Social conditions and school performance. Exploring the differences in the lower-income strata

A number of research studies have suggested that specific pedagogic strategies can have a positive impact on learning, and in turn, have a positive impact on school performance, in particular for children being schooled in disadvantaged contexts. This analysis describes and measures how four of these pedagogic strategies identified in research – the pacing of a lesson, the sequence and coherence of a lesson, cognitive demand and the nature of feedback within a lesson – are displayed in higher and lower performing schools located in lower-income communities in the Western Cape. The analysis forms part of a broader research project, SPADE (Schools Performing Above Demographic Expectation), and is based on fifteen video-recorded Grade 3 numeracy lessons. The analysis suggests a relationship between specific pedagogic strategies and higher performance for individual learners and for schools. The analysis also identifies further effective pedagogic strategies in higher performing schools in lower-income communities.

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Practicing from Theory: Work with Youths and Reflections on Radical Criminology

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/001112878102700108 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 106-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph Bute

Keyword(s):

Young People ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Social Pressure ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Service Organizations ◽

Loss Of Control ◽

Lower Income ◽

Community Agency ◽

Economic Role

A number of economic and social conditions confronting youths in this society are described, among them the marginality of youths' economic role, social policies and practices that increase youths' isolation from others and one another, and the interactions of urban youths with agencies designed to serve them. These descriptions are followed by a discussion of conditions in lower-income urban communities and the far-reaching ef fects on such communities of economic and social pressures. In spite of the bleak situation confronting many urban communities, and youths and service organizations within them, it is possible to envision changes in relationships among groups and the larger community that would improve the community's ability to resist economic and social pressure and loss of control over change. The author draws upon his experiences in a community agency in Chicago in considering the community, its relationships with youths, and the role of agencies assisting young people.

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School performance and the risk of suicide attempts in young adults: a longitudinal population-based study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291713001852 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1235-1243 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

K. Kosidou ◽

C. Dalman ◽

P. Fredlund ◽

B. K. Lee ◽

R. Galanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Performance ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Adult Health ◽

Suicidal Thoughts ◽

Poor School Performance ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Poor School

BackgroundPoor school performance is strongly associated with attempted suicide, but the mechanisms underlying this association are uncertain. We examined this relationship and the extent to which it is explained by (i) adult health behaviours and (ii) social conditions. Furthermore, we examined the potential modifying role of previous suicidal thoughts in the relationship.MethodWe conducted a longitudinal cohort study of 6146 individuals aged 18–33 years, recruited in 2002 and 2006 in Stockholm and resurveyed in 2007 and 2010 respectively. We estimated the risk of reported lifetime suicide attempts at follow-up among individuals without a history of suicide attempts at baseline and in relation to compulsory school-leaving grades, controlling for possible confounders and mediators.ResultsThere were 91 cases of self-reported suicide attempts during the follow-up (5-year incidence of 1.5%). ORs ranged from 3.35 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.88–5.96] for those in the lowest grade quartile to 2.60 (95% CI 1.48–4.57) and 1.76 (95% CI 0.99–3.13) for those in the second and third quartiles respectively. The relationship between school performance and risk of suicide attempts did not differ by sex. Adult health behaviours and social conditions marginally attenuated, but did not explain, the relationship. The gradient varied with baseline history of suicidal thoughts, and was found only among individuals without such a history.ConclusionsPoor school performance was found to predict suicide attempts among young adults without a history of suicidal thoughts. Adult health behaviours and social conditions did not explain this relationship. Instead, other factors linked with poor school performance, such as poor coping ability, may increase the risk of suicide attempts.

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INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF ABORIGINAL CHILDREN

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.1975.tb140416.x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 2 (SP3) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. E. DUGDALE ◽

J. LESINA ◽

S. LOVELL ◽

U. PRESTWOOD ◽

A. N. LEWIS

Keyword(s):

School Performance ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Aboriginal Children

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Brazil's private sector may move on ethnic inequality

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db258964 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Political Representation ◽

Mixed Race ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Lower Income ◽

Ethnic Inequality ◽

Medium Term ◽

Content Type ◽

Income Disparities ◽

Management Positions ◽

Training Opportunities

Significance The backlash not only caused immediate protests nationwide, but also heightened the focus on persistent racism. On average, Black and mixed-race people face higher unemployment, lower income and worse social conditions, as well as greater exposure to violence and less political representation. This situation has been exacerbated by COVID-19. Impacts Black and mixed-race people remain less likely to occupy management positions despite recent moves to expand training opportunities. Significant income disparities between white and non-white groups will persist in the short-to-medium term. Despite resistance by some conservatives, antiracist initiatives led by companies have shown some successes.

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Combining Professional Interests and Travel: People to People Citizen Ambassador Program

Perspectives on Global Issues in Communication Sciences and Related Disorders ◽

10.1044/gics1.2.47 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Alex Johnson ◽

Amanda Hitchins

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Education ◽

Communication Disorders ◽

Social Conditions ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Exchange Program

Abstract This article summarizes a series of trips sponsored by People to People, a professional exchange program. The trips described in this report were led by the first author of this article and include trips to South Africa, Russia, Vietnam and Cambodia, and Israel. Each of these trips included delegations of 25 to 50 speech-language pathologists and audiologists who participated in professional visits to learn of the health, education, and social conditions in each country. Additionally, opportunities to meet with communication disorders professionals, students, and persons with speech, language, or hearing disabilities were included. People to People, partnered with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), provides a meaningful and interesting way to learn and travel with colleagues.

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