scholarly journals Assessment of Water requirements for Horticultural Crops in Arid Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik AC Sequeira ◽  
Pedro MLR da Sousa ◽  
António MT Russo
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Horticultural Crops

scholarly journals Removable Weighing Lysimeter for Use in Horticultural Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4865
Author(s):  
Juan Antonio Nicolás-Cuevas ◽  
Dolores Parras-Burgos ◽  
Manuel Soler-Méndez ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Canales ◽  
José Miguel Molina-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Weighing Lysimeter

Water resources management is a priority issue in agriculture, especially in areas with water supply problems. Recently, one of the most widespread technologies for measuring crop water requirements are weighing lysimeters. Nevertheless, this type of lysimeters are of large dimensions and require a civil work for their installation. In this article, we present a weighing lysimeter prototype (1000 × 600 mm and 350 mm depth) designed to be used in agricultural farming of horticultural crops. We described the design details that includes ease of assembly, carriage and minimum soil alteration. Structural design results and construction process are also provided showing their performance under different tractors scenarios. The measurements accuracy results show the outcomes of the prototype after being tested. Finally, we discuss our design and measurements results by comparing them with other weighing lysimeters. In comparison, the prototype designed is an accurate and reliable device which reduces the surface and depth of the current weighing lysimeters.

Ecology of Australian Chats (Epthianura Gould): Reproduction in Aridity.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Williams
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Hormonal Mechanism ◽  
Gloger’S Rule ◽  
Breeding Seasons

The four species of Australian chats differentially occupy arid regions and are considered to have problems of water balance during reproduction. They breed mainly during the winter semester, when ambient temperatures and vapour pressure deficit are lower and evaporative losses of body water are reduced. During a drought breeding is depressed; but chats breed opportunistically after abundant rainfall and exploit, by nomadism, the unpredictable rainfall in semiarid and arid Australia. The breeding season of the most mesic species, Epthianura albifrons, is reduced in the more xeric regions. In arid sympatric breeding areas the more xeric species have the more extended breeding seasons. Chats are territorial only during reproduction. The male protects the receptive female and the eggs and offspring, but not environmental resources. Territorial defence involves plumage pigmentation consistent with Gloger's rule, plumage patterns, postures and ritualized fighting displays. Territoriality and territorial behaviour are reduced in the more mesic species. This is consistent with relative rates of evaporative water loss, synchrony and apparent density of nesting, water requirements and physiological adaptation to aridity. A hypothesis is presented which suggests an adaptive hormonal mechanism relating to physiological adaptation to aridity and determining the different plumages.

Combination of remote sensing and meteorological data for estimation of crop water requirements in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla in Morocco

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaouad El Hachimi ◽  
Abderrazak El Harti ◽  
Amine Jellouli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Crop Water Requirements ◽  
Irrigated Perimeter ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>In arid and semi-arid regions, agriculture is an important element of the national economy, but this sector is a large consumer of water. In a context of high pressure on water resources (climate change, population growth, desertification, etc.), an appropriate management is required. The development of remote sensing tools: temporal, spatial and spectral resolution offers a better opportunity for hydro-agricultural management. The main objective of this study is to combine climate data with that of optical remote sensing in order to estimate crop water requirements in the irrigated perimeter of Tadla. In semi-arid regions, such as Tadla Plain, a large quantity of water is lost by evapotranspiration (ET). The objective of this study is to use a scientific approach based on the modulation of evaporative demand for the estimation of crop water requirements. This approach is based on the FAO-56 method using image data from the Sentinel-2A and Landsat-8 satellites, and climate data: surface temperature, air humidity, wind speed, global solar radiation and precipitation. It also allowed the spatialization of crop water requirements on a large area of irrigated crops during the 2016–2017 agricultural season. Maps of water requirements have been developed. They show the variability over time of crop development and their estimated water requirements. The results obtained constitute an important indicator of how water should be distributed over the area in order to improve irrigation efficiency and protection of water resources.</p>

scholarly journals Seed Germination Characteristics ofRhus tripartitum(Ucria) Grande andZiziphus lotus(L.): Effects of Water Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zouaoui Refka ◽  
Ksontini Mustapha ◽  
Ferchichi Ali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Ziziphus lotus(L.) Lam. (Rhamnaceae) andRhus tripartitumor Sumac (Anacardiaceae) are two indigenous species from arid and semiarid regions of Tunisia, characterized by a severe climate where dry seasons are very long. The combined action of anthropogenic factors and climate in arid regions caused a gradual threat of plant assets. In this context, an experimental study of the effects of water stress (0 to −1 MPa) on seeds has identified the water requirements germinal stage of both species. The results showed that both species were able to germinate at relatively low water potentials. However, beyond −0.6 MPa, germination was completely inhibited forR. tripartitum, when it reached for another 50% forZ. lotus. Increasing the concentration of PEG6000progressively inhibited germination in both species. OnlyZ. lotuscould be considered tolerant of water stress, because, to −1 MPa, seeds germinated with a rate of 17%. It resulted in that the speciesZ. lotuspresented an adaptive capacity to aridity much greater than that observed forR. tripartitum.

scholarly journals Quantification of the impacts of climate change and human agricultural activities on oasis water requirements in an arid region: a case study of the Heihe River basin, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingran Liu ◽  
Yanjun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Heihe River Basin ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Water Requirements

Abstract. Ecological deterioration in arid regions caused by agricultural development has become a global issue. Understanding water requirements of the oasis ecosystems and the influences of human agricultural activities and climate change is important for the sustainable development of oasis ecosystems and water resource management in arid regions. In this study, water requirements of the main oasis in Heihe River basin during 1986–2013 were analyzed and the amount showed a sharp increase from 10.8 × 108 m3 in 1986 to 19.0 × 108 m3 in 2013. Both human agricultural activities and climate change could lead to the increase in water requirement. To quantify the contributions of agricultural activities and climate change to the increase in water requirements, partial derivative and slope method were used. Results showed that climate change and human agricultural activities, such as oasis expansion and changes in land cropping structure, has contributed to the increase in water requirement at rates of 6.9, 58.1, and 25.3 %, respectively. Overall, human agricultural activities were the dominant forces driving the increase in water requirement. In addition, the contribution of oasis expanding to the increased water requirement was significantly greater than that of other concerned variables. This reveals that controlling the oasis scale is extremely important and effective for balancing water for agriculture and ecosystems and to achieving a sustainable oasis development in arid regions.

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