scholarly journals Characteristic Temporary Loss of Taste and Olfactory Senses in SARS-CoV-2-positive-Individuals with Mild Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricarda Maria Schmithausen ◽  
Manuel Döhla ◽  
Heidrun Schößler ◽  
Christin Diegmann ◽  
Bianca Schulte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Survey Participation ◽  
Probable Infection ◽  
Lower Death Rate ◽  
Local Health Authorities

SARS-CoV-2 infection has been characterized as an upper and lower respiratory tract infection with symptoms ranging from sore throat, cough, headache, and fatigue to a severe respiratory syndrome that requires intensive care [1-7]. Although a lower death rate has been recorded for SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to other recent coronavirus outbreaks, such as MERS or SARS, a compromised respiratory status on admission has been associated with fatal outcomes. Among the >1200 SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in Germany to date, many of the diagnosed persons show mild symptoms to no clinical signs of infection. Here we describe the onset and characteristics of symptoms in a cluster outbreak after a carnival celebration in a small town in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia currently contributing 43% of the total number of infected individuals in Germany to date [8]. Among the nearly 500 individuals in domestic quarantine as ordered by the Local Health Authority at that time, we interviewed 41 randomly selected individuals with qPCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inclusion criteria for the survey participation were: residents, positive for SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swabs, ≥18 years of age, and confirmed informed consent. Median age was 40 years (IQR: 31-53, range: 18-82) and 51% were female. All persons examined had attended a carnival festivity also attended by the SARS-CoV-2positive index patient. All persons who attended this carnival festivity were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by the local health authorities 10 days later. Among survey participants, onset of symptoms began 12 days (IQR: 11-13) after probable infection and a median of 6 distinct symptoms (IQR: 4-8) were described.

scholarly journals NHS indemnity for medical negligence: its implications

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Seth
Keyword(s):  
Major Change ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Medical Defence

From 1 January 1990 medical and dental practitioners employed by health authorities were no longer required under the terms of their contracts to subscribe to a medical defence organisation. The health department, however, advised practitioners (DHSS circular) to “maintain their defence body membership in order to ensure they are covered for any work which does not fall within the scope of the indemnity scheme”. The expediency with which the scheme was introduced enabled little discussion on the consequences of such change and surprised medical practitioners and defence organisations alike. This major change in medical indemnity since 1954 will have long-term implications for practitioners, medical defence organisations, local health authorities and most importantly, the quality and quantity of health care which can be delivered. A meeting held on 9 April 1990 at Charter Nightingale Hospital was convened to discuss the implications of the NHS indemnity scheme between senior registrars in psychiatry and representatives from the Medical Defence Union, Medical Protection Society, British Medical Association and the local health authority.

scholarly journals Exit,Voice, andLoyaltyin the Italian Public Health Service: Macroeconomic and Corporate Implications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelaide Ippolito ◽  
Cira Impagliazzo ◽  
Paola Zoccoli
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Local Health Authority ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Organizations ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Organizations ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Level Of Analysis

The paper analyses how customers of public health organizations can express their dissatisfaction for the services offered to them. The main aim is to evaluate the effects that possible dissatisfaction of Italian public health service customers can have on public health organizations. We adopted the methodological scheme developed by Hirschman withexit, voice,andloyalty, considering the macroeconomic and corporate implications that it causes for Italian public health organizations. The study investigated the effects developed by exit of the patients on the system of financing of local health authorities considering both the corporate level of analysis and the macroeconomic level. As a result, local health authority management is encouraged to pay greater attention to theexitphenomena through the adoption of tools that promote loyalty, such as the promotion of voice, even ifexitis not promoting, at a macroeconomic level, considerable attention to this phenomenon.

OBSTETRICS AND LOCAL HEALTH AUTHORITIES

BMJ ◽  
1924 ◽  
Vol 2 (3329) ◽  
pp. 741-742
Author(s):  
J. G. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

scholarly journals Mobility, exposure, and epidemiological timelines of COVID-19 infections in China outside Hubei province

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Fan Liu ◽  
Xiao-Ke Xu ◽  
Ye Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hubei Province ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Public Disclosures ◽  
Local Health Authorities

AbstractThe 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is pseudonymously linked to more than 100 million cases in the world as of January 2021. High-quality data are needed but lacking in the understanding of and fighting against COVID-19. We provide a complete and updating hand-coded line-list dataset containing detailed information of the cases in China and outside the epicenter in Hubei province. The data are extracted from public disclosures by local health authorities, starting from January 19. This dataset contains a very rich set of features for the characterization of COVID-19’s epidemiological properties, including individual cases’ demographic information, travel history, potential virus exposure scenario, contacts with known infections, and timelines of symptom onset, quarantine, infection confirmation, and hospitalization. These cases can be considered the baseline COVID-19 transmissibility under extreme mitigation measures, and therefore, a reference for comparative scientific investigation and public policymaking.

scholarly journals Childhood Immunisation Coverage during the COVID-19 Epidemic in Italy

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Michela Sabbatucci ◽  
Anna Odone ◽  
Carlo Signorelli ◽  
Andrea Siddu ◽  
Andrea Silenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
National Health System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Rate Decrease ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccination ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Childhood Vaccine ◽  
Local Health Authorities

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected national healthcare systems worldwide, with around 282 million cumulative confirmed cases reported in over 220 countries and territories as of the end of 2021. The Italian National Health System was heavily affected, with detrimental impacts on preventive service delivery. Routine vaccination services were disrupted across the country during the first months of the pandemic, and both access to and demand for vaccines have decreased during the pandemic. In many cases, parents preferred to postpone scheduled appointments for routine paediatric vaccinations because of stay-at-home orders or fear of COVID-19 infection when accessing care. The objective of the current study was to assess the routine childhood vaccine coverage (VC) rates during the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. We compared 2020 and 2019 VC by age group and vaccine type. The Italian Ministry of Health collected anonymised and aggregated immunisation national data through the local health authorities (LHAs). Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05. VC rates for mandatory vaccinations decreased in 2020 compared to 2019 (range of VC rate decrease: −1% to −2.7%), while chicken pox increased (+2.2%) in 7-year-old children. Recommended vaccinations were moderately affected (range of VC rate decrease in 2020 vs. 2019: −1.4% to −8.5%), with the exception of anti-HPV in males, Men ACWY, and anti-rotavirus vaccination (VC increase 2020 vs. 2019: +1.8%, +4.7% and +9.4%, respectively). In the COVID-19 era, the implementation of coherent, transparent, and effective communication campaigns and educational programs on safe childhood vaccinations, together with the increase in the number of healthcare staff employed, is essential to support strategies to reinforce vaccination confidence and behaviour, thus avoiding health threats due to VPD during and beyond COVID-19 times.

The Public Health Police

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Hoppe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Local Health Authorities

As the HIV epidemic wore on in the 2000s, public health authorities became enamored with the idea of “ending AIDS.” That is, if they could just get HIV-positive people to take their pills and stop infecting other people. Health departments began to track HIV-positive clients more closely, aiming to control their behavior and ensure their adherence to treatment regimens. This chapter explores how local health authorities ensure that HIV-positive clients behave in a manner officials deem responsible—and how they catch and punish those who do not. While the state maintains that the work of local health officials is done solely in the interests of promoting public health, their efforts to control HIV-positive clients reveal that they are also engaged in policing and law enforcement.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Dias ◽  
F. Rocha ◽  
F. M. Ulloa-Stanojlovic ◽  
A. Nitsche ◽  
C. Castagna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Local Health Authorities ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The City

AbstractIn Brazil, rabies surveillance is based on monitoring domestic and wild animals, although the most prevalent lineage of the rabies virus (RABV) currently diagnosed in Brazil is associated with bats, particularly non-haematophagous bats. Disease control is based on the mass vaccination of dogs and cats. We used data collected by the passive surveillance system of the city of Campinas from 2011 to 2015, to describe the temporal and geographic distributions of the bat specimens and RABV and discuss the current rabies surveillance with the advent of the declaration of canine and feline rabies-free areas in Brazil. We described the species, locations and health statuses of the collected bat specimens. Moreover, all samples were submitted for RABV diagnosis. Then, we performed a time series decomposition for each bat family. Additionally, we determined the spatiotemporal relative risk for RABV infection using the ratio of the kernel-smoothed estimates of spatiotemporal densities of RABV-positive and RABV-negative bats. From the 2537 bat specimens, the most numerous family was Molossidae (72%), followed by Vespertilionidae (14%) and Phyllostomidae (13%). The bat families behaved differently in terms of seasonal and spatial patterns. The distribution of bats varied geographically in the urban environment, with Molossidae and Phyllostomidae being observed downtown and Vespertilionidae being observed in peripheral zones. Concurrently, a significant relative risk of RABV infection was observed downtown for Vespertilionidae and in peripheral zones for Molossidae. No RABV-positive sample clusters were observed. As a result of the official declaration of RABV-free areas in southern Brazil, mass dog and cat vaccinations are expected to halt in the near future. This stoppage would make most dog and cat populations susceptible to other RABV lineages, such as those maintained by non-haematophagous bats. In this scenario, all information available on bats and RABV distribution in urban areas is essential. Currently, few studies have been conducted. Some local health authorities, such as that in Campinas, are spontaneously basing their surveillance efforts on bat rabies, which is the alternative in reality scenario of increased susceptibility to bat-associated RABV that is developing in Brazil.

A New Pattern in Day Hospital Development the West Middlesex Day Hospital

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (458) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Pitt ◽  
Morris Markowe
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Day Hospital ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Hospital Boards ◽  
Hospital Development ◽  
Mental Treatment ◽  
Local Health Authorities

Slowly but surely the emphasis of the mental health service is moving from the mental hospital into the community which it serves. The trend of these community developments can be seen as far back as the establishment of psychiatric out-patient clinics at general hospitals under the Mental Treatment Act, 1930, together with arrangements for after care, and continued by mental hospitals and regional hospital boards since the advent of the National Health Service. While the new era in British psychiatry awaits the implementation by local health authorities of their mandatory functions under the Mental Health Act, 1959, much can still be done within the hospital services proper to shift the emphasis into the community. One such method is described in this study of a Day Hospital developed within a large general hospital.

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