scholarly journals Traumatic Childbirth and Its Aftermath: Is There Anything Positive?

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Tatano Beck ◽  
Sue Watson ◽  
Robert K. Gable
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Traumatic Birth ◽  
Disorder Symptom ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory ◽  
Traumatic Childbirth

Up to 45% of new mothers have reported experiencing birth trauma. For some individuals who have experienced a traumatic event, there can be a positive legacy called posttraumatic growth. Using Tedeschi and Calhoun’s Posttraumatic Growth Model as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this pilot study was to determine levels of posttraumatic stress, core beliefs disruption, and posttraumatic growth in women who have experienced traumatic childbirth. Thirty mothers completed the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale-Self Report, Core Beliefs Inventory, and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Type of birth and length of time since the traumatic birth occurred predicted 38% of the variance in posttraumatic growth. In order to help mothers, childbirth educators need to understand the process involved in posttraumatic growth.

Psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Scale Interview for DSM–5 (PSSI–5).

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna B. Foa ◽  
Carmen P. McLean ◽  
Yinyin Zang ◽  
Jody Zhong ◽  
Sheila Rauch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Disorder Symptom

scholarly journals Intensive EMDR to Treat Patients With Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Series

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelies Bongaerts ◽  
Agnes Van Minnen ◽  
Ad de Jongh
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Complex Ptsd ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Emdr Therapy

There is mounting evidence suggesting that by increasing the frequency of treatment sessions, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment outcomes significantly improve. As part of an ongoing research project, this study examined the safety and effectiveness of intensive eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in a group of seven (four female) patients suffering from complex PTSD and multiple comorbidities resulting from childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and/or work and combat-related trauma. Treatment was not preceded by a preparation phase and consisted of 2 × 4 consecutive days of EMDR therapy administered in morning and afternoon sessions of 90 minutes each, interspersed with intensive physical activity and psychoeducation. Outcome measures were the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the PTSD Symptom Scale Self-report questionnaire (PSS-SR). During treatment, neither personal adverse events nor dropout occurred. CAPS scores decreased significantly from pre- to posttreatment, and four of the seven patients lost their PTSD diagnosis as established with the CAPS. The results were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) on the CAPS and PSS-SR were large: 3.2, 1.7 (prepost) and 2.3, 2.1 (prefollow-up), respectively. The results of this case series suggest that an intensive program using EMDR therapy is a potentially safe and effective treatment alternative for complex PTSD. The application of massed, consecutive days of treatments using EMDR therapy for patients suffering from PTSD, particularly those with multiple comorbidities, merits more clinical and research attention.

scholarly journals SUBJEKTYVAUS TRAUMINIO PATYRIMO IR POTRAUMINIO AUGIMO BEI POTRAUMINIO STRESO SUTRIKIMO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Irma Šimėnaitė ◽  
Danutė Gailienė
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Traumatic Experience ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale

Potrauminis augimas yra teigiami psichologiniai padariniai po traumos, kurie pasireiškia savęs suvokimo, požiūrio į pasaulį ir tarpasmeninių santykių pokyčiais (Tedeschi and Calhoun, 1996). Pozityvūs procesai po traumos dar tik pradedami tyrinėti, todėl nėra žinoma, kokios yra potrauminio augimo (PTA), trauminio įvykio intensyvumo ir potrauminio streso sutrikimo (PTSS) sąsajos. Siekiant įvertinti ryšius tarp trauminės patirties ir PTSS bei PTA, buvo ištirti 104 studentiško amžiaus jaunuoliai, per savo gyvenimą patyrę bent vieną trauminį įvykį. Tako analizės modelis parodė, kad subjektyvus trauminės patirties intensyvumasyra veiksnys, reikšmingai prognozuojantis tiek PTSS, tiek PTA. Kuo reakcija į trauminį įvykį yra stipresnė, tuo labiau išreikšti PTSS ir PTA požymiai. Nustatytas nestiprus teigiamas ryšys tarp PTSS ir PTA parodė, kad, norėdami geriau suprasti, kaip jaučiasi asmenys po traumos, turime atsižvelgti ir į teigiamus (PTA), ir į neigiamus (PTSS) traumos padarinius. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: trauma, potrauminis stresas, potrauminis augimas.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAUMA EXPOSURE, POSTTRAUMATIC GROWTH AND POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDEREvaldas Kazlauskas, Irma Šimėnaitė, Danutė Gailienė SummaryObjectives: The notion that traumatic experiences may have an impact on human mind is very old. Recent developments in psychotraumatology shifted the approach to a trauma from a purely negative to a more positive perspective. Research confirmed that traumatic events may lead not only to posttraumatic stress or other disorders, but also to positive changes. The present research was based on the concept of Posttraumatic Growth developed by Calhoun and Tedeschi (1996), which is widely known in the field of traumatic stress. Although the number of Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) research is growing rapidly, little is known about Posttraumatic Growth predictors. The present research was designed to find out the links between Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress and initial reactions to the traumatic event. We set up two goals of the study: 1) evaluation of how initial traumatic reactions predict PTG, and 2) assessment of links between PTG and PTSD.Methods: A group of 104 university students exposed to at least one life-time traumatic event participated in the study. The average time gap between exposure to a traumatic event and the time of research was 43 months. The intensity of initial reactions to a traumatic event was measured using a 10-item selfrating inventory developed by the authors of the present study. The Subjective Traumatic Experience (STE) inventory consisted of items covering cognitive, emotional and physiological reactions to a traumatic event. Posttraumatic Growth was measured using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PGI) developed by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996). Previous research showed satisfactory psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version of PGI (Gailienë & Kazlauskas, 2005). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder was measured using the Lithuanian version of Impact of Event Scale – Revised (IES-R). A recent validation of the IES-R on Lithuanian population showed its good psychometric properties (Kazlauskas et al., 2006).

Three Studies on the Reliability and Validity of a Self-Report Measure of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Lauterbach ◽  
Scott Vrana
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes three studies of the reliability and validity of a newly revised version of the Purdue Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale (PPTSD-R). The PPTSD-R is a 17-item questionnaire that yields four scores: Reexperiencing, Avoidance, Arousal, and Total. It is highly internally consistent (α = .91), and the scores are relatively stable across time. The PPTSD-R is highly correlated with other measures of PTSD symptomatology and moderately correlated with measures of related psychopathology, providing preliminary support for the measure's convergent and discriminant validity. It reliably distinguishes between groups of people who were and were not traumatized, it is sensitive to the impact of different types of traumatic events, and (within a clinical sample) it discriminates between those who did and did not seek treatment for difficulty coping with the traumatic event being assessed. The PPTSD-R shows promise as a measure of PTSD symptoms in the college population.

Traumatic Childbirth and Postpartum Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Kara M. Brown ◽  
Leena P. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Physical Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Birth ◽  
To Come ◽  
Traumatic Childbirth

This chapter on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the postpartum reviews the disorder that may occur following: a traumatic birth during which the mother is injured: postpartum medical problems such as hemorrhage or the occurrence of a defect or medical complications in the newborn. Symptoms of PTSD include nightmares, intrusive thoughts, flashbacks, hypervigilance, avoidance of triggers, depressed mood, and a pessimistic view of the future. It is important to screen for PTSD after a traumatic birth as women often hesitate to come forward as they feel ashamed, lack insight into symptoms, lack support, or fear reproach. It is essential to attend to any residual physical trauma or pain following the delivery. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice. Medication may be helpful including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and prazosin to help educe nightmares.

The Meaning of Bonds: The Relationships Among Grief Rituals, Support From Relatives and Friends, and the Mental Health of Shiduers

2020 ◽  
pp. 003022282090965
Author(s):  
Yudi Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Prolonged Grief ◽  
Grief Support ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth Inventory

Previous studies have sporadically explored the effect of various bonds on the mental health of shiduers (i.e., parents who lost their only child). However, research has rarely classified different bonds to systematically describe their effects. This study administered a self-compiled questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the posttraumatic stress disorder Checklist, the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale to 466 shiduers. The commemoration rituals that occur soon after the loss predict a lower level of posttraumatic stress disorder. Similarly, the commemoration rituals that occur on special days predict lower levels of depression and anxiety. In contrast, the continuation of commemoration rituals on ordinary days predicts higher levels of depression and prolonged grief. Support from family members and relatives, other shiduers, and nonshiduer friends are all beneficial to shiduers’ mental health.

scholarly journals A Dual-Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in a Community Sample of Female Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Survivors from Bosnia & Herzegovina

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Anderson ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Amra Delić ◽  
Esmina Avdibegović ◽  
Elisa van Ee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Positive Reinterpretation

Abstract Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are increasingly acknowledged as psychological outcomes that can co-occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Less clear however, is how these outcomes interact – particularly for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) – and to what extent intermediary factors such as coping play a role in this relationship. Methods: In a sample of 192 survivors of the 1990s conflict in Bosnia & Herzegovina; of whom 104 experienced CRSV, and 88 who did not, a structural equation model was tested using LISREL 8.8 that included CRSV as a traumatic event, ‘positive reinterpretation’ (as a strategy of approach coping) and ‘behavioural disengagement’ (as a strategy of avoidance coping), and PTSD and PTG as psychosocial outcomes. It was hypothesised that there would be differences in the mechanisms by which PTG and PTSD interact in the two subgroups, given the differences in the nature of the trauma they experienced. Results: Through multiple indirect relationships, results showed that CRSV survivors respond to their trauma with both PTSD and PTG, substantiating a dual PTSD-PTG mechanism, as opposed to a single spectrum with these outcomes at the poles. With regard to coping strategies, positive reinterpretation predicted greater PTG, and behavioural disengagement predicted greater PTSD. In the sample of non-sexual violence survivors, positive reinterpretation also remained a significant predictor of PTG. Conclusions: Findings suggest that positive reinterpretation as a coping strategy appears to be a stable characteristic that independently predicts PTG, irrespective of trauma type. Mental health care professionals should take into account this specific mechanism when addressing the needs of CRSV survivors, but also war survivors more generally. Reframing traumatic events and post-trauma sequalae during treatment could lead to greater PTG and enhance recovery.

scholarly journals A Dual-Model of Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in a Community Sample of Female Conflict-Related Sexual Violence Survivors from Bosnia & Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Anderson ◽  
Ivan Komproe ◽  
Amra Delić ◽  
Esmina Avdibegović ◽  
Elisa van Ee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Dual Model ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Positive Reinterpretation

Abstract Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) are increasingly acknowledged as psychological outcomes that can co-occur in the aftermath of a traumatic event. Less clear however, is how these outcomes interact – particularly for female survivors of conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) – and to what extent intermediary factors such as coping play a role in this relationship.Methods In a sample of 192 survivors of the 1990s conflict in Bosnia & Herzegovina; of whom 104 experienced CRSV, and 88 who did not, a structural equation model was tested using LISREL 8.8 that included CRSV as a traumatic event, ‘positive reinterpretation’ (as a strategy of approach coping) and ‘behavioural disengagement’ (as a strategy of avoidance coping), and PTSD and PTG as psychosocial outcomes. It was hypothesised that there would be differences in the mechanisms by which PTG and PTSD interact in the two subgroups, given the differences in the nature of the trauma they experienced.Results Through multiple indirect relationships, results showed that CRSV survivors respond to their trauma with both PTSD and PTG, substantiating a dual PTSD-PTG mechanism, as opposed to a single spectrum with these outcomes at the poles. With regard to coping strategies, positive reinterpretation predicted greater PTG, and behavioural disengagement predicted greater PTSD. In the sample of non-sexual violence survivors, positive reinterpretation also remained a significant predictor of PTG.Conclusions Findings suggest that positive reinterpretation as a coping strategy appears to be a stable characteristic that independently predicts PTG, irrespective of trauma type. Mental health care professionals should take into account this specific mechanism when addressing the needs of CRSV survivors, but also war survivors more generally. Reframing traumatic events and post-trauma sequalae during treatment could lead to greater PTG and enhance recovery.

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