Advances in understanding modes of action of microbial bioprotectants

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
Gabriele Berg ◽  
◽  
Peter Kusstatscher ◽  
Franz Stocker ◽  
Ahmed Abdelfattah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the development and application of microbial bioprotectants and biostimulants. Recent studies have revealed manifold plant-microbe as well as pathogen-microbe interactions, which form the basis of understanding beneficial effects of plant-associated microorganisms. Microbiome research has contributed to our understanding of the modes of action of various plant-associated microorganisms. This chapter summarizes current knowledge about beneficial plant-microbe interactions, discusses recent insights into the functioning of the plant microbiome and beneficial plant-microbe networks. It shows that the use of microorganisms and the exploitation of beneficial plant–microbe interactions offer promising and environmentally-friendly strategies to achieve sustainable agriculture on a global scale.

Plant-Microbe Interactions - Insights and Views for Applications in Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Sahithi Somavarapu Thomas ◽  
Wasinee Pongprayoon ◽  
Kraipat Cheenkachorn ◽  
Malinee Sriariyanun
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Biotechnology Products ◽  
Plant Microbiome

The term “microbiome” refers to the association of plants with various microorganisms which play an important role in the niches they occupy. These microorganisms are found in the endosphere, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere, of host plants which are involved in plant ecology and physiology. The structure and dynamics of the plant microbiome have been significant seen in the last few years. In addition, the plant microbiome enhances the host plant with gene pools, which is referred to as the second plant genome or extended genome. Interestingly, the microbiome associated with plant roots has received unique attention in recent years due to its important role in host nutrition, immunity, and development. Prospective studies of the microbiome have been coupled with the need for more sustainable production for agriculture. On the other hand, various environmental factors are associated with plant-microbiome interactions that can affect composition and diversity. This review provides insights and views of plant microbiome for sustainable agriculture. Host factors that influence the microbial community, root-associated microbial consortium, commercial application, and limitation of plant microbiome were discussed. Also, this review provides current knowledge of the plant microbiome into potential biotechnology products that can be used in agricultural systems. Regardless, microbiome innovation represents the future of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Selective Effects of Manual Massage and Foam Rolling on Perceived Recovery and Performance: Current Knowledge and Future Directions Toward Robotic Massages

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Kerautret ◽  
Franck Di Rienzo ◽  
Carole Eyssautier ◽  
Aymeric Guillot
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Foam Rolling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Manual Pressure

Manual massage and foam rolling are commonly used by athletes for warm-up and recovery, as well as by healthy individuals for well-being. Manual massage is an ancient practice requiring the intervention of an experienced physiotherapist, while foam rolling is a more recent self-administered technique. These two topics have been largely studied in isolation from each other. In the present review, we first provide a deep quantitative literature analysis to gather the beneficial effects of each technique through an integrative account, as well as their psychometric and neurophysiological evaluations. We then conceptually consider the motor control strategies induced by each type of massage. During manual massage, the person remains passive, lying on the massage table, and receives unanticipated manual pressure by the physiotherapist, hence resulting in a retroactive mode of action control with an ongoing central integration of proprioceptive feedback. In contrast, while performing foam rolling, the person directly exerts pressures through voluntary actions to manipulate the massaging tool, therefore through a predominant proactive mode of action control, where operations of forward and inverse modeling do not require sensory feedback. While these opposite modes of action do not seem to offer any compromise, we then discuss whether technological advances and collaborative robots might reconcile proactive and retroactive modes of action control during a massage, and offer new massage perspectives through a stochastic sensorimotor user experience. This transition faculty, from one mode of control to the other, might definitely represent an innovative conceptual approach in terms of human-machine interactions.

scholarly journals Microbiome Modulation—Toward a Better Understanding of Plant Microbiome Response to Microbial Inoculants

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Berg ◽  
Peter Kusstatscher ◽  
Ahmed Abdelfattah ◽  
Tomislav Cernava ◽  
Kornelia Smalla
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Indigenous Microbiota ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Plant-associated microorganisms are involved in important functions related to growth, performance and health of their hosts. Understanding their modes of action is important for the design of promising microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture. Plant-associated microorganisms are able to interact with their hosts and often exert specific functions toward potential pathogens; the underlying in vitro interactions are well studied. In contrast, in situ effects of inoculants, and especially their impact on the plant indigenous microbiome was mostly neglected so far. Recently, microbiome research has revolutionized our understanding of plants as coevolved holobionts but also of indigenous microbiome-inoculant interactions. Here we disentangle the effects of microbial inoculants on the indigenous plant microbiome and point out the following types of plant microbiome modulations: (i) transient microbiome shifts, (ii) stabilization or increase of microbial diversity, (iii) stabilization or increase of plant microbiome evenness, (iv) restoration of a dysbiosis/compensation or reduction of a pathogen-induced shift, (v) targeted shifts toward plant beneficial members of the indigenous microbiota, and (vi) suppression of potential pathogens. Therefore, we suggest microbiome modulations as novel and efficient mode of action for microbial inoculants that can also be mediated via the plant.

scholarly journals Plant microbiome structure and benefits for sustainable agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 100198
Author(s):  
Lidiane Figueiredo Santos ◽  
Fabio Lopes Olivares
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Plant Microbiome

scholarly journals Loose Ends in the Cortinarius Phylogeny: Five New Myxotelamonoid Species Indicate a High Diversity of These Ectomycorrhizal Fungi with South American Nothofagaceae

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón ◽  
Carolina Barroetaveña ◽  
Tuula Niskanen ◽  
Kare Liimatainen ◽  
Matthew E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
High Diversity

This paper is a contribution to the current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology and distribution of South American Cortinarius (Pers.) Gray. Cortinarius is among the most widely distributed and species-rich basidiomycete genera occurring with South American Nothofagaceae and species are found in many distinct habitats, including shrublands and forests. Due to their ectomycorrhizal role, Cortinarius species are critical for nutrient cycling in forests, especially at higher latitudes. Some species have also been reported as edible fungi with high nutritional quality. Our aim is to unravel the taxonomy of selected Cortinarius belonging to phlegmacioid and myxotelamonioid species based on morphological and molecular data. After widely sampling Cortinarius specimens in Patagonian Nothofagaceae forests and comparing them to reference collections (including holotypes), we propose five new species of Cortinarius in this work. Phylogenetic analyses of concatenated rDNA ITS-LSU and RPB1 sequences failed to place these new species into known Cortinarius sections or lineages. These findings highlight our knowledge gaps regarding the fungal diversity of South American Nothofagaceae forests. Due to the high diversity of endemic Patagonian taxa, it is clear that the South American Cortinarius diversity needs to be discovered and described in order to understand the evolutionary history of Cortinarius on a global scale.

scholarly journals Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Giez ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Abstract Animals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems of Hydra and its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and present Hydra as a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.

scholarly journals Establishing Causality: Opportunities of Synthetic Communities for Plant Microbiome Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Vorholt ◽  
Christine Vogel ◽  
Charlotte I. Carlström ◽  
Daniel B. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Mechanisms of Plant-Microbe Interactions and its Significance for Sustainable Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prem Pratap Singh ◽  
Anupam Kujur ◽  
Amrita Yadav ◽  
Akshay Kumar ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Microbe Interactions

Multifaceted Impacts of Bacteriophages in the Plant Microbiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 361-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Koskella ◽  
Tiffany B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ecological Interactions ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Plant Microbiome

Plant-associated bacteria face multiple selection pressures within their environments and have evolved countless adaptations that both depend on and shape bacterial phenotype and their interaction with plant hosts. Explaining bacterial adaptation and evolution therefore requires considering each of these forces independently as well as their interactions. In this review, we examine how bacteriophage viruses (phages) can alter the ecology and evolution of plant-associated bacterial populations and communities. This includes influencing a bacterial population's response to both abiotic and biotic selection pressures and altering ecological interactions within the microbiome and between the bacteria and host plant. We outline specific ways in which phages can alter bacterial phenotype and discuss when and how this might impact plant-microbe interactions, including for plant pathogens. Finally, we highlight key open questions in phage-bacteria-plant research and offer suggestions for future study.

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