Angling to Reach a Destination to Fish—Exploring the Land and Water Travel Dynamics of Recreational Fishers in Port Phillip Bay, Australia

Recreational fishing is a popular pastime and multibillion dollar industry in Australia, playing a key economic role, especially in regional areas. In the State of Victoria, Port Phillip Bay (PPB), bordered by Melbourne and its suburbs, is the largest of the State’s marine recreational fisheries. At present, little is known about the spatial and temporal dimensions of angler travel from origins to destinations, and the applicability of such spatial knowledge in fisheries management. To address this lack of information we assessed spatiotemporal dynamics and patterns in fishing trips, based upon travel distances on land and water, to acquire insight into the spatial ranges over which anglers residing in various locations travel to fishing destinations in the environs of PPB. Data for each angler per fishing trip, from 6,035 boat-based creel surveys, collected at 20 boat ramps in PPB during a 10-year period from 2010 to 2019, were analyzed by applying geospatial modeling. Differences were observed in both land and water travel distance by region and popular target species, with anglers who launched from Bellarine region traveling further on land, and those who targeted snapper traveling further on water. It was also evident that most anglers resided within close proximity of PPB, often less than 50 km, although some anglers traveled long distances across the State to access fishing locations, particularly when targeting snapper. This work further highlights the importance of spatially explicit approaches to inform fisheries management by identifying users across different landscape and seascape scales, and out-of-region or State fishing trips, which may especially impact coastal communities and benefit local businesses.

Characteristics of the Wind and Wave Climate along the European Seas Focusing on the Main Maritime Routes

European seas have a strong economic role both in terms of transport and tourism. Providing more knowledge, regarding the mean and extreme values of the wind and sea state conditions in the areas characterized by high maritime traffic, helps to improve navigational safety. From this perspective, six zones with high maritime traffic are studied. ERA5 database, a state-of-the-art global reanalysis dataset provided by ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts), is used to assess the average values and the percentiles for the wind speed and the main wave parameters in the target areas considering the period 2001–2020. The main European routes and the extreme conditions along them as well as the areas characterized by high values of wind speed and high waves were also identified. A more comprehensive picture of the expected dynamics of the environmental matrix along the most significant shipping routes is useful because in this way the most dangerous areas could be avoided by ships for the safety of passengers and transported goods.

How Women Entrepreneurs Impact

In this chapter, a case study of women entrepreneurs provides the avenue to understand the challenges of poverty reduction and social change at the grassroots level, particularly in rural areas. This case is first among three cases that are worth noting in this book because this case exemplifies women entrepreneurs in a rural setting, where they mobilize groups of women to transform their household and community, to help impoverished Tanzanian rural women increase earnings and autonomy through nonfarm business. From these perspectives and lessons garnered, there is a tacit but general agreement that women's economic role at the local level is critical for development and that women entrepreneurs are a great resource in the Sub-Saharan Africa region.

Comparison of human and faunal enamel isotopes reveals diverse paleodiet and exchange patterns at the highland Maya Site of Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala

This study provides an isotopic examination of both human and animal paleodiets and mobility patterns at a highland Maya community. Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala, was a large Prehispanic center located in a distinctly cooler, drier setting compared with the majority of Maya sites in the surrounding lowlands. Previous archaeological research at Kaminaljuyu revealed it played an important political and economic role in the Maya region, assisting in the obsidian trade network and maintaining ties with communities as far away as Teotihuacan in central Mexico. By examining the strontium (87Sr/86Sr), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) isotope values from dental enamel of humans and terrestrial mammals at the site, this study provides direct evidence of long-distance animal trade, explores the nature and timing of such activities, and compares highland dietary patterns with faunal studies in the lowlands. Our results indicate that isotopically non-local humans and animals are most frequently found in special and ceremonial contexts, indicating that long-distance movements of people and products were motivated for politically or ritually significant events. Although dietary patterns showed cross-species variation, diets within species were similar between highland and lowland settings.

Women’s Roles and Rights in the Means of Earning and Nation’s Economic Growth

Women are the most important members of the society. Islam is the only religion where women are given their due rights in the light of rights and duties without discrimination. As we know that in human society there have been opinions based on discrimination against women’s character and role. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has completed all aspects of prophet-hood and nothing can be added and removed in it. And the most important thing is that Prophet (PBUH) has shed ample light on women’s social and economic role. This elaboration of women’s social and economic role has uncovered the fact that during the time of Prophet Mohammad and spread of Islam women have participated to their utmost to benefit Islam. Among different aspects of women’s liberation one aspect is their right of trade and business ownership which is complete contrast against western concept of women liberation. Though in Islam, women are not obligated to earn for living, but Islam gives them proper right in certain economic issues like, Feminine services, breastfeeding, incubation, and medicine and women surgeries. In the light of mentioned example we conclude that women are one of the most important part of economic welfare of the society, and there is no place of Western claim that Islam has made women “a disabled part”. In the light of Prophet Mohammad’s (PB UH) character and sayings all possible means of earning for women and their level of participation is discussed and elaborated in accordance with the following professions: trade, agriculture, labor, handicraft. In this brief article following topics will be discussed: Women’s monetary right in the light of prophet’s Teachings. Legitimate means of earning for women (in accordance with modern era) Illegitimate means of earning for women (in accordance with modern era) Suggestions and recommendations.

The Empowerment of Infaq and Waqf Evaluation in light of Maqasid al-Sharia Perspective in Mosques in Palangka Raya, Indonesia

In a community in Indonesia, the proposal of establishing a mosque as the activity center has increasingly bloomed. This program restores the exuberance of the mosque through religious practices and places it as the center of community life in social, cultural, and economic aspects. In Palangka Raya, several mosques played an economic role in building bazaars around mosques, including bistros and other small businesses. Given that most of the mosques in the city have obtained large amounts of infaq (almsgiving) and waqf, it is essential to know the extent to which these funds are used in improving the economy of Muslims, especially in Palangka Raya and its surrounding area. The researchers used qualitative research by extracting primary data through interviews, observations, and documentation. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of empowerment of infaq and waqf in the mosques of Palangka Raya City in the maqasid al-shariaperspective. This study argued that the problems in the economic empowerment plan for mosques in Palangka Raya were the lack of human resources (HR), socialization, and funds. Therefore, to minimize the drawbacks, mosque management should continue to improve its quality by socializing mosque programs, providing training for new mosque cadres, and offering professional development for existing human resources on managing zakat, infaq, and sadaqah to maximize the mosque income.

Economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization

The role of education as a socio-economic variable of the country in the context of globalization is constantly growing. Its multidimensionality is the subject to the functions implemented in the relations between society and the economy. The social, cultural, spiritual and educational function of education is a significant and indisputable subject of study in the relevant sciences. The recognition of the economic role of education, the development of estimates its effectiveness and the direction of its growth is a problem which solution depends on whether the striking discrepancy between the productivity of education and the expectations of the economy regarding its importance will be canceled. Obviously, the economic role of education is realized, first of all, in relation to its economic growth. As the development of intellectual potential is a product of the education system that develops new knowledge, provides innovative and technological improvement of production and its embodiment in an increase in the social product, which stimulates economic growth. The aim of this paper is a scientific and experimental review of the economic conditions for the development of world educational systems in the context of globalization. The main background to the development of education is the proper investment in it. Typically for European countries is the fact that most expenditures on education is in the form of government consumption, although it is the consumers who actually spend the most. However, measuring costs only in this way significantly underestimates them, since a more subtle form of costs is completely missed: the opportunity cost of lost wages, since some students are not able to be involved in employment during their studies. It is estimated that the total cost, including the alternative cost of education, are twice the direct costs.

Valuations of diversity: The role of marquee quotas in creative industries (Working Paper)

We examine how creative industry workers engage with diversity, absent a formal organizational mandate to do so. Through in-depth interviews with independent music industry personnel (N=50), we find that marquee quotas -- racially diverse representation on rosters and festival bills -- guide how diversity is sought and implemented. Such quotas are justified via four distinct valuations of diversity: aesthetic, economic, reputational, and moral. Both racialized and white participants justify the importance of diversity on moralistic grounds. By contrast, white participants more often justify the value of diversity by making claims about the aesthetic, economic and reputational benefits of marquee quotas. The deployment of these more self-serving valuations has consequences for the extent to which people of colour can be authentically included. Our analysis contributes to critiques of the socio-economic role and consequences of diversity initiatives, within the context of a creative industry.