Local Governments’ Children and Youth Welfare Expenditures and their Determinants

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-56
Author(s):  
Meesook Kim ◽  
Ick-Joong Chung
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Youth Welfare ◽  
Welfare Expenditures

scholarly journals Development issues of the system of education, physical culture and sports in the context of decentralization of power

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
O. V. Poproshaiev ◽  
O. А. Poproshaievа
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Financial Independence

Carrying out in Ukraine of constitutional, administrative and municipal reforms highlighted a number of pressing issues, not only related to the formation territorial and legal basis for the activities of local authorities self-government, providing them with organizational, legal and material financial independence, but also the issue of effective decentralization management in the system of physical culture and sports and higher education that are capable respond to changing living conditions, needs and problems of modern youth and society as a whole. With the participation of domestic and foreign experts the Roadmap of reforms in the system of physical culture and sport and plan of events are worked out on her realization. In particular, the decision of questions is envisaged in relation to decentralization of plenary powers of Ministry of Youth and Sport of Ukraine as central executive and the transfer of children and youth sports schools into communal ownership. During the implementation of these standards there are serious problems with the functioning of children and youth sports schools in connection with their transfer to funding from the local budgets, which led to a significant reduction in these institutions in 2015. The challenge of sustainable development of physical culture and sports is the efforts of the previous leadership of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine to organize physical education classes in institutions of higher education in the form of electives, without final control and inclusion in curriculum. On the numerous appeals of the rectors, scientific-pedagogical and sports community of Ukraine to the leadership of the Ministry, provided answers that in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On higher education "activities of higher education institutions are carried out on the principles autonomy and self-government. Unfortunately, we have to state that in decentralization time, these problems have not been resolved. Public authorities, in fact, withdrew from support mass physical culture and sports, which in terms of legislation uncertainty leads to serious territorial problems in communities whose leadership does not pay the necessary attention to issues physical culture and sports. And in terms of autonomy and self-government some institutions of higher education are destroying the physical system education. All this significantly affects the strengthening of physical, mental and reproductive health of young people and the defense capabilities of the State as a whole. Therefore, the search for an effective model of public balance regulation combined with organizational and legal and material financial independence of local governments and autonomy higher education institutions is a top priority.

Fiscal Stress in Local Government: A Case Study of the Tri-Cities in the Commonwealth of Virginia

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaw Agyeman Badu ◽  
Sheng Yung Li
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Fiscal Stress ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Effort ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Welfare Expenditures

Ability to raise sufficient revenue to satisfy expenditure needs is the most important concern in local government financing. Local governments under fiscal stress often need to dig deep into their tax base to generate enough financing because of inflexible revenue resources. This paper examines the factors that determine the level of tax effort, particularly the influences of fiscal stress on the tax effort of three adjacent small cities in Virginia. An ordinary least squared model was formulated for this purpose. Our findings indicate that, together with fiscal stress, retail sales, state aid, the joint effect of unemployment and welfare expenditures are important factors in predicting the tax effort. The difference in response among the cities in question is also established as a result of the analysis.

scholarly journals On the Results of the Expertise of Normative Acts of the Regions of the Russian Federation and Foreign Countries to Identify the Best Practices of Legal Regulation of Children and Youth, Student and Adaptive Sports

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Tudukova ◽  
Ekaterina Kovalenko ◽  
Olga Shavandina
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Omsk Oblast ◽  
Novosibirsk Oblast ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Adaptive Sports

The article describes the results of the expertise of normative acts of 22 regions of Russia, carried out by the authors in order to identify the best practices of legal regulation of children and youth, student and adaptive sports. The analysis of the listed normative acts has showed that the provisions on youth, student and adaptive sports were reflected through the consolidation of the relevant norms as the powers of the authorities of the subjects, the powers of local governments, priority areas of support or principles of legislation, provisions on additional support. Some normative acts contain separate articles or chapters devoted to physical education and the development of physical culture and sports in educational organizations, as well as devoted to adaptive physical culture. The provisions on children and youth, student and adaptive sports are most extensively reflected in the corresponding laws of the city of Moscow, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Sverdlovsk Oblast, the Omsk Oblast, the Novosibirsk Oblast. The studied issue has received the smallest amount of legal regulation in the law of the Samara Oblast. The article also provides the results of a selective expertise of the regulations of the autonomous communities of Spain and the regulations of some US states. Based on the results of the expertise, recommendations have been formulated for the further improvement of the Russian regional legislation in the studied field. In particular, it has been recommended to formulate and consolidate the norms determined by the characteristics of a particular region, to include them in the text of law provisions on specific measures, in particular, on the development of sports infrastructure, using the possibilities of the institution of social partnership, to include provisions aimed at creating a positive attitude towards a healthy lifestyle and sports from an early age, tolerant attitude towards physically impaired athletes.

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