Education Systems for Girls’ Education in the Indo-Pacific Region

Despite substantial progress over the last two decades, girls in many parts of the world experience worse educational outcomes than boys, particularly at the secondary and tertiary levels. The COVID-19 pandemic appears to have exacerbated this learning gap in many regions, making research on the relationship between girls’ education outcomes and education systems increasingly urgent. This rapid review explores the determinants of girls’ education outcomes in a specific group of Indo-Pacific countries. It examines the education system determinants of these outcomes such as government investment, teacher training, water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) infrastructure in schools, school-related gender-based violence, and indirect costs of education, drawing from pre-COVID-19 data. It also investigates societal determinants such as political factors, poverty rates, labour market participation trends, and child marriage rates. By attempting to explain differences in learning outcomes for girls, it also achieves a typology of countries in the region and suggests ideas for further research and FCDO programming.

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Predictors and facilitators of gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid review

Journal of Global Health Reports ◽

10.29392//001c.12023 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ifeyinwa C Akamike ◽

Chigozie J Uneke ◽

Henry C Uro-Chukwu ◽

Ijeoma N Okedo-Alex ◽

Onyedikachi E Chukwu

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Gender Based

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Women’s and Girls’ Experiences of Security and Justice in Somaliland

10.19088/k4d.2021.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Becky Carter

Keyword(s):

Gender Equality ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

State Institutions ◽

Promote Gender Equality ◽

Government Organisation ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Gender Based ◽

And Gender

This rapid review seeks to provide an overview of the publicly available literature from the academic, donor, and non-government organisation sources on women’s and girls’ experiences of statutory and customary security and justice in Somaliland. In Somaliland women and girls experience poor security, with high rates of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV), and significant barriers to gender equality in the pluralistic legal system. The predominant clan-based customary justice system, along with conservative social norms and religious beliefs, discriminates against women and girls, while weak formal state institutions are not able to deliver accessible and effective justice for vulnerable and marginalised groups. Social stigma silences SGBV survivors and their families, with many rape crimes resolved through customary compensation or marriage. National and international organisations have undertaken various activities to promote gender equality in security and justice, with support provided to formal and informal security and justice institutions and actors at national and local levels, as well as initiatives to empower women and girls.

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Predictors and facilitators of gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid review

Journal of Global Health Reports ◽

10.29392/joghr.3.e2019076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ifeyinwa C Akamike ◽

Chigozie J Uneke ◽

Henry C Uro-Chukwu ◽

Ijeoma N Okedo-Alex ◽

Onyedikachi E Chukwu

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Gender Based

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Global Evidence on the Prevalence and Impact of Online Gender-based Violence (OGBV)

10.19088/k4d.2021.140 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Hicks

Keyword(s):

Academic Research ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Physical Assault ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Online Harassment ◽

Media Freedom ◽

Lost Productivity ◽

Gender Based

This rapid review updates a previous report (Fraser and Martineau-Searle, 2018) with evidence from 2018 onwards. It finds an evidence base on online gender-based violence (OGBV) covering a wider range of countries than the previous report. Some key findings on the nature and prevalence of OGBV include: The most recent surveys show a prevalence of OGBV ranging from 16% to 58%; Men and boys also experience online abuse in high numbers, but it is less likely to be gender-based; Several studies from different countries identify Facebook as the top location for incidents of OGBV; Higher levels of online harassment and abuse are faced by people with intersecting inequality factors; According to victim-survivors, perpetrators are more likely to be unknown and acting alone, but large numbers are known to the victims. Perpetrators themselves report divergent, multifaceted and often over-lapping motivations for their actions; Analysis of underlying drivers of OGBV highlights an overarching theme of power and control, and heteronormative expectations around gender roles and sexual practice. Many authors recommend that OGBV be understood as part of a continuum of abuse where normalised behaviours, such as sexual harassment in public spaces, shade into behaviours widely recognized as criminal, such as physical assault. The societal impact of OGBV includes: Media freedom is compromised; Democracy being undermined; Economic losses resulting from lost productivity; A ‘climate of unsafety’ prevails. Evidence base: The number of surveys about self-reported experiences with online harassment has increased rapidly. The majority of the research found during the course of this rapid review came from international and domestic non-governmental organisations and think-tanks. Academic research studies were also found, including several literature reviews.

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Predictors and facilitators of gender-based violence in sub-Saharan Africa: a rapid review

Journal of Global Health Reports ◽

10.29392/001c.12180 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ifeyinwa C Akamike ◽

Chigozie J Uneke ◽

Henry C Uro-Chukwu ◽

Ijeoma N Okedo-Alex ◽

Onyedikachi E Chukwu

Keyword(s):

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Rapid Review ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Gender Based

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Gender Inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood Region

10.19088/k4d.2021.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Becky Carter

Keyword(s):

Rapid Review ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Key Factors ◽

Implementation Challenges ◽

Women And Girls ◽

Gender Based ◽

Lgbt People ◽

Systemic Corruption ◽

The Impact

This rapid review examines evidence on the structural causes and drivers of gender inequalities in the Eastern Neighbourhood region and how these gender inequalities contribute to instability in the region. While the Eastern Neighbourhood region performs relatively well on gender equality compared with the rest of the world, women and girls continue to face systemic political and economic marginalisation and are vulnerable to gender-based violence. Research on Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Moldova identifies the key underlying cause to be a set of traditional patriarchal gender norms, intersecting with conservative religious identities and harmful customary practices. These norms do not operate in isolation: the literature highlights that gender inequalities are caused by the interplay of multiple factors (with women’s unequal economic resources having a critical effect), while overlapping disadvantages affect lived experiences of inequalities. Other key factors are the region’s protracted conflicts; legal reform gaps and implementation challenges; socio-economic factors (including the impact of COVID-19); and governance trends (systemic corruption, growing conservatism, and negative narratives influenced by regional geopolitics). Together these limit women and girls’ empowerment; men and boys are also affected negatively in different ways, while LGBT+ people have become a particular target for societal discrimination in the region. Global evidence – showing that more gender unequal societies correlate with increased instability – provides a frame of reference for the region’s persistent gender inequalities.

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