scholarly journals ​​Screening Cowpea Genotypes for Resistance to Cowpea Aphid Borne Mosaic Virus (CABMV) and Cowpea Severe Mosaic Virus (CPSMV) in Paraguay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Alonso ◽  
Pablo Duarte ◽  
Viviana M. Camelo-García ◽  
Arnaldo Esquivel-Fariña ◽  
Elliot W. Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Rural Families ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Elisa Result

Background: Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] is one of the Paraguayan rural families’ main crops, serving as an essential protein and carbohydrate source. Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV) and cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) were identified infecting cowpea plants. Disease control caused by both viruses is difficult because there is no information about local cowpea resistant cultivars and vector control is not practical. Methods: In the present work, sixteen cowpea genotypes/cultivars were mechanically inoculated with local isolates of CABMV and CPSMV to identify resistant genotypes/cultivars that can be used in breeding programs. Virus infections were determined by symptoms expression and confirmed by PTA-ELISA. Result: Genotypes Arroz rojo (V. angularis), TVu 379, TVu 382, TE94-256-2E and TE97-309G-9 were resistant to CABMV. Genotypes Arroz rojo (V. angularis), CNCX-698-128F, TVu 379, TVu 382, TVu-3961, TE97-309G-9 and TE97-309G-3 were resistant to CPSMV. Overall, this study showed that local cowpea cultivars do not offer any resistance to virus infection and the need for resistant germplasms for cowpea breeding programs in the country.

scholarly journals HIDDEN RESISTANCE TO CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS IN HETEROGENEOUS POPULATIONS OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) LINES AND CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 443b-443
Author(s):  
R.O. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Das Elisa

Cowpea cultivars Early Ramshorn and Dixie Queen, reported to be resistant to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) by Sinclair and Walker in 1955, were reexamined for the existence of individual CMV-resistant genotypes within seedling populations. CMV-inoculated populations of these two cultivars became CMV-infected at rates of 60% and 80%, respectively, as determined by DAS-ELISA. CMV-free plants were grown to maturity, seeds from these sources were planted, and second-generation seedlings were inoculated again with CMV. Rates at which these seedlings became CMV-infected were 10% and 24%, respectively. The complementary 90% and 76% of these populations remained completely free of ELISA-detectable CMV and were saved to maturity. Evaluations of third-generation populations are being performed. Twenty additional cultivars and breeding lines also are being evaluated. Seedlings of 14 of the 22 cultivars/lines became 95% to 100% infected when inoculated with CMV. Results from eight of the 22 suggested that seedling populations contain CMV-susceptible and -resistant plants. Near isogeneic sublines of susceptible and resistant plants per cultivar/line are being conveyed to cowpea breeders for genetic analyses and breeding purposes.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Pumpkin and Squash Viruses in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jossey ◽  
M. Babadoost
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Dual Infection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Dark Green

Surveys were conducted during 2004 to 2006 to identify the viruses infecting pumpkin and squash in Illinois. In 2004, 16 jack-o-lantern pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) samples and one squash (C. pepo) sample were collected from 11 counties. In 2005, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 12 processing pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), 37 squash, and six gourd (C. pepo) samples were collected from 54 counties. In 2006, 85 jack-o-lantern pumpkin, 16 processing pumpkin, 51 squash, and 18 gourd samples were collected from 47 counties. Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Squash mosaic virus (SqMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), and unknown potyviruses were detected in pumpkin, squash, and gourd fields during the surveys, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Overall, 86, 11, 75, and 79% of jack-o-lantern pumpkin, processing pumpkin, squash, and gourds, respectively, were tested positive for virus infection during the survey. WMV was detected in 47, 46, and 52% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively, and was the most prevalent virus throughout the state. SqMV was detected in more counties than any other virus because it was identified in 65 and 88% of the counties surveyed in 2005 and 2006, respectively. SqMV was detected in 6, 41, and 48% of the samples in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. During the surveys, CMV was detected in 6, 4, and 3% of the samples; PRSV was detected in 6, 11, and 4% of the samples; and ZYMV was detected in 18, 4, and 4% of the samples tested in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. TRSV was detected in 3% of the samples in 2005, for the first time on pumpkin in Illinois. Pathogenicity of the detected viruses was proved for CMV, PRSV, SqMV, WMV, and ZYMV on summer squash (‘Fortune’ and ‘Grey Zucchini’), jack-o-lantern pumpkin (‘Howden’), and processing pumpkin (‘Dickinson’). All of the viruses were present alone and mixed in the samples tested. Earlier in the growing seasons (July and early August), single-virus infections were detected. Mixed infections were more common from the second week of August until the end of the growing season in October. Dual infection of WMV and SqMV was the most prevalent mixed virus infection detected in Illinois. Most viruses infecting pumpkin and squash showed similar symptoms. The most common symptoms observed in the commercial fields and in the greenhouse studies were light- and dark-green mosaic, veinbanding, veinclearing, puckering, and deformation of leaves of pumpkin, squash, and gourds. Severe symptoms included fernleaf and shoestring on leaves and color breaking and deformation of fruit.

Creation of trivalent transgenic watermelon resistant to virus infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niu Sheng-Niao ◽  
Huang Xue-Sen ◽  
Wong Sek-Man ◽  
Yu Jia-Lin ◽  
Zhao Fu-Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
High Level ◽  
Transgenic Watermelon

AbstractA trivalent vector containing genes of Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) coat protein (CP), and replicase genes of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), was constructed for transformation of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) plants, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The integrated foreign genes were identified in the regenerated progenies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blots. The transformation efficiency was about 1.7‰. Resistance to virus infection was determined by mechanical inoculation in the greenhouse and by field trials. The transgenic watermelon lines showed different phenotypes of susceptible, resistant, immune or recovery from virus infections in the late growth stage. A relatively high level of resistance was shown by T3 plants of the line BH1-7. This result indicates the possibility of creating, by transgenic protocols, new varieties of watermelon resistant to viral infection.

Distribution of some aphid-borne viruses infecting sugar beet in Turkey

2016 ◽  
pp. 747-752
Author(s):  
Rza Kaya ◽  
Nazl Dide Kutluk Ylmaz
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Beet Mild Yellowing Virus ◽  
Yellowing Virus

Surveys were conducted in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) growing areas, which cover 52% of Turkey’s sugar beet production. Sugar beet leaves showing virus-like symptoms such as chlorosis, mosaic and chlorotic spots, were collected from 291 different fields located in ten different provinces in northern and central parts of Turkey in 2011. Beet leaf samples were tested by ELISA for Beet yellowing virus (BYV), Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) and beet-related Poleroviruses [Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet chlorosis virus (BChV)]. Based on the ELISA tests, 58.4% of the samples collected from sugar beet fields gave positive reactions for the viruses tested. None of the samples were found to be infected in Kastamonu and Krkkale provinces. Beet-related Poleroviruses (BMYV and BChV) were the most common viruses obtained from 38.5% of the samples followed by BYV and BtMV with 29.6% and 12.7% respectively. The incidences of single virus infection were 11.3% for BYV and 5.5% for BtMV. Mixed virus infections occurred in 20.3% of the sugar beet samples. Out of four groups of symptoms, chlorosis was the most common symptom (72.9%) followed by mosaic (15.3%), chlorosis+mosaic (7.1%) and chlorotic spots (4.7%) in the surveyed areas.

Detection of cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in Queensland

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 674 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Behncken ◽  
L Maleevsky
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
East African ◽  
Serological Reaction ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Production Area

Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CAMV) is shown to cause a mosaic disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in north Queensland. The virus was identified on the basis of its host range and symptoms, particle morphology, transmission by sap, aphids, and in seed, and its serological reaction with a known antiserum to an East African isolate of CAMV. No resistance was found in 14 cowpea cultivars. The potential of CAMV as a cause of disease in beans grown in the Burdekin bean seed production area was investigated but most bean cultivars tested were resistant. Only the cultivars Black Turtle Soup, Climbing Blue Lake, Limelight, Pinto and the navy bean lines Actolac, Gallaroy and Kerman were susceptible and produced severe sumptoms.

scholarly journals Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in Passiflora by qPCR analysis reveals asymptomatic plants with viruses and new species with immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanon Santana Gonçalves ◽  
Onildo Nunes de Jesus ◽  
Lucas Kennedy Silva Lima ◽  
Ronan Xavier Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Temporal Progress

Abstract The passion fruit woodiness disease (Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus – CABMV) causes socioeconomic problems for Brazilian passion fruit crop. Understanding the temporal progress of the disease and identifying resistance sources to CABMV are essential steps to develop resistant varieties. The objective of the study was to evaluate temporal progress of passion fruit woodiness disease, identify Passiflora genotypes with CABMV resistance and to detect virus infection in asymptomatic plants by qPCR. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 128 genotypes belonging to 12 species and three hybrids (inter and intraspecific) of Passiflora evaluated in five periods after inoculation. The symptoms severity was quantified from the disease index (DI%). The CABMV infection in symptomatic plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and in asymptomatic plants by qPCR. Progress rates and disease severity were lower in the species P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii e P. mucronata compared to P. edulis, P. alata, Passiflora sp. and hybrids. Of the evaluated genotypes, 20.31% were resistant, with emphasis on the accessions of P. suberosa, P. malacophylla, P. setacea, P. pohlii e P. bahiensis that did not show symptoms of virus. The absence of symptoms does not imply immunity of plants to the virus, as the qPCR analysis confirmed infection by the virus in asymptomatic plants of P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, P. mucronata, P. setacea, P. malacophylla e P. suberosa. Even after four inoculations, the virus was not detected by qPCR in the upper leaves in plants of P. pohlii and P. bahiensis indicating that these species are immune to CABMV.

scholarly journals Resistance to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus in in vitro germinated genotypes of Passiflora setacea

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NAYARA NIELE SACOMAN ◽  
ALEXANDRE PIO VIANA ◽  
VIRGINIA SILVA CARVALHO ◽  
EILEEN AZEVEDO SANTOS ◽  
ROSANA RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genetic Breeding ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Cowpea Aphid

ABSTRACT Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) is a fruit species of great relevance for Brazilian economy. However, it is highly susceptible to the Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV). The species P.setacea, on the other hand, is resistant to the disease. The present study aimed to identify CABMV-resistant P. setacea genotypes for the introgression of genes into sour passion fruit genetic breeding programs. The seeds of passion fruit genotypes were germinated in vitro in MS culture medium. The seedlings were acclimatized in a growth chamber at the temperature of 27 ± 2ºC, photoperiod of 16:8 hours and 80% of relative humidity. Thirty plants of each genotype were mechanically inoculated with extract prepared from leaves collected from passion fruit plants with symptoms of CABMV for the assessment of resistance to CABMV. The severity of leaf symptoms was evaluated by means of a grading scale of visual signs. After the visual evaluation and identification of the asymptomatic genotypes of P. setacea, the PTA-ELISA test was carried out for 30 selected genotypes. According to the visual evaluation, all P. setacea genotypes were highly resistant to CABMV, while the P. edulis genotypes were highly susceptible. Out of the 30 genotypes selected, only PsRJ 4 was considered susceptible by PTA-ELISA. The other genotypes of P. setacea were considered resistant and present great potential for use in passion fruit genetic breeding programs.

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