scholarly journals Stereotypes and prejudices in the legal representation of violence against women. A socio-cultural analysis of the judgments in the Italian courts

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
Flaminia Saccà ◽  
Luca Massidda
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Legal Representation ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Total Lack ◽  
Council Of Ministers

The paper presents and discusses data from the research «STEP – Stereotype and Prejudice. For a Cultural Change in Gender Representation in the Judiciary, Law Enforcement and Media Reporting». The research is coordinated by Professor Flaminia Saccà, and financed by the Italian Presidency of the Council of Ministers - Department for Equal Opportunities. The analysis conducted on a sample of 283 judgments relating to crimes of violence against women (domestic violence; sexual violence; murder / femicide; human trafficking; stalking) shows how stereotypes and prejudices regarding gender relations, role expectations and women representation are still strongly rooted in our society and, at least partially, in our courtrooms. The paper identifies and describes the main critical elements found in the representation of violence against women proposed by the judgments’ language: the representation of the victim (and the key role of her testimony); the presence of three recurrent biases (family dispute bias, jealousy bias and raptus bias); the almost total lack of references to the main international regulatory sources (CEDAW and the Istanbul Convention).

Enforcement of sexual violence law in post-civil conflict societies

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillienne Haglund ◽  
David L Richards
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Legal Regimes

The climate of impunity in many post-civil conflict societies results in unprecedented levels of violence against women, making legal implementation and law enforcement particularly difficult. We argue that the presence of strong legal provisions mediates the negative influence of the post-civil conflict environment on violence against women. Specifically, we examine the role of strong legal protections on the enforcement of sexual violence legislation in post-civil conflict countries. To examine our hypothesis, we utilize an original dataset measuring the strength and enforcement of domestic legal statutes addressing violence against women for the years 2007–2010 in post-civil conflict countries. We find elements of civil conflict as well as domestic and international legal regimes to be reliably associated with the enforcement of violence against women laws and rape prevalence in post-civil conflict states.

Violence against Women and Law Enforcement in Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-40
Author(s):  
Peace A. Medie
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Creation ◽  
International Instruments

Chapter 1 builds on several themes in the Introduction by providing an overview of violence against women in Africa and a background on the creation of specialized criminal justice sector mechanisms. It identifies commonalities in the types of violence experienced in most countries and in the causes of this violence, as well as in what states have done in response. It highlights the role of patriarchal gender norms in causing this violence and in shaping the criminal justice sector’s response. The chapter also identifies the international women’s justice norm and shows how it has constituted and has been constituted by various international instruments. It discusses the emergence of specialized criminal justice mechanisms and draws on secondary sources to develop a typology of these mechanisms and to document their spread across the continent.

Sikap Pemberitaan Media dalam Memperkuat Penegakan Hukum Kasus-Kasus Korupsi

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 1420
Author(s):  
Amir Machmud NS
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Agenda Setting ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Constitutional State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Press

AbstractIt is recognized, corruption is an extraordinary crime, which is typically done by extraordinary people, with extraordinary consequences, it requires law enforcement with an outstanding attitude. The reality, in Indonesia, the existence of regular legal institutions such as the police and the prosecutor is not enough to fight corruption, so that agencies with extra power KPK needed in emergency situations like this. The role of the public critical elements to oversee law enforcement, building atmosphere deterrent effect, among others, can also be performed by the press, to function as a conduit of information, education, and social control. Freedom of the press that guaranteed by Law No. 40 of 1999 on the Press is the power to control the state administration that is transparent and accountable as the implementation of a democratic constitutional state. Media have the power to play the role of control through agenda setting and agenda-oriented framing escort so that law enforcement about corruption runs on the track.Keywords: corruption, extraordinary crime, determination, the role of the press, policy news.AbstrakDisadari, korupsi merupakan kejahatan luar biasa, yang lazimnya dilakukan oleh orang-orang luar biasa, dengan akibat-akibat yang luar biasa, maka membutuhkan penegakan hukum dengan sikap yang luar biasa. Realitasnya, di Indonesia, keberadaan lembaga-lembaga hukum reguler seperti kepolisian dan kejaksaan tidak cukup untuk memerangi korupsi, sehingga lembaga dengan kekuatan ekstra Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi dibutuhkan dalam kondisi darurat seperti ini. Peran elemen-elemen kritis publik untuk mengawal penegakan hukum, membangun atmosfer efek jera, antara lain juga bisa dilakukan oleh pers, dengan fungsi sebagai pemberi informasi, pendidikan, dan kontrol sosial. Kemerdekaan pers yang dijamin oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 199 tentang Pers merupakan kekuatan untuk mengontrol penyelenggaraan negara yang transparan dan akuntabel sebagai implementasi negara hukum yang demokratis. Media punya kekuatan untuk memainkan peran kontrol melalui agenda setting dan agenda framing yang berorientasi mengawal agar penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana korupsi berjalan dalam treknya.Kata kunci: korupsi, kejahatan luar biasa, determinasi, peran pers, kebijakan pemberitaan.

Family Courts and Human Security in South West Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Oluwaleye Monisola
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Family Courts ◽  
South West ◽  
The Family ◽  
Domestic Violence Against Women

The trend of violence against women in Nigeria has increased more than ever recently, with many women having been deprived of their fundamental rights. Violence against women in Nigeria includes sexual harassment, physical violence, harmful traditional practices, emotional and psychological violence, and socio-economic violence. This article investigates cases of domestic violence against women in South West Nigeria by assessing the role of family courts in the adjudication of such cases. Both primary and secondary sources of data were employed to examine incidents of violence against women and the role of the family courts in ensuring justice. The author employed both primary and secondary sources of data; the data gathered were analysed by frequency and simple percentages, while qualitative data were descriptively analysed. The article reveals the causes of domestic violence against women to include a cultural belief in male superiority, women’s lack of awareness of their rights, women’s poverty owing to joblessness, men seeking sexual satisfaction by force, women having only male children, the social acceptance of discipline, the failure to punish the perpetrators of violence, the influence of alcohol, and in-laws’ interference in marital relationships. It also reveals the nature of domestic violence against women. The research revealed that the family courts have played prominent roles in protecting and defending the rights of women. The author therefore recommends that the law should strengthen the family courts by extending their power to penalise the perpetrators of violence against women. 

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES IN ENSURING THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ahmedov ◽  
Yuliya Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Principle Of Legality

In 2020, the 75th anniversary of the Victory of the soviet people is celebrated over fascism. An important role in achieving this result in the conditions law enforcement officers also provided wartime assistance. The main purpose of their professional activities was to ensure the implementation of principles of legality.

Home Equity and Labor Income: The Role of Constrained Mobility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishnan Gopalan ◽  
Barton Hamilton ◽  
Ankit Kalda ◽  
David Sovich
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Local Employment

Abstract Using detailed data for U.S. homeowners, we document a negative, nonlinear relation between the loan-to-value ratio (LTV) of homeowners' primary residence and their labor income. Consistent with high LTV individuals experiencing constrained mobility, we find stronger effects among subprime, liquidity-constrained individuals and those living in regions with limited alternative local employment opportunities and strict noncompete law enforcement. Though high LTV individuals are less likely to move across MSAs, they are more likely to change jobs without changing their residence. We find no effects among similar neighboring renters employed at the same firm and with a similar job tenure.

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