotics in demeanor of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (FV) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was done to specify chemical composion. As a screen test to detect antibacterial properties of the essential oil, agar disk and agar well diffusion methods were employed. Macrobroth tube test was performed to determinate MIC. The results indicated that the most substance found in FV essential oil was Trans-anethole (47.41 %), also the essential oil of FV with 0.007 g/ml concentration has prevented P. aeruginosa and with 0.002 g/ml concentration has prevented B. subtilis from the growth. Thus, the research represents the antibacterial effects of the medical herb on test P. aeruginosa and B. subtilis. We believe that the article provide support to the antibacterial properties of the essential oil. The results indicate the fact that the essential oil from the plant can be useful as medicinal or preservatives composition.

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Comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage

10.33920/med-06-2002-03 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-53

Author(s):

Tatyana Shcheglova

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Quantitative Difference ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Component Composition ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Salvia Officinalis L ◽

Medical University

The article presents results of the study of a comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), growing in the Botanical Garden of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The studies were carried out using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative difference in the component composition of the essential oil obtained from fresh and dried raw materials was determined as a result of the study.

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Identification of VOCs in essential oils extracted using ultrasound- and microwave-assisted methods from sweet cherry flower

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80891-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Huimin Zhang ◽

Hongguang Yan ◽

Quan Li ◽

Hui Lin ◽

Xiaopeng Wen

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Sweet Cherry ◽

Dimethyl Sulfide ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Important Indicator ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Essential Oil Yield

AbstractThe floral fragrance of plants is an important indicator in their evaluation. The aroma of sweet cherry flowers is mainly derived from their essential oil. In this study, based on the results of a single-factor experiment, a Box–Behnken design was adopted for ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of the Brooks cultivar. With the objective of extracting the maximum essential oil yield (w/w), the optimal extraction process conditions were a liquid–solid ratio of 52 mL g−1, an extraction time of 27 min, and a microwave power of 435 W. The essential oil yield was 1.23%, which was close to the theoretical prediction. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars (Brooks, Black Pearl, Tieton and Summit) were identified via headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results showed that a total of 155 VOCs were identified and classified in the essential oil from sweet cherry flowers of four cultivars, 65 of which were shared among the cultivars. The highest contents of VOCs were aldehydes, alcohols, ketones and esters. Ethanol, linalool, lilac alcohol, acetaldehyde, (E)-2-hexenal, benzaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide were the major volatiles, which were mainly responsible for the characteristic aroma of sweet cherry flowers. It was concluded that the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers were qualitatively similar; however, relative content differences were observed in the four cultivars. This study provides a theoretical basis for the metabolism and regulation of the VOCs of sweet cherry flowers.

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Histochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Lamium album subsp. album L. Corolla: Essential Oil, Triterpenes, and Iridoids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144166 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4166

Author(s):

Agata Konarska ◽

Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska ◽

Anna Matysik-Woźniak ◽

Aneta Sulborska ◽

Beata Polak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

High Performance ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Lipophilic Compounds ◽

Histochemical Tests ◽

Microscopy Techniques ◽

Trichome Types ◽

First Time

The aim of this study was to conduct a histochemical analysis to localize lipids, terpenes, essential oil, and iridoids in the trichomes of the L. album subsp. album corolla. Morphometric examinations of individual trichome types were performed. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to show the micromorphology and localization of lipophilic compounds and iridoids in secretory trichomes with the use of histochemical tests. Additionally, the content of essential oil and its components were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Qualitative analyses of triterpenes carried out using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with densitometric detection, and the iridoid content expressed as aucubin was examined with spectrophotometric techniques. We showed the presence of iridoids and different lipophilic compounds in papillae and glandular and non-glandular trichomes. On average, the flowers of L. album subsp. album yielded 0.04 mL/kg of essential oil, which was dominated by aldehydes, sesquiterpenes, and alkanes. The extract of the L. album subsp. album corolla contained 1.5 × 10−3 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mg/mL of iridoid aucubin and three triterpenes: oleanolic acid, β-amyrin, and β-amyrin acetate. Aucubin and β-amyrin acetate were detected for the first time. We suggest the use of L. album subsp. album flowers as supplements in human nutrition.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Pterocephalus hookeri

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20981239 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X2098123

Author(s):

Peng-fei Yang ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Qiong-bo Wang ◽

Zhi-wei Zhao ◽

Qiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Assay ◽

Detailed Chemical

Detailed chemical constituents of essential oil from the Pterocephalus hookeri leaves and its antimicrobial activities were investigated in this study. The essential oil, obtained by hydrodistillation, was characterized by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Among the 90 identified compounds, hexadecanoic acid (21.27%), phytol (8.03%), furfural (7.08%), oleic acid (5.25%), and phytone (4.56%) were the major components. In the antimicrobial assay, the essential oil showed strong inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 31.3, 62.5, and 125 µg/mL, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report concerning chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil from Pterocephalus hookeri.

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