Soil Response to Forest Clearing in the United States and the Tropics: Geological and Biological Factors

Biotropica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Soil Response ◽  
Forest Clearing ◽  
The Tropics

Like a Town Sacked and Burned by the Enemy

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-194
Author(s):  
Charles D. Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Normal State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Partner ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ardent Supporter ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The City

This chapter narrates how Nassau resumed its normal state as a forgotten and destitute outpost. It outlines the effects of the Civil War in the United States, the cessation of blockade running, and the financial windfall of 1862–1864. The chapter then looks at the powerful hurricane that hit the city, in which hundreds of homes and businesses were completely destroyed. It recounts the center of opposition to blockade-running efforts during the war — the US consulate, and the four men who occupied that office to stop the shipping of contraband: Sam Whiting, Seth Hawley, and Vice-consul William Thompson. It also discusses the significance of Charles Jackson, John Howell, and Epes Sargent in providing aid to the consul's office during the war. The chapter argues that former US consul Timothy Darling was the only prominent merchant to be an ardent supporter of the Union cause, adding he was a true New Englander living in the tropics and was in strong opposition to the slave-holding Confederacy. The chapter also notes the contributions of Lewis Heyliger in Confederate departments, the cotton brokers, and the shipments coming in from Europe. Ultimately, it highlights how Henry Adderley, his son Augustus, and their business partner and Henry's son-in-law George David Harris epitomized the success of the opportunism surrounding the Great Carnival.

scholarly journals Natural Gas Prices and the Extreme Winters of 2011/12 and 2013/14: Causes, Indicators, and Interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879-1894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
Stephen Bennett ◽  
Jason M. Cordeira ◽  
Jake Crouch ◽  
Jenny Dissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Natural Gas Markets ◽  
Global Recession ◽  
Warm Anomaly ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Day-to-day volatility in natural gas markets is driven largely by variability in heating demand, which is in turn dominated by cool-season temperature anomalies over the northeastern quadrant of the United States (“Midwest–East”). Energy traders rely on temperature forecasts at horizons of 2–4 weeks to anticipate those fluctuations in demand. Forecasts from dynamical models are widely available, so the markets react quickly to changes in the model predictions. Traders often work with meteorologists who leverage teleconnections from the tropics and the Arctic to improve upon the model forecasts. This study demonstrates how natural gas prices react to Midwest–East temperatures using the anomalous winters of 2011/12 and 2013/14. These examples also illustrate how energy meteorologists use teleconnections from the Arctic and the tropics to forecast heating demand. Winter 2011/12 was exceptionally warm, consistent with the positive Arctic Oscillation (AO). March 2012 was a fitting exclamation point on the winter as it featured the largest warm anomaly for the United States above the twentieth-century climatology of any month since 1895. The resulting lack of heating demand led to record surpluses of natural gas storage and spurred prices downward to an 11-yr low in April 2012. In sharp contrast, winter 2013/14 was unusually cold. An anomalous Alaskan ridge led to cold air being transported from Siberia into the United States, despite the AO generally being positive. The ensuing swell in heating demand exhausted the surplus natural gas inventory, and prices rose to their highest levels since the beginning of the global recession in 2008.

LatinX botanical epistemologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 108-124
Author(s):  
María DeGuzmán
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Tropical Plants ◽  
Botanical Knowledge ◽  
The Tropics

How is the field of Latina/o Studies concerning itself with “botanical epistemologies” in light of what scholar Claudia Milian has described as “environmental forecasts and new forms of LatinX displacements and transitions”? How have botanical epistemologies been associated with LatinX populations in the United States and its territories? How is the present-day “order of things” bringing social, economic, cultural, and ideological pressures to bear upon these epistemologies? As Chipper Wichman, Director of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, explains, “plants hold the answer to mitigating climate change, feeding the hungry, providing cures for diseases, and much more” and “80 percent or more of the planet’s biodiversity exists in the tropics and approximately one third of all tropical plants are threatened with extinction.” Plants provide living creatures with food and medicines and are responsible for producing the oxygen that makes life possible. However, “the loss of biodiversity-based cultural knowledge [of plants] is widely reported, globally as well as at the level of communities and individuals.” Specifically, LatinXs have not received credit for their botanical knowledge or its practices. This essay unearths how Latina/o Studies can help us to think through the relations among “LatinX,” botany, and the crossroads of survival and extinction—what the author proposes as “LatinX botanical epistemologies.”

scholarly journals The effect of grass on trees

1925 ◽  
Vol 97 (683) ◽  
pp. 284-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
The United States ◽  
Temperate Zone ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
The Tropics

In the meadows and pastures of the temperate regions and the tropics, trees flourish when surrounded by communities of grasses and herbs. Such grassland is, with few exceptions, an artificial product, created by man from areas originally forest, and maintained in its present condition by such agencies as grazing, cropping, mowing and manuring. If left to themselves most of the meadows and pastures on the earth’s surface would soon revert to the original forest, the rate depending on a number of circumstances, including the nature of the weapons possessed by the trees in suppressing the grasses and herbs. In the tropics, where pastures are much fewer than in the temperate zone, grassland after enclosure becomes covered by shrubs and trees with remarkable rapidity. Although trees soon oust grasses from the habitat under conditions of free competition, nevertheless cases occur in which grass is able to suppress certain species of trees. One such example has recently been investigated in great detail in Great Britain by the Duke of Bedford and the late Mr. S. U. Pickering. At the Woburn Experiment Station fruit trees such as apples, pears, plums and cherries failed to flourish under grass on a heavy clay soil. Similar results have been obtained in the United States and also on the Gangetic alluvium at Pusa.

Dollars and Lipstick: The United States Through the Eyes of African Women

Africa ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvette Djachechi Monga
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Women ◽  
African Countries ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
The Future ◽  
American Children ◽  
The Tropics

AbstractIn their quest for material well-being Cameroonian women see the United States as a country of virtually boundless opportunities. It is Eldorado, offering chances of earning money by selling cosmetics that are guaranteed not to have been tampered with. It is the new frontier, the Far West, where mothers send their children to study in the hope that a job-oriented education will make it easier for them to return home. It is the future, prefigured in the New York skyscrapers; Cameroonian mothers dream of bringing forth American children, and so giving tham a better chance of absorbing this world of the future. When the American dream is not accessible, the United States still offers an imaginary space where women reinvent the conditions of their existence by adopting some of the signs of American culture in their everyday life in the tropics. The use of lipstick thus appears as the symbol of a world-culture behind which hovers the giant image of the United States. The experiences of Cameroonian women can be extended to women in other African countries and, beyond, to the men of Africa, also suffering the precariousness of the present, faced with the same challenges of the future and engaged in the same quest for material well-being.

Are Cattle Markets the Last Frontier? Vertical Coordination in Animal-Based Procurement Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Crespi ◽  
Tina L. Saitone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Vertical Integration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Vertical Coordination ◽  
Cattle Markets ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Over Time

Vertical integration and contracting have been documented as important developments in enhancing the efficiency of supply chains in agriculture. Despite the efficiency gains, movement toward greater integration remains controversial. Meanwhile, the diffusion of these alternative procurement mechanisms has been heterogeneous over time and across commodities. In this review we compare and contrast the livestock and poultry industries in the United States to provide insights into the future of integration and coordination throughout the beef cattle supply chain. While similarities exist across livestock and poultry industries, there are significant differences that placed the beef industry on a different trajectory, with a variety of structural and biological factors that have limited the industry's progression toward greater integration.

The Commissary Issue in American-Panamanian Relations 1900-1936

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Crime ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Chief Engineer ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Railroad Company

Although the Panama Railroad Company had operated commissaries in the nineteenth century, not until the United States had begun canal construction in 1904 did pressure increase for supplies and services. In 1905 Canal Zone Governor Charles Magoon reported that two salary increases had been granted to meet rising food costs on the isthmus. On each occasion, however, the salary increment was offset by the Panamanian merchants who had raised commodity prices. Laborers purportedly slipped into the jungle in search of food. In July, 1905, Governor Magoon and Chief Engineer of the canal project, John F. Stevens, agreed to establish a commissary system to distribute food at cost to the canal labor force totalling approximately 17,000 men. Apparently reacting to the jungle environment and to greedy Panamanian merchants, the United States government turned to the commissary operation. With time's passing, the commissaries blossomed “from a pork and beans beginning to silk stocking maturity.” By the late 1940's, the casual visitor wondered if he had stumbled upon a typical United States Department store in the tropics. Many Panamanians were deeply angered by this business activity, believing that their country's economy had been crushed and their right to live and expand denied. Some Panamanians charged that an international crime had been committed by the United States against the small nation. The Republic's merchants contended that most of the commissary trade actually belonged to them.

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