Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Online Shop “Youth_Millennial” dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Merek dan Penjualan

Dunia fashion tidak pernah berhenti berputar sejak dulu dan terus meningkat hingga kini. Saat ini pasaran produk fashion tetap bergairah, khususnya pada brand clothing line yang memasarkan produknya melalui berbagai platform media sosial yang popular di kalangan generasi muda. Demikian pula yang terjadi pada merek clothing line Youth Millenial yang menyasar kaum muda. Berdasarkan hasil yang diteliti, Strategi Komunikasi Pmeasaran Youth Millenial ditujukan untuk meningkatkan brand awareness dan sales di kalangan anak muda melalui media sosial dengan menggunakan metode SOSTAC (Situation Analysis, Objective, Tactic, Action, Control) dan strategi IMC (Integrated Marketing Communication). Adapun strategi yang digunakan oleh Youth Millenial adalah: bazar, sales promotion, endorsement, kompetisi foto, dan personal selling.

Associations do not energize behavior: on the forgotten legacy of Kurt Lewin

Hundred years ago, Kurt Lewin published a series of articles in which he vehemently argued against the idea that associations between stimuli and responses motivate behavior. This article reviews his empirical work and theory and the cogency of Lewin’s conclusion according to modern standards. We conclude that Lewin’s criticism of the contiguity principle of associationism is still valid, and is now supported by a broad range of theories on learning, motivation, and action control. Implications for modern dual-system theory and modern theories on motivated action and (instructed) task sets are discussed.

Multi-Process Action Control in Physical Activity: A Primer

The gap between the decision to engage in physical activity and subsequent behavioral enactment is considerable for many. Action control theories focus on this discordance in an attempt to improve the translation of intention into behavior. The purpose of this mini-review was to overview one of these approaches, the multi-process action control (M-PAC) framework, which has evolved from a collection of previous works. The main concepts and operational structure of M-PAC was overviewed followed by applications of the framework in physical activity, and concluded with unanswered questions, limitations, and possibilities for future research. In M-PAC, it is suggested that three layered processes (reflective, regulatory, reflexive) build upon each other from the formation of an intention to a sustained profile of physical activity action control. Intention-behavior discordance is because of strategic challenges in goal pursuit (differences in outcome vs. behavioral goals; balancing multiple behavioral goals) and automatic tendencies (approach-avoidance, conservation of energy expenditure). Regulatory processes (prospective and reactive tactics) are employed to hold the relationship between reflective processes and behavior concordant by countering these strategic challenges and automatic tendencies until the development of reflexive processes (habit, identity) begin to co-determine action control. Results from 29 observational and preliminary experimental studies generally support the proposed M-PAC framework. Future research is needed to explore the temporal dynamic between reflexive and regulatory constructs, and implement M-PAC interventions in different forms (e.g., mobile health), and at different levels of scale (clinical, group, population).

Impaired dynamics of prefrontal beta-band networks during cognitive action control in Parkinson's disease

Among the cognitive symptoms that are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), alterations in cognitive action control (CAC) are commonly reported in patients. CAC enables the suppression of an automatic action, in favor of a goal-directed one. The implementation of CAC is time-resolved and arguably associated with dynamic changes in functional brain networks. However, the electrophysiological functional networks involved, their dynamic changes, and how these changes are affected by PD, still remain unknown. In this study, to address this gap of knowledge, 21 PD patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) underwent a Simon task while high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) was recorded. Source-level dynamic connectivity matrices were estimated using the phase-locking value in the beta (12-25 Hz) and gamma (30-45 Hz) frequency bands. Temporal independent component analyses were used as a dimension reduction tool to isolate the group-specific brain network states that were dominant during the task. Typical microstate metrics were quantified to investigate the presence of these states at the subject-level. Our results first confirmed that PD patients experienced difficulties in inhibiting automatic responses during the task. At the group-level, HC displayed a significant functional network state that involved typical CAC-related prefrontal and cingulate nodes (e.g., inferior frontal cortex). Both group- and subject-level analyses showed that this network was less present in PD to the benefit of other networks involving lateralized temporal and insular components. The presence of this prefrontal network was associated with decreased reaction time. In the gamma band, two networks (fronto-cingulate and fronto-temporal) followed one another in HC, while 3 partially overlapping networks that included fronto-temporal, fronto-occipital and cross-hemispheric temporal connections were found in PD. At the subject-level, differences between PD and HC were less marked. Altogether, this study showed that the functional brain networks observed during CAC and their temporal changes were different in PD patients as compared to HC, and that these differences partially relate to behavioral changes. This study also highlights that task-based dynamic functional connectivity is a promising approach in understanding the cognitive dysfunctions observed in PD and beyond.

Distributed processing for action control by prelimbic circuits targeting anterior-posterior dorsal striatal subregions.

Fronto-striatal circuits have been extensively implicated in the cognitive control of behavioral output for both social and appetitive rewards. The functional diversity of prefrontal cortical populations is strongly dependent on their synaptic targets, with control of motor output strongly mediated by connectivity to the dorsal striatum. Despite evidence for functional diversity along the anterior-posterior axis of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), it is unclear how distinct fronto-striatal sub-circuits support neural computations essential for action selection. Here we identify prefrontal populations targeting distinct DMS subregions and characterize their functional roles. We first performed neural circuit tracing to reveal segregated prefrontal populations defined by anterior/posterior dorsomedial striatal target. We then probed the functional relevance of these parallel circuits via in vivo calcium imaging and temporally precise causal manipulations during a feedback-based 2-alternative choice task. Single-photon imaging revealed circuit-specific representations of task-relevant information with prelimbic neurons targeting anterior DMS (PL::A-DMS) uniquely encoded choices and responses to negative outcomes, while prelimbic neurons targeting posterior DMS (PL::P-DMS) encoded internal representations of value and positive outcomes contingent on prior choice. Consistent with this distributed coding, optogenetic inhibition of PL::A-DMS circuits strongly impacted choice monitoring and behavioral control in response to negative outcomes while perturbation of PL::P-DMS signals impaired task engagement and strategies following positive outcomes. Di-synaptic retrograde tracing uncovered differences in afferent connectivity that may underlie these pathways functional divergence. Together our data uncover novel PL populations engaged in distributed processing for action control.

Long-Term and Transfer Effects of an Action Control Intervention in Overweight Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial Using Text Messages

Keeping a physically active lifestyle requires consistent self-regulatory effort such as action control (e.g., continuously monitoring and evaluating a behavior in terms of one’s goals). Involving the romantic partner in interventions might be particularly effective in the long run. The present study examined the long-term and transfer effects of an action control intervention in couples using text messaging for promoting target persons’ and partners’ physical activity, anthropometric measures and physical fitness 6 months post baseline. A total of 121 overweight and obese romantic couples, randomly allocated to an intervention (n = 60; information + action control text messages) or a control group (n = 61; information only) and to participating as target person or partner, completed baseline assessments (T1). 100 couples (82.6%) completed the 6-month follow-up (T3) assessment. Primary outcomes included self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and objective MVPA and MVPA adherence using triaxial accelerometers across a diary period of 14 days after T3. Secondary outcomes included BMI, waist-to-hip circumference and physical fitness (target persons only) using a submaximal aerobic cycle test. At T3, there were no significant between-group differences between target persons and partners with regard to their objective MVPA, self-reported MVPA, BMI, waist-hip ratio or physical fitness. No significant changes in outcomes were observed from T1 to T3; however, changes in BMI from T1 to T3 between target persons and partners in the intervention group were associated. Overall, the brief 14-days action control intervention was not effective in improving target person’s physical activity, body measures and physical fitness in the long-term. Moreover, no long-term benefits for partners emerged. While brief ecological momentary interventions might be a promising tool for short-term effects, future studies are needed to test features enhancing long-term effectiveness. Associations in romantic partners’ changes suggest that dyadic interventions can be a promising approach, as changes induced in one partner may then transfer over to the other (controlled-trials.com ISRCTN15705531).

What is left after an error? Towards a comprehensive account of goal-based binding and retrieval

The cognitive system readily detects and corrects erroneous actions by establishing episodic bindings between representations of the acted upon stimuli and the intended correct response. If these stimuli are encountered again, they trigger the retrieval of the correct response. Thus, binding and retrieval efficiently pave the way for future success. The current study set out to define the role of the erroneous response itself and explicit feedback for the error during these processes of goal-based binding and retrieval. Two experiments showed robust and similar binding and retrieval effects with and without feedback and pointed towards sustained activation of the unbound, erroneous response. The third experiment confirmed that the erroneous response is more readily available than a neutral alternative. Together, the results demonstrate that episodic binding biases future actions toward success, guided primarily through internal feedback processes, while the erroneous response still leaves detectable traces in human action control.

All together now: Simultaneous feature integration and feature retrieval in action control

Accounts of human action control assume integration of stimulus and response features at response execution and, upon repetition of some of those features, retrieval of other previously integrated features. Even though both processes contribute sequentially to observed binding effects in studies using a sequential prime-probe design, integration and retrieval processes theoretically affect human action simultaneously. That is, every action that we execute leads to bindings between features of stimuli and responses, while at the same time these features also trigger retrieval of other previously integrated features. Nevertheless, the paradigms used to measure binding effects in action control can only testify for integration of stimulus and response features at the first (R1, n-1, or prime) and retrieval of the past event via feature repetition at the second (R2, n, or probe) response. Here we combined two paradigms used in the action control literature to show that integration and retrieval do indeed function simultaneously. We found both significant stimulus-response and significant response-response binding effects, indicating that integration of responses must have occurred at the same time as response retrieval due to feature repetition and vice versa.