scholarly journals Food crisis in fast-growing Turkmenistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-300
Author(s):  
Wioletta Nowak
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Official Rate ◽  
State Employees ◽  
Wage Arrears

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Turkmenistan’s economy has been growing very fast, which has been primarily generated through the extractive sector and construction industry. After the energy price collapse in mid-2014, the country has recorded a shortage of foreign currency. The authoritarian regime passed currency and economic problems onto the society. As a result, the country has experienced the most severe food crisis in its history. The main aim of the paper is to identify the reasons behind the food crisis in Turkmenistan. The paper tries to answer the following question: how did it happen that people in one of the fastest-growing countries in the 21st century have been suffering from food shortages? The study is based on data retrieved from the World Bank Open Data, ILOSTAT, and Observatory of Economic Complexity, as well as a critical review of independent news websites. The food crisis in Turkmenistan was primarily caused by hyperinflation and rationing basic groceries at preferential prices, wage arrears, cutting salaries of state employees to fund construction projects in progress, group layoffs of state employees, growing difficulties in running a private business, and depriving people of the possibility to exchange the currency at the official rate. The end of a free provision of Turkmenistan’s population with electricity, gas, and drinking water has further deepened the crisis.

Cuba will struggle to keep inflation at bay

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Black Market ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Price Controls ◽  
Official Exchange Rate ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government

Significance So far, state-sector price controls and price caps on food and private markets have prevented runaway inflation. However, producers are withholding goods or selling on the black market, exacerbating shortages. Dollars trade on the street for twice the official exchange rate. Impacts Food shortages and rising prices will fuel discontent; criticism of the government will grow on social media. The dollarised retail sector and the ubiquitous black market will constrain coherent economic policy planning. Havana hopes COVID-19 vaccine development will help revive international tourism and become a new foreign currency earner.

Advocacy journalism in the 21st century: Rethinking entertainment in digital Black press outlets

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110231
Author(s):  
Miya Williams Fayne
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
New Media ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Black Press ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
News Websites ◽  
Advocacy Journalism ◽  
Black Life ◽  
Insight Into

The Black press is often conceptualized as an advocacy press, but in the current digital environment, in which there are numerous entertainment-focused outlets, what exactly constitutes advocacy is fraught. Perceptions of advocacy, which have previously been associated with hard news content, are broadening to accommodate the entertainment content on Black news websites. Informed by interviews with journalists and focus groups with readers, this research finds that there are two different categorizations of advocacy journalism – hard advocacy and soft advocacy. Some editors and consumers believe the Black press should contain hard advocacy content, such as political activism coverage, while others perceive entertainment in the Black press, which provides positive coverage of African Americans and additional representation of Black life, as soft advocacy. Expanding advocacy conceptions provides further nuance and insight into how the Black press functions in the new media age.

Hurdles in Confronting the World Food Crisis: Underutilization of Irrigation Infrastructure in Turkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-443
Author(s):  
Harold Lemel
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Food ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Operational Issues ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Abstract Mounting food shortages and high prices have triggered global turmoil. Given the emphasis on irrigation as a key to boosting production, underutilization of already existing irrigation infrastructure needs to be better understood. In Turkey, from a third to half of irrigated land remains unutilized. This article, based on fieldwork conducted by the author in 2006 and updated through 2009, suggests degraded infrastructure combined with an increasingly unfavorable production environment as key factors. Beyond narrow technical or operational issues, Turkey's increasing integration and exposure to the global economy, emerges as critical. Explored are Turkish farmers' responses to challenges faced, and their implications on irrigation schemes' socio-organizational and physical viability and sustainability, and on broader environmental, socioeconomic and political issues.

Turkmen economy shows increasing signs of strain

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wage Increases

Subject Economic problems in Turkmenistan. Significance Although Turkmenistan has the world's fourth-largest natural gas reserves and is classed as an 'upper middle income' country by the World Bank, few signs of wealth are evident apart from prestige construction projects. Reports of food shortages and inflation suggest the government lacks the export revenues to support a state-controlled economy. Impacts Nominal wage increases will not offset the decline in consumer purchasing power due to inflation and manat devaluation. The number of Turkmenistan nationals working abroad will grow further. If the government is prepared to reciprocate, other Central Asian states are increasingly interested in expanding trade links.

Study on the Construction Technology of the Graded Granular Cushion at the Bottom of the Subgrade in Highway Engineering

2013 ◽  
Vol 416-417 ◽  
pp. 1771-1775
Author(s):  
Cheng Li ◽  
Hao Xuan Li ◽  
Mu Zi Zuo
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Highway Engineering ◽  
Material Life ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geological Conditions

Since the 21st century, the national economy of China has tended to fast develop, and the people's material life has been greatly improved. As the investment of the state in social infrastructure continues to increase, the domestic infrastructure construction has been in a rapid development, and especially the road and bridge construction projects have largely accelerated the development of the transportation and also the growth of the national economy in China. In the meantime, the geological conditions encountered in highway engineering are more and more complicated, so the requirement on the construction technology is continuously higher and higher, and finally certain difficulties are caused to the construction. In this paper, the construction technology of the graded granular cushion at the bottom of the subgrade in highway engineering is studied and discussed specifically.

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