Assuring Not-For-Profit Hospital Competitiveness Through Proper Accounting For The True Cost Of Capital

The topic of cost of capital is very important, especially for not-for-profit (NFP) organizations.  Since profit maximization or stockholder wealth maximization cannot be their objective, NFP firms must be all the more aware of their costs, including the cost of capital, to sustain and grow the quality and quantity of their services to their consumers.  Yet, research into this topic has been lagging.  This paper adapts and enhances an existing methodology and illustrates how a non-profit hospital’s cost of capital can be estimated.

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Castle Hall Academy: A Case Study In Non-Profit Accounting Mismanagement

Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) ◽

10.19030/jabr.v22i2.1439 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Frank J. Grippo ◽

Noah P. Barsky ◽

Joel Siegel ◽

William Matthews

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Font Size ◽

Non Profit ◽

Audit Firm ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Actual Experience ◽

Accounting Courses ◽

Private High School

This case requires you to resolve financial reporting deficiencies that arise in the audit of a not-for-profit entity, a prestigious private high school.  This case is based on the actual experience that an audit firm had with a not-for-profit client.  The primary reporting issues in the case relate to investments, contributions, severance packages, and leases that arise due to school management’s failure to consider recent accounting pronouncements.  By completing this case, you will learn about standards that affect not-for-profit entities and how auditors resolve differences with clients.  The decisions that you make require an understanding of technical knowledge of topics covered in typical intermediate accounting courses.  In addition, the case requires you to integrate accounting theory with the practice of auditing.  The premise for the case is that in order to be a successful auditor, you will need a good understanding of your client’s business as well as technical accounting issues.

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The Regulation Of Non-Profit Organizations

Journal of Business & Economics Research (JBER) ◽

10.19030/jber.v9i9.5635 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

William A. Bottiglieri ◽

Steven L. Kroleski ◽

Kerri Conway

Keyword(s):

Font Size ◽

Non Profit ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Non Profit Organizations

The absence of governmental oversight and regulation of Not-For-Profit corporations has resulted in these entities performing their stated purposes inadequately and inefficiently and has enabled financial indiscretions which have tarnished their reputations. Enhanced oversight and regulation is needed to prevent recurrences of these failures.

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Issues Involved with Calculating the Cost of Capital in the Not-for-Profit and Public Sectors

Journal of Applied Business and Economics ◽

10.33423/jabe.v21i5.2271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Keyword(s):

Cost Of Capital ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Public Sectors ◽

The Cost

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Overcoming the Problem With Solving Business Problems: Using Theory Differently to Rejuvenate the Case Method for Turbulent Times

10.26686/wgtn.12735938.v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Todd Bridgman ◽

C McLaughlin ◽

Stephen Cummings

Keyword(s):

Management Education ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

Case Method ◽

Core Element ◽

Capitalist System ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

Business As Usual ◽

Critical Questioning

© 2018, The Author(s) 2018. A questioning of the neoliberal consensus in the global economic order is creating turbulence in Western democracies. Long regarded as the only viable capitalist model, neoliberalism is now subjected to increasing scrutiny. Management education that has been aligned to a neoliberal worldview must now respond to this shifting landscape in order to retain its legitimacy. One core element of management education undergoing revision as a result is the case method of teaching. The case method’s traditionally narrow focus on training students to solve business problems is increasingly problematic in an environment where the structure of the capitalist system in which firms operate is now a topic of debate. To address this, we argue for a reconceptualization of the case method’s relationship with theory. This has conventionally taken two forms: a hostility to any inclusion of theory in the analytical process and an approach that uses theory as an instrument for profit maximization. We propose an alternative third approach that encourages students to engage in a critical questioning of business-as-usual capitalism from the perspective of multiple stakeholders, including managers, employees, unions, not-for-profit organizations, government, and the natural environment.

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Social housing provision for minority ethnic older people with dementia: Findings from a qualitative study

Dementia ◽

10.1177/1471301215616539 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 750-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Valerie Lipman ◽

Gillian Manthorpe

Keyword(s):

Housing Provision ◽

Housing Associations ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

For Profit ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Not For Profit ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Housing Services ◽

Audit Approach ◽

The Cost

Little research has explored how not-for-profit housing providers, often termed Housing Associations in the United Kingdom, meet the needs of older tenants with dementia who are from black and ethnic minority communities. This article presents findings from an exploratory study conducted in 2015. The study took an audit approach, investigating current practice and policy in 12 Housing Associations. All were developing their understanding of dementia; some were augmenting their standard rented property portfolio to include housing with care provision; and most had policies relating to equalities and diversity and were offering dementia training to members of staff. None appeared to have fully integrated the three strands of housing services, dementia care, and cultural or ethnicity-related needs and preferences. A range of strategies was reported as being developed to meet tenants’ changing circumstances. Anxiety about the cost of adaptations was commonly reported, although the nature and extent of this were ill-defined. Discussion focuses on the findings’ implications for housing providers and for dementia professionals.

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Association of Ownership and System Affiliation with the Financial Performance of Rehabilitation Hospitals

Health Services Management Research ◽

10.1177/095148489701000103 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 10 (1-2) ◽

pp. 13-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. J. McCue ◽

J. M. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Regression Models ◽

Ancillary Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Profit ◽

For Profit ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Cost ◽

Rehabilitation Hospitals ◽

Inpatient Basis

This study used a cross-sectional design in which regression models were used to test the association of ownership and system affiliation of private rehabilitation hospitals with profit, revenue and expense measures. The study also examined the association of ownership and system affiliation with other choice variables. The study found that new for-profit rehabilitation hospitals had higher revenues and expenses than older non-profit rehabilitation hospitals. In addition, new for-profit hospitals charged more for their ancillary services and treated more of their patients on an inpatient basis. Study findings show higher revenues and expenses per adjusted discharge for new for-profit facilities. Given the cost-based system of reimbursement for Medicare, there appears to be a strong incentive for new for-profits to maximize costs.

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Crowdfunding for Non-Profits

Start-Ups and SMEs ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch020 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 376-390

Author(s):

Amir Manzoor

Keyword(s):

Financial Knowledge ◽

Critical Question ◽

Non Profit ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Equity Investments ◽

Start Ups

Crowdfunding has been applied to equity investments as well as in a preproduction consumer purchase model. Crowdfunding is projected to become a $US90-96 billion industry by 2025, and is being touted as a valuable tool for fundraising for charitable non-profits. For leading non-profits around the globe a critical question is whether charitable crowdfunding is a threat or an opportunity for them. This chapter demonstrates that charitable crowdfunding represents a powerful new fundraising tool for leading, start-ups and not for profit organisations. This discussion contributes to the financial knowledge, specifically in the online crowdfunding and non-profit organisations and concludes that non-profit organisations through crowdfunding has the potential to expand the donor base.

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Helping Yourself or Others? Motivation Dynamics for High-Performing Volunteers in GLAM Crowdsourcing

Australasian Journal of Information Systems ◽

10.3127/ajis.v24i0.2599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

Author(s):

Sultana Lubna Alam ◽

Ruonan Sun ◽

John Campbell

Keyword(s):

Financial Incentives ◽

Incentive Structure ◽

Open Communication ◽

Non Profit ◽

High Performing ◽

For Profit ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Over Time

While most crowdsourcing (CS) cases in the literature focus on commercial organisations, little is known about volunteers’ motivation of initial and continued participation in not-for-profit CS projects and importantly, about how the motivations may change over time. It is vital to understand motivation and motivational dynamics in a not-for-profit context because a fundamental challenge for not-for-profit CS initiations is to recruit and keep volunteers motivated without any formal contract or financial incentives. To tackle this challenge, we explore high performing volunteers’ initial motivation for joining and sustaining with a GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives and museums) CS project. We situated our interpretive exploration in a case study of the Australian Newspapers CS project initiated by the National Library of Australia. Based on the case study, we found that high-performing volunteers were motivated by a combination of personal, collective, and external factors classified into intrinsic, extrinsic, and internalised extrinsic motivations. Further, we found that these motivations changed over time. Specifically, many volunteers presented substantial personal (i.e., personal interest and fun) and community-centric motivations (i.e. altruism and non-profit cause) when they initially joined the project, whereas external motivations (i.e., recognition and rewards) had a greater impact on long-term participation. Our findings offer implications for CS system design (e.g., user profiles, tagging and commenting), incentive structure (e.g., reputation-based ranking, leader boards), and relational mechanisms (e.g., open communication channels) to stimulate sustainable contributions for not-for-profit CS initiatives.

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The cost profiles of alternative approaches to journal publishing

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v12i12.2048 ◽

1969 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Roger Clarke

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Journal Publishing ◽

For Profit ◽

Digital Era ◽

Not For Profit ◽

Alternative Approaches ◽

The Cost

The digital era is having substantial impacts on journal publishing. In order to assist in analysing these impacts, a model is developed of the costs incurred in operating a refereed journal. Published information and estimates are used to apply the model to a computation of the total costs and per-article costs of various forms of journal-publishing. Particular attention is paid to the differences between print and electronic forms of journals, to the various forms of open access, and to the differences between not-for-profit and for-profit publishing undertakings. Insight is provided into why for-profit publishing is considerably more expensive than equivalent activities undertaken by unincorporated mutuals and not-for-profit associations. Conclusions are drawn concerning the current debates among conventional approaches and the various open alternatives.

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Inventory Replenishment for Profit Maximization over a Finite Horizon under One-time Cost Changes

Global Business Review ◽

10.1177/0972150918758099 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. S235-S248

Author(s):

F. J. Arcelus ◽

T. P. M. Pakkala ◽

G. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Cost Minimization ◽

Profit Maximization ◽

Planning Horizon ◽

Finite Horizon ◽

Maximization Problem ◽

Decision Variable ◽

Time Cost ◽

For Profit ◽

Optimal Policies ◽

The Cost

This article considers the optimal inventory ordering, purchasing and holding policies of the profit-maximization problem, as against the well-known cost-minimization case, over a finite horizon of length H, under two special conditions. First, there is change in at least one of the inventory costs, that is, in the cost of ordering and/or purchasing/holding, at some point, Tc < H, during the planning horizon. Second, it is not necessary to satisfy the demand, at a rate of R units per year, for the entire horizon. Rather, the objective is to meet the demand for a period of length H1 ≤ H. In fact, if the retailer does not have the obligation to meet the entire demand, this article shows the conditions wherein it may be more profitable to meet only a portion or may be even none of the demand. Further, such a determination can be made up front, with H1 as a decision variable and the optimal policies of the cost-minimization models, by fulfilling the entire demand, will result in lower profits. Numerical examples are included to identify the demand fulfilment and the profit differences between the cost-minimization and profit-maximization optimal policies, under the different one-time cost changes.

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