​​Habitat Manipulation: An Important Component of IPM in the Management of Webbing Caterpillar, Maruca vitrata (Geyer) in Pigeonpea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zadda Kavitha ◽  
C. Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Habitat Manipulation ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Crop Environment

Background: Maruca vitrata is an economically important cryptic insect pest in pigeonpea. Caterpillar, the damaging stage hides in the webs thus escapes the contact with insecticides thus making an effective insecticide also ineffective. Hence, the role of some tall statured intercrops in the manipulation of pigeonpea crop environment for reducing the incidence of this webbing caterpillar was studied. Methods: Studies were conducted at NPRC, Vamban, Pudukottai dt., Tamil Nadu to study the effect of different intercrops in reducing the incidence of Maruca vitrata. During kharif 2016-17 and 2017-18, M. vitrata incidence was compared among the intercropping systems (pigeonpea with pearlmillet, sorghum and maize in 1:6 ratio) and sole pigeonpea crop. IPM modules were formulated in which botanical spray (NSKE 5% at bud initiation stage) and spray of recommended insecticide (indoxacarb 15.8 EC-0.7 ml/lt at flowering and 15 days later) were integrated with intercropping practice and tested for efficacy against this borer pest. Result: Intercropping of pigeonpea with pearlmillet was effective in managing the spotted pod borer. Coccinellids and spiders were more in intercropped pigeonpea than the sole pigeonpea crop. Synchronized flowering times of short duration pigeonpea and intercrops would have facilitated the transfer of natural enemies from intercrops to pigeonpea and this may be the one of the reasons for the lower insect population. IPM module I (pigeonpea intercropped with pearlmillet, NSKE and indoxacarb sprays) was effective in reducing the spotted pod borer damage. In IPM module I, yield of 770 kg/ha was obtained as against 550 kg/ha in sole pigeonpea crop. Among the IPM modules, high B:C ratio of 1:1.66 was recorded with IPM module I.

Infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes against the legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius, infesting pigeon pea

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pervez ◽  
U. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer ◽  
Maximum Penetration

Abstract The legume pod-borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (LPB), is an important insect pest of pigeon pea. Chemical pesticides are generally employed to manage this pest, but because of the soil residue issues and other environmental hazards associated with their use, biopesticides are also in demand. Another benign alternative is to use entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to manage this vital pest. In the present study, the infectivity of ten native EPNs was evaluated against LPB by assessing their penetration and production in the LPB. The effectiveness of the promising EPNs against second-, third- and fourth-instar LPB larvae was also studied. Heterorhabditis sp. (Indian Agricultural Research Institute-Entomopathogenic Nematodes Rashid Pervez (IARI-EPN RP) 06) and Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08) were found to be most pathogenic to LPB, resulting in about 100% mortality within 72 h, followed by Steinernema sp. (IARI-EPN RP 03 and 09). Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 04) was found to be the least pathogenic to LPB larva with 67% mortality. Maximum penetration was exhibited by Heterorhabditis sp. (IARI-EPN RP 06) followed by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08), whereas the lowest rate of penetration was exhibited by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 01). The highest rate of production was observed with Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08), followed by Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 04 and 10). Among the tested instars of the LPB larvae, second-instar larvae were more susceptible to EPNs, followed by third- and fourth-instar larvae. The results indicate that Heterorhabditis sp. (IARI-EPN RP 06) and Oscheius sp. (IARI-EPN RP 08) have a good potential to the manage LPB.

scholarly journals The spatial genetic differentiation of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata F. (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations in West Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Agunbiade ◽  
B.S. Coates ◽  
K.S. Kim ◽  
D. Forgacs ◽  
V.M. Margam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer

AbstractThe legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, is an endemic insect pest that causes significant yield loss to the cowpea crop in West Africa. The application of population genetic tools is important in the management of insect pests but such data on M. vitrata is lacking. We applied a set of six microsatellite markers to assess the population structure of M. vitrata collected at five sites from Burkina Faso, Niger and Nigeria. Observed polymorphisms ranged from one (marker 3393) to eight (marker 32008) alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 to 0.8 and 0.0 to 0.6, respectively. Three of the loci in samples from Nigeria and Burkina Faso deviated significantly from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE), whereas no loci deviated significantly in samples from Niger. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that 67.3% level of the genetic variation was within individuals compared to 17.3% among populations. A global estimate of FST=0.1 (ENA corrected FST=0.1) was significant (P⩽0.05) and corroborated by pairwise FST values that were significant among all possible comparisons. A significant correlation was predicted between genetic divergence and geographic distance between subpopulations (R2=0.6, P=0.04), and cluster analysis by the program STRUCTURE predicted that co-ancestry of genotypes were indicative of three distinct populations. The spatial genetic variance among M. vitrata in West Africa may be due to limited gene flow, south-north seasonal movement pattern or other reproductive barriers. This information is important for the cultural, chemical and biological control strategies for managing M. vitrata.

scholarly journals The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an important insect pest of cowpea: a review emphasizing West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Ba ◽  
J. E. Huesing ◽  
C. L. Dabiré-Binso ◽  
M. Tamò ◽  
B. R. Pittendrigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Legume Pod Borer

Maruca vitrata. [Distribution map].

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Mariana Islands ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Society Islands ◽  
Pod Borer

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) Lepidoptera: Pyralidae (bean pod borer, mung moth, legume pod borer). Attacks Vigna unguiculata, groundnuts, Phaseolus and other legumes. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Angola, Benin, Bioko, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Réunion, Rwands, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Andaman Islands, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Beijing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxu, Jiangxi, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang (Tibet), Zheijiang, Hong Kong, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Meghalaya, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Borneo, Java, Lombok, Moluccas, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, West Malaysia, Maldive Islands, Nanshei-shoto, Nepal, Nicobar Islands, Philippines, Sikkim, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia and Pacific Islands, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawaii, Irian Jaya, Louisiade Archip., Mariana Islands, Marquesas, New Caledonia, New Ireland, New Hanover, Norfolk Island, Papua New Guinea, American Samoa, Western Samoa, Society Islands, Tonga, Trobriand Islands, Tubuai Islands, Umboi Islands, Vanuatu, Central America and Caribbean, Antilles, Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Trinidad, South America, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uraguay, Venezuela.

scholarly journals Screening of blackgram varieties and role of biophysical characters on damage potential of spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata fabricius

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 680
Author(s):  
F. Miriam Amala Saleesha ◽  
V. R. Saminathan ◽  
S. Sheeba Joyce Roseleen ◽  
V. Rajanbabu ◽  
C. Gailce Leo Justin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Pod Borer

You Are the One I Want to Communicate With!

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Pierucci ◽  
Olivier Klein ◽  
Andrea Carnaghi
Keyword(s):  
Memory Bias ◽  
Shared Reality ◽  
Communication Partner ◽  
Shared Reality Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Study Participants

This article investigates the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect ( Higgins & Rholes, 1978 ). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to “get along” with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude toward the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall.

The Formation of Intermediate Product I in a Purified System The Role of Factor IX or of its Precursor and of a Hageman Factor-PTA Fraction

1961 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T Yin ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Haemophilia B ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The One

Summary1. The role of two clot promoting fractions isolated from either plasma or serum is studied in a purified system for the generation of intermediate product I in which the serum is replaced by factor X and the investigated fractions.2. Optimal generation of intermediate product I is possible in the purified system utilizing fractions devoid of factor IX one-stage activity. Prothrombin and thrombin are not necessary in this system.3. The fraction containing factor IX or its precursor, no measurable activity by the one-stage assay method, controls the yield of intermediate product I. No similar fraction can be isolated from haemophilia B plasma or serum.4. The Hageman factor — PTA fraction shortens the lag phase of intermediate product I formation and has no influence on the yield. This fraction can also be prepared from haemophilia B plasma or serum.

THE ROLE OF ANTHROPONYMS IN THE SEMANTIC FIELD OF ARTISTIC WORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (29) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Lidiya Derbenyova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
The One ◽  
A Minor ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Horizon Of Expectations

The article explores the role of antropoetonyms in the reader’s “horizon of expectation” formation. As a kind of “text in the text”, antropoetonyms are concentrating a large amount of information on a minor part of the text, reflecting the main theme of the work. As a “text” this class of poetonyms performs a number of functions: transmission and storage of information, generation of new meanings, the function of “cultural memory”, which explains the readers’ “horizon of expectations”. In analyzing the context of the literary work we should consider the function of antropoetonyms in vertical context (the link between artistic and other texts, and the groundwork system of culture), as well as in the context of the horizontal one (times’ connection realized in the communication chain from the word to the text; the author’s intention). In this aspect, the role of antropoetonyms in the structure of the literary text is extremely significant because antropoetonyms convey an associative nature, generating a complex mechanism of allusions. It’s an open fact that they always transmit information about the preceding text and suggest a double decoding. On the one hand, the recipient decodes this information, on the other – accepts this as a sort of hidden, “secret” sense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document