Cognitive Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Significance of Comorbid Personality Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Sanderson ◽  
Aaron T. Beck ◽  
Lata K. McGinn
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Beck Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference

Thirty-two patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder were treated with cognitive therapy. Patients attended weekly one-hour sessions and there was no predetermined duration of treatment. Prior to treatment, each patient was evaluated for a comorbid personality disorder (PD) using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-ffi-R Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Patients completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the intake evaluation and at their final session. Sixteen of the 32 patients were diagnosed with a comorbid PD at the intake evaluation. A total of 22 patients completed a minimum course of cognitive therapy, which was defined as six sessions. Overall, there was a significant reduction of BAI and BDI scores for patients with and without a PD. There was no significant difference between the two groups. However, patients with a comorbid PD were more likely to drop out of treatment Seven of the 10 dropouts had a comorbid PD as compared to only 9 out of the 22 completers.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Derajat Ansietas antara Penyandang Hipertensi Belum Terkontrol dengan yang Terkontrol

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cerelia E. C. Sugeng ◽  
Emma Sy. Moeis ◽  
Glady I. Rambert
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Office Blood Pressure ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

Abstract: Hypertension and anxiety are among the group of the most common chronic disease worldwide, and according to numerous studies they are oftentimes associated each other. Patients suffered from chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, may have negative emotion that increases the risk of mental disorders, most commonly anxiety disorder. This study was aimed to assess the difference of anxiety degree between uncontrolled and controlled hypertensive patients. This was an observational analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Subjects were divided into two groups: controlled and uncontrolled hypertensive patients. Measurement of blood pressure parameter was performed by using office blood pressure monitoring. Anxiety parameter was classified based on the scoring of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney test. Subjects consisted of 60 hypertensive patients (35 males and 25 females), aged 30-70 years (mean 56.48 years). There were 35 controlled hypertension patients and 22 uncontrolled hypertensive patients. The results showed that the difference in anxiety degree based on GAD-7 between controlled hypertensive and uncontrolled hypertensive groups obtained a p-value of 0.000. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in anxiety degree between uncontrolled and controlled hypertensive patients. Screening for anxiety among hypertensive patients is a simple and cost-effective tool that may improve outcomes.Keywords: anxiety, uncontrolled hypertension, controlled hypertension Abstrak: Hipertensi dan ansietas merupakan kelompok penyakit kronik yang paling umum di seluruh dunia. Berdasarkan banyak penelitian kedua penyakit ini saling berhubungan satu sama lain. Penyandang hipertensi mungkin memiliki emosi negatif yang meningkatkan risiko terjadinya gangguan mental berupa ansietas. Ansietas dan dukungan sosial rendah akan menghambat proses penyembuhan terutama dalam mengontrol tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge-tahui apakah terdapat perbedaan derajat ansietas antara penyandang hipertensi belum terkontrol dengan hipertensi terkontrol. Jenis penelitian ialah analitik observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok penyandang hipertensi belum terkontrol dan hipertensi terkontrol. Pengukuran parameter tekanan darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Oscillometric digital dengan cara Office Blood Pressure Monitoring (OBPM). Parameter ansietas diklasifikasikan berdasarkan skala Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Adanya perbedaan derajat ansietas antara kedua kelompok dinilai dengan uji Mann-Whitney. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 60 penyandang hipertensi (35 laki-laki dan 25 perempuan) berusia 30-70 tahun (rerata 56,48 tahun). Terdapat 25 penyandang hipertensi yang belum terkontrol dan 35 penyandang hipertensi terkontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan derajat ansietas berdasarkan GAD-7 antara kedua kelompok (p=0,000). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terdapat perbedaan bermakna dalam derajat ansietas antara penyandang hipertensi yang belum terkontrol dengan yang terkontrol. Skrining ansietas pada penyandang hipertensi merupakan modalitas penting dalam penatalaksanaan penyandang hipertensi.Kata kunci: ansietas, hipertensi belum terkontrol, hipertensi terkontrol

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for generalized anxiety disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Evans ◽  
Stephen Ferrando ◽  
Marianne Findler ◽  
Charles Stowell ◽  
Colette Smart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety

ONE YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF COGNITIVE THERAPY, ANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY AND ANXIETY MANAGEMENT TRAINING FOR GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER: SYMPTOM CHANGE, MEDICATION USAGE AND ATTITUDES TO TREATMENT

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Durham ◽  
Peter L. Fisher ◽  
Linda R. Trevling ◽  
Cathryn M. Hau ◽  
Karen Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Medication Usage ◽  
Anxiety Management ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
One Year

A one year follow-up is reported of a randomized clinical trial with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in which the main comparison was between analytic psychotherapy (AP) and cognitive therapy (CT), each delivered at weekly or fortnightly intervals over a six month period. CT was found to be significantly more effective than AP. However, GAD is a chronic and relapsing condition and follow-up data are needed to assess the durability of improvement and the possibility that the benefits of analytic psychotherapy may be more apparent over the longer term. Data were collected in three areas: (1) symptomatology and overall improvement; (2) medication usage and contact with GPs; and (3) attitudes to therapy. CT was clearly superior to AP on the main outcome measures and only a minority of AP patients made significant improvements. CT but not AP was associated with significant reductions in medication usage, and patients receiving CT were generally more positive about treatment received. Differences between treatments were less evident in the less intensive treatment condition where overall results were relatively poor. The most positive outcomes were achieved in the more intensive CT condition in which approximately two-thirds of patients achieved clinically significant improvements.

Meta-Cognition and Worry: A Cognitive Model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Wells
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Negative Appraisal

A meta-cognitive classification and analysis of factors contributing to the development of problematic worry is presented. Dimensions of meta-beliefs, meta-worry, cognitive consciousness, and strategies can be distinguished. A cognitive model of Generalized Anxiety Disorder is advanced based on this framework in which GAD results from an interaction between the motivated use of worry as a coping strategy, negative appraisal of worry, and worry control attempts. These factors result from combinations of dysfunctional meta-beliefs and contribute to subjectively diminished cognitive control. The model presents new implications for a cognitive therapy of GAD, and these are illustrated with a single case treatment study.

Magical Thinking in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie West ◽  
Paul Willner
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: Magical thinking (MT), which has historically been associated with psychotic disorders, has more recently been found to be a central cognitive construct in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) that is associated with a poor prognosis (Einstein and Menzies, 2008). Although MT has been found to distinguish OCD from Panic Disorder (PD) (Einstein and Menzies, 2006), little is known about its role in other anxiety disorders. Aims: This study aimed to compare whether elevated levels of magical thinking could distinguish individuals with OCD from non-anxious controls and individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Method: The Magical Ideation Scale (MIS, Eckblad and Chapman, 1983) was used to compare levels of magical thinking in groups of individuals with OCD (n = 40), GAD (n = 15), and a normal control group (n = 19). Results: As expected, the mean MIS score of the OCD group was significantly higher than that of the non-clinical group. Interestingly, there was no significant difference between the mean MIS scores of the OCD and GAD group. However, the results of correlational analyses suggest that it may have differing roles in these disorders. Conclusions: Although elevated MT is evident in individuals with OCD, it may not be specific to OCD and may also be prominent in GAD. Further research is recommended to elucidate the exact role of this construct in these disorders.

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