Multitemporal Spatial Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Lower Jaguaribe Hydrographic Sub-Basin, Ceará, Northeast Brazil

Aquaculture is currently one of the fastest growing food production systems globally, and shrimp is considered one of the most highly valued products. Our study area is the lower Jaguaribe River sub-basin (LJRSB), located in the northeastern part of Ceará in Brazil. The aquaculture activity in this area began in the early 1990s and is currently one of the largest shrimp producers in Brazil. This study generated a spatial-temporal analysis of vegetation index and land use and land cover (LULC) using remote sensing images from Landsat satellites processed using geographic information systems (GIS). The findings showed an increase in the water bodies class where shrimp farms are found. In addition, to help us discuss the results, data from the Global Surface Water Explorer was also used to understand this change throughout intra and interannual water variability. Besides shrimp farms’ intensification, agricultural areas in the LJRSB also increased, mainly in the irrigated perimeter lands (IPLs), causing a loss in the Caatinga native vegetation. In summary, over recent years, significant changes have been noticeable in the LJRSB coastal region, caused by an increase in shrimp farms mainly located on the Jaguaribe River margins, destroying the native riparian forest.

EMPREGO DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB

EMPREGO DO SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO PARA ANÁLISE DO USO E OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB LEONCIO GONÇALVES RODRIGUES1; ANA CÉLIA MAIA MEIRELES2 E CARLOS WAGNER OLIVEIRA3 1Mestrando em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Professora titular do Programa de pós graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, [email protected] 3 Professor titular do Programa de pós graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, Universidade Federal do Cariri-UFCA, Rua Ícaro Moreira de Sousa, nº 126, Muriti, 63130-025, Crato, Ceará, Brasil, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O perímetro irrigado várzeas de Sousa (PIVAS) é um grande produtor de culturas como coco, banana, sorgo, algodão dentre outras. Tem grande importância para o desenvolvimento econômico da região do alto sertão da Paraíba. Possui características impares como a distribuição de água para todos os lotes por potencial gravitacional. Para a sustentabilidade do perímetro é necessário o monitoramento constante de suas áreas, para se poder desenvolver estratégias que auxiliam no desenvolvimento sustentável. Nesse sentido, o sensoriamento remoto é uma ferramenta ideal por permitir a obtenção rápida e precisa de informações sobre uma área, o que pode auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um conjunto de técnicas de sensoriamento que possibilitem o monitoramento de áreas irrigadas ou ambientais. Para tanto foi determinado do uso e ocupação do solo, o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (NDVI) e o índice de vegetação ajustado ao solo (SAVI) para o PIVAS. Onde se observou que as técnicas de sensoriamento remoto auxiliam na compreensão de áreas no espaço e tempo. Palavras-chave: monitoramento, manejo, satélite. RODRIGUES, L. G.; MEIRELES, A. C. M.; OLIVEIRA, C, W. USE OF REMOTE SENSING TO ANALYZE THE USE AND OCCUPANCY OF THE SOIL IN THE PERIMETER IRRIGATED VÁRZEAS DE SOUSA-PB. 2 ABSTRACT The floodplain-irrigated perimeter of Sousa (PIVAS) is a major producer of crops such as coconut, banana, sorghum, cotton, among others. It is of great importance for the economic development of the upper wilderness region of Paraiba. It has unique characteristics such as water distribution to all lots by gravitational potential. For the sustainability of the perimeter, constant monitoring of its areas is necessary, to be able to develop strategies that help in sustainable development. In this sense, remote sensing is an ideal tool as it allows for quick and accurate obtaining information about an area, which can help in decision making. Based on this assumption, this work aims to present a set of sensing techniques that enable monitoring of irrigated or environmental areas. For this purpose, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were determined for the PIVAS. Where it was observed that remote sensing techniques help understand areas in space and time. Keywords: monitoring, management, satellite.

Effect of Sugar Beet Harvest Date on Its Technological Quality Parameters by Exploratory Analysis

Choice of the harvest date is one of the foundations of vintage quality and good-yield sugar in sugar beet. However, it is difficult to define the harvest date and more precisely the date of maturity of beet roots, in an exact and absolute way. Indeed, maturity is divided into several stages and degrees depending on environmental and climatic conditions such as temperature, precipitation, geographic area, and others. The present study evoked the effect of three harvest dates (at esteemed maturity, 7 days after maturity, and 15 days after maturity) on the technological quality parameters, namely, sucrose, nitrogen, potassium, and sodium, using the most popular chemometric method, principal component analysis (PCA). To do this, samples from the Tadla irrigated perimeter were used. The results of exploratory analyses by the application of PCA clearly showed the influence of harvest date, in an important way, on the three quality parameters, composition of sucrose, potassium, and sodium. But, for nitrogen composition, there were negligible variations between samples.

Effects of Different Types of Fertilizers on Rice Productivity in the Irrigated Perimeter of Toula (Niger)

AIM: Assessment of various fertilizers type effects on rice productivity in Niger. Study Design: The experiment was laid by using a complete randomized block design with different types of fertilizers and was replicated four times. Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during the dry and wet season of 2020 on the irrigated perimeter of Toula (Niger). Methodology: The experiment was performed with four treatments in complete randomized blocks. The treatments applied are: T1=Bokashi, T2=Compost, T3=Biochar and T4=NPK-Urea. The monitored parameters were the rice plant development cycle and agronomic characteristics. Observations of the crop evolution during the experimentation were recorded at regular intervals. The significance of treatment impact was examined by the statistical test. Results: The results showed that bio-fertilizers had significant effects on 1000 grain weight and the length of the vegetative cycle. As for the chemical treatments, the effects were significant on most of the rice growth parameters (height, number of grains per panicle, number of tillers per rice plant) as well as on paddy and feed biomass yield. These results also showed a positive correlation between rice growth parameters and yield irrespective of the type of treatment.

Identification and diagnosis of salt-affected soils in the Baixo-Açu irrigated perimeter, RN, Brazil

HIGHLIGHTS Spectral analysis is feasible to identify salinized areas. The most saline areas are lowlands with deficiency of natural drainage. The studied soils are saline in surface and saline-sodic in subsurface.

ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE DIFERENTES CULTURAS NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO PONTAL SUL

ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE DIFERENTES CULTURAS NO PERÍMETRO IRRIGADO PONTAL SUL MARCELLO HENRYQUE COSTA DE SOUZA1; ROBERTA DANIELA DA SILVA SANTOS2; CLOVIS MANOEL CARVALHO RAMOS3 E LUÍS HENRIQUE BASSOI4 1 Setor de Operação do Sistema, Distrito de Irrigação Nilo Coelho – DINC, Vila CS-1, Perímetro Senador Nilo Coelho s/n. CEP: 56.300-990. Petrolina-PE, Brasil, [email protected]; 2 Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Roraima – IFRR, campus Novo Paraiso, BR-174, s/n - Vila Novo Paraíso, Caracaraí – RR. CEP:69365-000, Brasil, [email protected]; 3 Colegiado de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, UNIVASF, Avenida Antônio Carlos Magalhães, 510 - Santo Antônio. CEP: 48902-300 – Juazeiro – BA, [email protected]; 4 Embrapa Instrumentação, R. 15 de Novembro, 1452 - Centro, São Carlos – SP. CEP:13560-970, Brasil. [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho objetivou determinar a demanda hídrica para diferentes culturas no Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul e verificar se a lâmina fornecida é capaz de atender ou não as necessidades das culturas; identificar quando e qual cenário há maior necessidade de água; e definir quais cenários baseados em diferentes culturas e na disponibilidade de água poderão ser atendidos de acordo com a capacidade de bombeamento do perímetro irrigado. Para alcançar tais objetivos foram feitos levantamentos de dados, estudos bibliográficos, geração de cenários agrícolas (considerando diferentes culturas – Acerola, Caju, Goiaba, Banana, Coco, Uva e Manga) e estimativa das demandas do Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul. De acordo com os cenários gerados, o perímetro irrigado apresenta, em parte, dados que favorecem a superestimação de valores de água a serem fornecidos, porém também apresenta problemas no que diz respeito ao fornecimento de água para as culturas quando avaliados cenários e condições de exigência máxima das culturas. Assim, este estudo mostra a necessidade do estudo prévio e uma alternativa para um planejamento adequado para implantação das culturas e uso de sistemas de irrigação no Perímetro Irrigado Pontal Sul. Palavras-chave: irrigação, planejamento agrícola, uso de água. SOUZA, M. H. C.; SANTOS, R. D. S.; RAMOS, C. M. C.; BASSOI, L. H. ESTIMATION OF WATER DEMAND BY CROPS FOR WATER ALLOCATION IN PONTAL SUL IRRIGATION SCHEME 2 ABSTRACT This work aimed to determine the water demand for different crops in the Pontal Sul Irrigation Scheme and to verify if the water depth supplied is capable of attending crop water demands; to identify when and which scenario the water demand is maximum; and to define which scenarios based on different crops and on water availability can be met according to the pumping capacity of the irrigation scheme. To achieve these objectives, data surveys, bibliographic studies, generation of agricultural scenarios (considering different cultures - Barbados cherry, Cashew, Guava, Banana, Coconut, Grape and Mango) and estimation of the demands of the Pontal Sul Irrigated Perimeter were made. According to the scenarios generated, the Pontal Sul irrigated project presents, in part, data that favor the overestimation of water values ​​to be provided, but it also presents problems related to water supply for crops in scenarios and conditions of maximum crop requirements. Thus, this study shows the need for a previous study and an alternative for planning for cropping and the use of irrigation systems in Pontal Sul Irrigation Scheme. Keywords: irrigation, agricultural planning, water use.

QUALITY OF WATER DRAINAGE IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL USING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVIY AND SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO

QUALITY OF WATER DRAINAGE IN THE NORTHEAST REGION OF BRAZIL USING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVIY AND SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO ARIOVALDO ANTONIO TADEU LUCAS1; JÉSSICA MARCY SILVA MELO2 SANTOS; AIRON JOSÉ DA SILVA3 E ANTENOR OLIVEIRA AGUIAR NETTO4 1Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus São Cristóvão – SE, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão – SE, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 2Mestranda do curso de Pós-graduação em Recursos Hídricos, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus São Cristóvão – SE, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão – SE, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 3Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus São Cristóvão – SE, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão – SE, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 4 Professor do Departamento de Engenharia Agronômica, Universidade Federal de Sergipe – Campus São Cristóvão – SE, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n, Jd. Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000, São Cristóvão – SE, Brasil. Email: [email protected] 1 ABSTRACT Water and soil salinity are major concerns in irrigated agriculture, and electrical conductivity must be taken into consideration when planning irrigation. The Jacaré-Curituba irrigated perimeter, located in the municipality of Poço Redondo, state of Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, lies in a semi-arid region and has the characteristic of being geared toward family farming. Thus, this work had as objective to evaluate the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the drainage water of a saline soil recovery area in field conditions. The field experiment was conducted in saline-sodium soil in irrigated plots, and the experimental design was completely randomized, with nine water sampling points and three replications. The collection points were as follows: drainage channel input (CDI), drainage channel outlet (CDO), lateral drains for each plot (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6) and useful water for irrigation (IW), with six water sampling campaigns being performed. The induced results showed that drain water has a much high risk of causing salinity. Keywords: irrigated perimeter, salinity, semi-arid, irrigated agriculture. LUCAS, A. A. T.; SANTOS, J. M. S. M.; DA SILVA, A., J.; AGUIAR NETTO, A., O. QUALIDADE DA DRENAGEM DE ÁGUA DA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL UTILIZANDO CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA E RAZÃO DE ADSORÇÃO DE SÓDIO 2 RESUMO A salinidade do solo e da água é uma grande preocupação na agricultura irrigada, sendo que a condutividade elétrica deve ser considerada no planejamento da irrigação. O perímetro irrigado Jacaré-Curituba localizado no município de Poço Redondo, estado de Sergipe, Nordeste do Brasil, se situa na região semiárida e tem como característica ser voltado para agricultura familiar. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a condutividade elétrica da água (CE) e a razão de adsorção de sódio (RAS) da água de drenagem de uma área de recuperação de solo salino-sódico em condição de campo. O experimento de campo foi realizado em solo salino-sódico em lotes irrigados, sendo que o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com nove pontos de amostragem de água e três repetições. Os pontos de coleta foram os seguintes: início da entrada do canal de drenagem (CDI), saída do canal de drenagem (CDO), drenos laterais para cada parcela (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6) e água utilizada para irrigação (IW), sendo realizadas seis campanhas de amostragem de água. Os resultados mostraram que a água de drenagem tem um risco alto e muito alto de causar salinidade. Palavras-chave: perímetro irrigado, salinidade, região semiárida, agricultura irrigada.

Machine Learning-Based Classification for Crop-Type Mapping Using the Fusion of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery in a Semiarid Area

The monitoring of cultivated crops and the types of different land covers is a relevant environmental and economic issue for agricultural lands management and crop yield prediction. In this context, this paper aims to use and evaluate the contribution of multisensors classification based on machine learning classifiers to crop-type identification in a semiarid area of Morocco. It is a very heterogeneous zone characterized by mixed crops (tree crops with annual crops, same crop with different phenological states during the same agricultural season, crop rotation, etc.). Therefore, such heterogeneity made the crop-type discrimination more complicated. To overcome these challenges, the present work is the first study in this area which used the fusion of high spatiotemporal resolution Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satellite images for land use and land cover mapping. Three machine learning classifier algorithms, artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and maximum likelihood (ML), were applied to identify and map crop types in irrigated perimeter. In situ observations of the year 2018, for the R3 perimeter of Haouz plain in central Morocco, were used with satellite data of the same year to perform this work. The results showed that combined images acquired in C-band and the optical range improved clearly the crop-type classification performance (overall accuracy = 89%; Kappa = 0.85) compared to the classification results of optical or SAR data alone.