scholarly journals Letter from Brazil

MODOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-41
Author(s):  
Viviana Pozzoli
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modernist Project ◽  
Art Dealer

The research addresses a previously unknown segment of the journalist and art dealer Pietro Maria Bardi’s trajectory by highlighting the centrality of the publishing issue in his activity as an organizer of artistic culture. Starting from the letters exchanged with the publisher Valentino Bompiani from 1946 – date of Bardi’s arrival to Brazil, together with Lina Bo – to the early 1950s, the paper traces the common projects, between Italy and South America, in a transnational perspective, thus opening new insights into Bardi’s role within the coeval illustrated art publishing industry and better focusing the planning of his early Brazilian years at the head of the Museu de Arte de São Paulo’s modernist project.

The Common Fossils of the British Rocks

The Geologist ◽  
1859 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S. J. Mackie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mother Earth ◽  
Great Region

In one of my last papers on the “Bottom-rocks” I appended a coloured map to a portion of the first dry-land of our mother-earth, a portion of the first division of the land from those waters “which covered the globe,” a fraction of one of those primeval cracks or ridges which then remotely shadowed out our present continents and oceans; and in the little green patches I gave all the traces known of the first beaches and sands which spread around those low and barren tracts in the great region of North America which I selected for an illustration. To this map I hope soon to add, as supplements, others of South America and of Europe. Africa must be left yet a long while ere one dare make the like attempt. To these maps, from time to time, I shall add colour after colour to show the successive deposition of those great rock-formations in which the animals and plants of the successive life-creations of our planet have been entombed; and I hope also to be able to give charts of the teeming oceans during each of those past wonderful ages severally characterised as the stages of progress and development of organic beings.

scholarly journals On a widely distributed Gamasid mite (Leiognathus morsitans, sp. n.), parasitic on the domestic fowl

1915 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
South America ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Gamasid Mite ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
The Common

The species of Leiognathus described below apparently has a very wide distribution in Africa and is also found in Mauritius, China, India and South America. It seems indeed to be the common blood-sucking Gamasid mite of poultry in these countries. As it is highly probable that this parasite transmits spirochaetosis, and perhaps other diseases of the fowl, it is desirable that further information about its distribution and life-history should be obtained. Two instances of this mite attacking man are recorded below in the list of localities.

Occurrences of the Common Tern in the Interior of South America

Bird-Banding ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph DiCostanzo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Tern ◽  
The Common

Ancient divergence and biogeography of Raukaua (Araliaceae) and close relatives in the southern hemisphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Mitchell ◽  
Rong Li ◽  
Joseph W. Brown ◽  
Ines Schönberger ◽  
Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Close Relatives

Molecular genetic analyses were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and estimate divergence times for Raukaua species and their close relatives. A monophyletic group identified as the ‘greater Raukaua clade’ was circumscribed, with eight representative species; its basal divergence was estimated at c. 70 Mya, possibly after Zealandia had separated from Gondwana. Raukaua is paraphyletic because of the placement of Motherwellia, Cephalaralia, Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. The phylogeny supports a more narrowly circumscribed Raukaua that includes the New Zealand but not the South American or Tasmanian representatives. Ancestors of the monophyletic South American and Tasmanian Raukaua and the mainland Australian Motherwellia and Cephalaralia diverged at c. 66 Mya and their current disjunction may be vicariant, with overland dispersal between Australia and South America, possibly via Antarctica. Vicariance is also a likely mechanism for divergence at c. 57 Mya of the monophyletic Motherwellia, Cephalaralia and Tasmanian Raukaua. The common ancestor of New Zealand Raukaua¸ Cheirodendron and Schefflera s.s. is inferred to have existed c. 62 Mya in New Zealand, before the marine incursions during the Oligocene, implying that New Zealand Raukaua and Schefflera s.s. survived the inundation period or speciated outside New Zealand and subsequently colonised. Ancestors of Cheirodendron split from New Zealand Raukaua c. 43 Mya and dispersed over vast expanses of the south-western Pacific to Hawaii.

From Hollywood to Argentina: Print, digital, and new ways of publishing

LOGOS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Yanina Olmos
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Publishing Industry

In the last 12 years, the publishing industry has passed through both feared and welcome changes. The article describes the timing and degree to which these changes have been and are acting in different American regions and how those translate into profitable or potentially profitable enterprises in South America.

scholarly journals Niche Breadth and Overlap of Sphagnum Species in Costa Rica

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Cyrus B. McQueen
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Niche Overlap ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sphagnum Magellanicum

Niche breadth and overlap values of Sphagnum species in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for Sphagnum-dominated peatlands in North America. Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. and S. sparsum Hampe have the broadest niche breadth of the common species in Costa Rica. Although S. sancto-josephense Crum & Crosby has a relatively narrow niche breadth, it is one of the most common species along with S. magellancium and S. sparsum in the Sphagnum habitats of Costa Rica. Niche overlap is high among species with the exception of S. platyphyllum (Braithw.) Warnst. which is found in habitats that are rich in iron. The pH, conductivity, and concentrations of Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, K, and P of Sphagnum habitats in Costa Rica are similar to those reported for páramo habitats in South America.

5. Carnivorous mammals

2017 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
T. S. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Molar Teeth ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insectivorous Mammal

‘Carnivorous mammals’ considers the various carnivorous mammals that have evolved from the common ancestor of all modern mammals—the small, nocturnal, insectivorous mammal. Several mammals still follow this mode of life today: the placental shrews, moles, and hedgehogs; the tenrecs of Madagascar; and many of the opossums of South America and Australia. These have sharp, pointed incisors and canines for capturing prey, followed by sharp-crested premolar and molar teeth. The evolution of a small, insectivorous ancestor into larger bodied, predaceous mammals required relatively few anatomical changes, the main adaptations being for capture of its prey—by stealth hunting by solitary animals or pack hunting by organized social groups.

Comparative Perspectives

2020 ◽  
pp. 740-776
Author(s):  
Kenneth G C Reid ◽  
Marius J de Waal ◽  
Reinhard Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Far East ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Financial Need

Today freedom of testation is qualified, in most countries of the world, by a degree of mandatory family protection. Broadly speaking, that protection can be delivered either by a system of fixed shares (such as forced heirship or compulsory portion), or by the court-based discretionary system which is often known as ‘family provision’. In fixed-share systems, certain family members (especially the surviving spouse and children) are protected merely because they are family members; in discretionary systems there is often an additional requirement of financial need. Fixed-share systems dominate in the civil law countries of Europe, South America, and the Far East as well as in Islamic countries and the Nordic countries; discretionary systems are found mainly in England and in the common law world more generally. The range of potential beneficiaries varies from system to system and country to country, but today includes the surviving spouse and children as well as, often, civil partners, cohabitants and even dependants. Each system has opposing strengths and weaknesses: fixed-share systems are predictable but inflexible; discretionary systems are flexible but unpredictable. Each system has sought various means to temper its weakness. Amidst general satisfaction with mandatory family provision, there have also been reforms and calls for more reform. In fixed-share systems there is support for moving, in whole or in part, to a system of judicial discretion. There is little demand, in discretionary systems, for a move in the other direction.

Revision of Neotropical aphrophorine spittlebugs, part 1: Ptyelini (Hemiptera, Cercopoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3497 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. ANDREW HAMILTON
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
New World ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Southwestern Usa ◽  
The Common ◽  
Genetic Barcoding

Cephisus Stål, formerly with only 3 recognized species, is now known from at least 10 species ranging from southwestern USA to Argentina. Eight are keyed and described, including C. siccifolia (Walker), the economic species in South America, C. variolosus (Walker), the common species in Central America, C. brevipennis sp. nov. and C. laticeps sp. nov. from Mexico, plus C. magnificus sp. nov. from Brazil; two other biological species were identified in the C. variolosus species complex from the results of genetic “barcoding.” These are differentiated from Plinthacrus phaleratus, P. mexicanus and P. irroratus (all described by Spinola in 1850) that are new synonyms of  Novaphrophara tasmaniae Lallemand, 1940 (as N. phalerata comb. nov.), a species collected recently only in Madagascar. These two genera along with 6 others are placed in the redefined tribe Ptyelini (= Takagiinae syn. nov.) as sister-genus to the palaearctic genus Cnemidanomia Kusnezov (=Takagia Matsumura), suggesting a pre-Oligocene dispersal from the old world to the new. A preliminary key is provided to the families and tribes of Cercopoidea represented in the new world.

scholarly journals Evolution, Diversification, and Biogeography of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hojun Song ◽  
Ricardo Mariño-Pérez ◽  
Derek A Woller ◽  
Maria Marta Cigliano
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Behavioral Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biogeographical Analysis ◽  
Forest Habitats

Abstract The grasshopper family Acrididae is one of the most diverse lineages within Orthoptera, including more than 6,700 valid species distributed worldwide. Grasshoppers are dominant herbivores, which have diversified into grassland, desert, semi-aquatic, alpine, and tropical forest habitats, and exhibit a wide array of morphological, ecological, and behavioral diversity. Nevertheless, the phylogeny of Acrididae as a whole has never been proposed. In this study, we present the first comprehensive phylogeny of Acrididae based on mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes to test monophyly of the family and different subfamilies as well as to understand the evolutionary relationships among them. We recovered the monophyletic Acrididae and identified four major clades as well as several well-characterized subfamilies, but we also found that paraphyly is rampant across many subfamilies, highlighting the need for a taxonomic revision of the family. We found that Acrididae originated in the Paleocene of the Cenozoic period (59.3 million years ago) and, because the separation of South America and Africa predates the origin of the family, we hypothesize that the current cosmopolitan distribution of Acrididae was largely achieved by dispersal. We also inferred that the common ancestor of modern grasshoppers originated in South America, contrary to a popular belief that they originated in Africa, based on a biogeographical analysis. We estimate that there have been a number of colonization and recolonization events between the New World and the Old World throughout the diversification of Acrididae, and, thus, the current diversity in any given region is a reflection of this complex history.

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