Risk Estimations of the Conjunction of Victim and Crime Event Characteristics on the Lethal Outcome of Sexual Assaults

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
Tom Mieczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Crime Event

This study examines what factors may distinguish injury from death in sexual crimes. We suggest that victim characteristics may work in conjunction with the crime context to enhance or reduce a fatal outcome once a sexual assault is underway. Based on a sample of 201 sex offenders who either physically injured or killed their victim, we calculate risk estimations of lethal and injurious outcomes for various conjunctions of victim characteristics and contextual aspects of the crime event. One of the most interesting findings is the apparent protective effects of a victim’s criminogenic environment, which consistently appears to decrease the probability of a fatal outcome.

Sexual homicide and violent offenders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Beauregard
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Sexual Homicide ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Offender Characteristics

This essay explores whether the sexual murderer is a unique type of sex offender. Two competing hypotheses of sexual homicide are outlined: the unique type hypothesis and the situational hypothesis. The essay discusses the heterogeneity of sexual murderers and reviews the different typologies of sexual homicide and the most common types. Differences and similarities between sexual murderers and non-homicidal sex offenders are reviewed, focusing on offender characteristics, criminal career, situational factors, and modus operandi/crime characteristics. The essay examines the factors leading to a lethal outcome in sexual assaults by looking at the most important factors, and the combinations of factors, leading to the death of the victim. Misconceptions about the modus operandi of sexual murderers are discussed along with the main behaviors they use to commit their crime. Finally the essay explores the differences between serial and non-serial sexual murderers.

Wrongful Conviction in Sexual Assault: Stranger Rape, Acquaintance Rape, and Intra-Familial Child Sexual Assaults

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
Marina Sorochinski
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Acquaintance Rape ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Wrongful Conviction ◽  
Wrongful Convictions ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Sexual Crime ◽  
Crime Investigation

This article reviews the recently published book by M. B. Johnson— Wrongful conviction in sexual assault: Stranger rape, acquaintance rape, and intra-familial child sexual assaults. The focus of the book is on the unique combination of factors specifically within sexual crime investigation and legislation that lead to the overrepresentation of this type of crimes within wrongful convictions. The book presents a detailed analysis of social context, and historical backdrop specific to wrongful convictions in sexual crimes. It is a highly informative and well-written book.

Death in Sadistic Sexual Crimes: A Neural Network Analysis of Factors Associated With a Lethal Outcome

2022 ◽  
pp. 009385482110669
Author(s):  
Julien Chopin ◽  
Eric Beauregard ◽  
Park Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Neural Network Analysis ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Practical Implications

This study aims to determine the factors associated with the victim’s death in sadistic sexual crimes. Specifically, this article examined whether the lethal outcome is more likely to be associated with an escalation of violence during the crime-commission process, an instrumental motivation, or the manifestation of specific sadistic fantasies. We used a database including 735 cases of sadistic sexual assaults. Among this sample, 100 sadistic sexual assaults ended with a lethal outcome. Bivariate analyses, logistic regression, and neural network models were used to identify how the different factors predicted the lethal outcome of sadistic crimes. Our results show that the expression of sadistic behaviors associated with torture and/or bodily punishment plays a fundamental role in the lethal outcome of sadistic sexual crimes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Impact of poor evidence management on DNA profiling in sexual assault and homicide: A case report

2021 ◽  
pp. 002581722096648
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Pooja Puri ◽  
SK Shukla ◽  
Deepa Verma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Biological Evidence

Increasing numbers of female victims of violent sexual assaults are being murdered with the aim of concealing the identity of the perpetrator. Proper handling and analysis of evidence is very important in gaining a conviction in many criminal cases. After evidence is collected, due precautions must be taken to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, and chances of contamination are minimised. This paper presents a case study where improper handling of biological evidence led to loss of evidentiary value, and the semen could not be located on the vaginal swabs and victim’s garments due to improper preservation of samples. However, the DNA from the nail of a decomposed finger helped identify the victim, and the suspect was apprehended based on the clues given by her family.

Making the Call: College Students’ Legal Consciousness and Hypothetical Activation of Police for Sexual Assaults

2021 ◽  
pp. 107780122110211
Author(s):  
Trish Oberweis ◽  
Dayna Henry ◽  
Stacey Griner ◽  
Ekaterina Gorislavsky
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Willingness To Report ◽  
Assault Prevention

Research has identified the necessity of sexual assault victims to label their experience as criminal to initiate reporting. However, barriers exist in labeling uninvited sexual contact as criminal. This study examined college students’ assessments of whether eight nonconsensual behaviors met the legal definition of sexual assault, and whether such behaviors should be reported to police. Results indicated students acknowledged the nonconsensual behaviors as criminal; however, gaps were identified between awareness that the acts were criminal and willingness to report to police. Findings demonstrate a need for continued efforts for sexual assault prevention among college students.

Causes and outcomes of hospitalizations among people living with HIV in Georgia’s referral institution, 2012–2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-670
Author(s):  
Nino Rukhadze ◽  
Ole Kirk ◽  
Nikoloz Chkhartishvili ◽  
Natalia Bolokadze ◽  
Lali Sharvadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Clinical Immunology ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell

We assessed trends in causes and outcomes of hospitalization among people living with HIV (PLWH) admitted to the Infectious Diseases, AIDS and Clinical Immunology Research Center (IDACIRC) in Tbilisi, Georgia. Retrospective analysis included adult PLWH admitted to IDACIRC for at least 24 h. Internationally validated categorization was used to split AIDS admissions into mild, moderate, and severe AIDS. A total of 2085 hospitalizations among 1123 PLWH were registered over 2012–2017 with 65.1% (731/1123) of patients presenting with CD4 count <200. Of 2085 hospitalizations, 931 (44.7%) were due to AIDS-defining illnesses. In 2012, AIDS conditions accounted for 50.3% of admissions compared to 41.6% in 2017 ( p = 0.16). Overall, 167 hospitalizations (8.0%) resulted in lethal outcome. AIDS admissions had higher mortality than non-AIDS admissions (11.5% vs 5.2%, p < 0.0001). Among 167 deceased patients, 137 (82.0%) had CD4 count <200 at admission. In multivariate analysis, factors significantly associated with mortality included severe AIDS versus non-AIDS admission (OR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.10–7.15), CD4 cell counts <50 (OR 4.34, 95% CI: 2.52–7.47), and 50–100 (OR 2.37, 95% CI: 1.27–4.42) versus >200. Active AIDS disease remains a significant cause of hospitalization and fatal outcome in Georgia. Earlier diagnosis of HIV is critical for decreasing AIDS hospitalizations and mortality.

scholarly journals Sexual Assault: Social and Stranger Rape

1987 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Edward Renner ◽  
Carol Wackett
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
To Receive

The Service for Sexual Assault Victims in Halifax reviewed 474 cases of sexual assault handled over a three-year period to determine the nature and relative frequency of social and stranger sexual assault. Women are most likely to be sexually assaulted by a man who is known to and often trusted by them. Women who are raped in a social context are less willing than those raped by a stranger to seek help at the time of the assault, to receive medical attention, or to report the rape to the police. They are also less likely to be threatened with physical harm or to receive physical injury. The cultural values which are responsible for the high frequency of sexual assaults by men who are known to their victims, and for the reluctance of the women to disclose the assault, are discussed.

College students’ alcohol expectancies and sexual assault bystander behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Alcohol Expectancies ◽  
Sexual Assault Prevention ◽  
Sexual Assaults ◽  
Bystander Behavior ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Assault Prevention ◽  
College Sexual Assault ◽  
Linear Regressions

Many college sexual assault prevention efforts have focused on the bystander approach. Whilemost sexual assaults among students occur within the context of alcohol, no studies have examined theimpact of alcohol-related factors on bystander behavior. This exploratory study assessed relationshipsbetween students’ alcohol expectancies and the likelihood of intervening in a potential sexual assault.Students(n=220) completed an online survey. Linear regressions were performed. Among men, greateroverall expectancy scores(Stnd.ß=0.375,p=.008) and greater sociability scores(Stnd.ß=0.354,p=.012)were related to greater likelihood of action. Among women, greater self-perception scores were related toless likelihood of action(Stnd.ß=-0.215,p=.010). Explanations for differences between sexes are explored.

Sex offenders: una ricerca in una casa circondariale italiana (Sex offenders: a study in an italian discritct penitentiary)

2009 ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Patrizia Patrizi ◽  
Filippo Petruccelli ◽  
Irene Petruccelli ◽  
Chiara Simonelli ◽  
Alfredo De Risio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Personality Profiles ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Sexual Crimes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Prisoners

- A large number of studies have aimed at outlining the personality profile of sex offenders; however, due to the heterogenousness of such crime and their perpetrators, this task is very difficult. This study attempts to highlight the different types of sex offenders, their personality profiles, their possible defence mechanisms. Methods: Subjects of this study are male prisoners detained in a special section of the district penitentiary in Velletri (Rome, Italy). All subjects (N=8) were convicted of sexual crimes towards children and/or women. Their mean age is 51. Prisoners on remand were not included in this study. The adopted tools are: a Grid for collecting the anamnesis and the information regarding the crime; the Big Five Questionnaire; the Sesamo. Results and conclusions: Results proved the difficulties to outline a personality profile of sex offenders, but pointed out some common psycho-sexual aspects. These aspects were probably related to the prison situation of the subjects. Key words: sex offenders; personality profile; district penitentiary.

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