scholarly journals PELAKSANAAN POLLUTER PAYS PRINCIPLE PADA PERUSAHAAN PERTAMBANGAN DALAM PEMULIHAN PENCEMARAN LAUT [The Implementation of the Polluter Pays Principle for Mining Companies in Marine Pollution Recovery]

Law Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Morita Christallago ◽  
Yossi Niken Respati ◽  
Rizky Karo-Karo
Keyword(s):  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
Sea Pollution ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Environmental Dispute ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle ◽  
And Control

<p><em>The Panel of Judges examining case No. 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI issued a verdict which stated that the action of PT Cahaya Bintan Abadi (Defendant I), PT S&amp;B Investama (Defendant II) and PT Perjuangan (Defendant III) carried out bauxite mining and construction of ports for wharves that have stockpiled at the edge of the wharf resulting sea pollution and death of fishes and marine habitats pier the place of Plaintiff’s livelihood is a tort. And stated that the construction of ports carried out by Defendant II and Defendant III did not carry out the function of environmental supervision and cause the sea pollution was an act of tort. According to civil law, in environmental dispute, plaintiff have the rights to make claims for compensation which is stated in Article 1365 Indonesia Civil Code. Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) is a principle of justice which regulates that the costs of pollution prevention and control should be borne by the polluter. The method used is qualitative research method. This study focuses on Case Number: 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI (inkracht), an environmental dispute between mining companies and fishermen in Tanjung Pinang City, where the mining companies polluted the sea, inflict a financial loss for fishermen and harmed the marine life. The result of this study shows that Case No. 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI has sentenced the Defendants to pay compensation to the Plaintiffs, yet it is not optimal enough in applying the Polluter Pays Principles.</em></p><p><strong>Bahasa Indonesia Abstrak: </strong>Majelis Hakim pemeriksa perkara Putusan No. 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI telah menjatuhkan putusan yang pada pokoknya menyatakan bahwa perbuatan PT Cahaya Bintan Abadi (Tergugat I), PT S&amp;B Investama (Tergugat II) dan PT Perjuangan (Tergugat III) yang melakukan penambangan bauksit dan pembuatan pelabuhan untuk dermaga yang telah menimbun atau stok piil di pinggir dermaga berakibat tercemarnya air laut dan kematian ikan dan habitat laut tempat mata pencaharian Para Penggugat adalah perbuatan melawan hukum. Dan menyatakan bahwa pembangunan dermaga dan/atau pelabuhan yang dilakukan oleh Tergugat II dan Tergugat III tidak menjalankan fungsi pengawasan lingkungan sehingga tercemarnya laut adalah perbuatan melawan hukum. Berdasarkan hukum perdata, dalam sengketa lingkungan hidup, penggugat yang merasa dirugikan mempunya hak untuk menuntut ganti rugi sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata. <em>Polluter Pays Principle </em>(PPP) merupakan prinsip keadilan yang mengatur bahwa biaya pencegahan dan pengendalian pencemaran wajib ditanggung oleh pencemar. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif. Studi ini berfokus pada Putusan Nomor 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap, merupakan sengketa lingkungan hidup antara perusahaan pertambangan dengan masyarakat nelayan Kota Tanjung Pinang, dimana perusahaan pertambangan telah mencemari laut dan menimbulkan kerugian finansial bagi masyarakat nelayan dan juga membahayakan kehidupan laut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Nomor 26/Pdt.G/2009/PN.TPI telah menghukum Para Tergugat untuk membayar ganti rugi kepada Para Penggugat, namun belum optimal dalam menerapkan <em>Polluter Pays Principle</em>.</p>

scholarly journals Long-term trends and drivers of aerosol pH in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Zhou ◽  
Guangjie Zheng ◽  
Hongli Wang ◽  
Liping Qiao ◽  
Shuhui Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Control Action ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Aerosol acidity plays a key role in regulating the chemistry and toxicity of atmospheric aerosol particles. The trend of aerosol pH and its drivers are crucial in understanding the multiphase formation pathways of aerosols. Here, we reported the first trend analysis of aerosol pH from 2011 to 2019 in eastern China. The implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan leads to −35.8 %, −37.6 %, −9.6 %, −81.0 % and 1.2 % changes of PM2.5, SO42−, NHx, NVCs and NO3− in YRD during this period. Different from the fast changes of aerosol compositions due to the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, aerosol pH shows a moderate change of −0.24 unit over the 9 years. Besides the multiphase buffer effect, the opposite effects of SO42− and non-volatile cations changes play key roles in determining the moderate pH trend, contributing to a change of +0.38 and −0.35 unit, respectively. Seasonal variations in aerosol pH were mainly driven by the temperature, while the diurnal variations were driven by both temperature and relative humidity. In the future, SO2, NOx and NH3 emissions are expected to be further reduced by 86.9 %, 74.9 % and 41.7 % in 2050 according to the best health effect pollution control scenario (SSP1-26-BHE). The corresponding aerosol pH in eastern China is estimated to increase by ~0.9, resulting in 8 % more NO3− and 35 % less NH4+ partitioning/formation in the aerosol phase, which suggests a largely reduced benefit of NH3 and NOx emission control in mitigating haze pollution in eastern China.

scholarly journals Protecting Indigenous Peoples through Right to Natural Resources: Lesson from the Existence of Navajo Tribe in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit Widiatedja
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The United States ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Pollution Prevention And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Indigenous Land

From the perspective of international law, indigenous peoples have the rights to own, use, and control their natural resources within their territories. In the United States, the Navajo Tribe has enjoyed those rights. In terms of law making process, this tribe can enact some acts to preserve a control over their natural resources. Specifically, the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act, the Clean Water Act, and the Solid Waste Act. Concerning law implementation and enforcement, Navajo Tribe has a right to equitable benefit sharing in natural resources and fair court proceeding for breach. As a result, the existence of rights for natural resources requires the U.S federal government to ensure fair administration of natural resources in order to mitigate an economic exploitation of natural resources in indigenous land.

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