scholarly journals Island vs. countryside biogeography: an examination of how Amazonian birds respond to forest clearing and fragmentation

Ecosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. art295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared D. Wolfe ◽  
Philip C. Stouffer ◽  
Karl Mokross ◽  
Luke L. Powell ◽  
Marina M. Anciães
Keyword(s):  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Countryside Biogeography

scholarly journals Complete genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines show responses to climate fluctuations but no evidence for genomic erosion prior to extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 20190491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Dussex ◽  
Johanna von Seth ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
Olga Kardailsky ◽  
Bruce C. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Demographic Trajectories ◽  
Human Climate

Human intervention, pre-human climate change (or a combination of both), as well as genetic effects, contribute to species extinctions. While many species from oceanic islands have gone extinct due to direct human impacts, the effects of pre-human climate change and human settlement on the genomic diversity of insular species and the role that loss of genomic diversity played in their extinctions remains largely unexplored. To address this question, we sequenced whole genomes of two extinct New Zealand passerines, the huia ( Heteralocha acutirostris ) and South Island kōkako ( Callaeas cinereus ). Both species showed similar demographic trajectories throughout the Pleistocene. However, the South Island kōkako continued to decline after the last glaciation, while the huia experienced some recovery. Moreover, there was no indication of inbreeding resulting from recent mating among closely related individuals in either species. This latter result indicates that population fragmentation associated with forest clearing by Maōri may not have been strong enough to lead to an increase in inbreeding and exposure to genomic erosion. While genomic erosion may not have directly contributed to their extinctions, further habitat fragmentation and the introduction of mammalian predators by Europeans may have been an important driver of extinction in huia and South Island kōkako.

scholarly journals Humid tropical forest clearing from 2000 to 2005 quantified by using multitemporal and multiresolution remotely sensed data

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (27) ◽  
pp. 9439-9444 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Hansen ◽  
S. V. Stehman ◽  
P. V. Potapov ◽  
T. R. Loveland ◽  
J. R. G. Townshend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Humid Tropical Forest

scholarly journals Soil Phosphorus Transformations Following Forest Clearing for Pasture in the Brazilian Amazon

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Garcia-Montiel ◽  
Christopher Neill ◽  
Jerry Melillo ◽  
Suzanne Thomas ◽  
Paul A. Steudler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Clearing

scholarly journals Structure of Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) Communities in Different, Anthropically Disturbed Beech Ecosystems (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mihál ◽  
Ľ. Černecká
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Western Carpathians ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The authors evaluate the impact of different types of forestry management, and other anthropic disturbances, on harvestmen (Opiliones) communities in sub-mountain beech stands in the Western Carpathians. Harvestmen were studied in three main localities, consisting of nine partial plots (Žiar nad Hronom - (1) control closed canopy stand; Jalná - (2) control stand, (3) thinning stand, (4) 11-year old forest clearing, and (5) 2-year old forest clearing; Kováčová - (6) control stand, (7) coppice, (8) 10-year old forest clearing, and (9) 3-year old forest clearing). In total, 16 harvestmen species were found, representing 45.7 % of the 35 harvestmen species range known in Slovakia to date. Th e most abundant species, i. e., those with the highest dominance values (D), were Lophopilio palpinalis (D = 22.8%), Trogulus nepaeformis (D = 17.9%), Lacinius ephippiatus (D = 12.2%), Trogulus tricarinatus (D = 11.3%), Oligolophus tridens (D = 10.5%), and Nemastoma lugubre (D = 6.7%). At the partial plot of the 3-year old forest clearing, we found eight harvestmen species and noticed a high number of specimens (5.49) caught in one individual trap, and this was also the highest number among all the nine sites.

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