scholarly journals MTT FORMAZAN REPLACED WST-8 AS A BETTER SIMPLE SCREENING METHOD FOR DETECTION OF GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Indah Tantular
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier ◽  
Purple Color ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Simple Screening

We have previously developed the WST-8 method as a simple and rapid screening test for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency accomplished by the naked eye. However, it was little difficult to distinguish between faint orange colors developed by heterozygous females and pink colors of normal hemolyzed blood, since both have similar tones. To solve this problem, we established a new and simple screening method that utilizes another formazan substrate, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide) in combination with a hydrogen carrier, 1-methoxy phenazine methosulfate. MTT formazan exhibits a purple color, thus allowing for the ability to easily distinguish the pink colors of hemolyzed blood. However, MTT has been reported to react with hemoglobin non-specifically and to interfere with the interpretation of the color reaction. In our examinations by mixing MTT with hemolyzed blood, we found that the non-specific reaction was very slow, and that the addition of a small amount of blood (5~10 μl) into a reaction mixture (800 μl) did not interfere with the reaction of G6PD activity. In this new MTT method, a strong purple color was generated in normal blood samples at 20~30 min after incubation, which could be distinguished by the naked eye from G6PD-deficient blood samples with less than 50% residual activity. In addition, quantitative measurement using a spectrophotometer was also possible despite the fact that MTT formazan is water-insoluble.

scholarly journals Rapid Diagnosis of Bacteremia in Adults Using Acridine Orange Stained Buffy Coat Smears

1990 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mark Miller ◽  
Jack Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Blood Culture System ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Low Sensitivity

The use of acridine orange stained buffy coat smears was assessed as a rapid screening test for bacteremia in adults. A total of 356 consecutive blood cultures were submitted with simultaneous anticoagulated blood samples, from which a buffy coat smear was prepared and stained with acridine orange (100 mg/L; pH 3.0). Forty-one of 356 blood samples (12%) yielded organisms in the blood culture system. Compared to blood culture, the overall sensitivity of acridine orange stained buffy coat smears was 16%, specificity 88%, and positive predictive value 13%. There was no statistically significant difference in performance of the test among patients who had fever greater than 39°C and/or shock. The low sensitivity and specificity of the test makes it unsuitable as a means of rapid screening for adults with suspected bacteremia.

A Screening Method for Cyanide in Blood by Dimethoxytriazinyl Derivatization-GC/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akinori Yamaguchi ◽  
Hajime Miyaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Positive Response ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cyanide Poisoning ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Simple Screening

Abstract A simple screening analysis of cyanide in blood has been developed, using 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM). DMTMM, a convenient reagent for dehydrocondensation, converted cyanide to 2-cyano-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine, the dimethoxytriazinyl derivative of cyanide. This reaction proceeded in whole blood samples after treatment with trichloroacetic acid, and in basic aqueous solution samples. Sufficient sensitivity was observed by the method using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Intra- and inter-day repeated analyses (0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 1 and 5 μg/mL, n = 5) were performed and the accuracy and precision were within 20% for the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and within 15% for other concentrations. LLOQs for the aqueous solution and blood were 0.05 and 0.1 μg/mL, respectively, which are suitable for detecting cyanide poisoning. The limits of detection (signal-to-noise ratio ≥ 3) for aqueous solution and blood were 0.01 and 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. Interference from 13 other anions was tested and no false positive response was obtained, even in the case of thiocyanate, nitrite and nitrate, which are known to yield cyanide by acid treatment of blood. This method is practical because it uses readily available reagents and equipment and is sensitive enough for the rapid screening of cyanide poisoning in forensic and clinical toxicology.

scholarly journals Rapid Screening Test for Primary Hyperaldosteronism: Ratio of Plasma Aldosterone to Renin Concentration Determined by Fully Automated Chemiluminescence Immunoassays

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1650-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Holger Perschel ◽  
Rudolf Schemer ◽  
Lysann Seiler ◽  
Martin Reincke ◽  
Jaap Deinum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Plasma Aldosterone Concentration ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Edta Plasma

Abstract Background: The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (PAC/PRA) is the most common screening test for primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA), but it is not standardized among laboratories. We evaluated new automated assays for the simultaneous measurement of PAC and plasma renin concentration (PRC). Methods: We studied 76 healthy normotensive volunteers and 28 patients with confirmed PHA. PAC and PRC were measured immunochemically in EDTA plasma on the Nichols Advantage® chemiluminescence analyzer, and PRA was determined by an activity assay. Results: In volunteers, PAC varied from 33.3 to 1930 pmol/L, PRA from 1.13 to 19.7 ng · mL−1 · h−1 (0.215 ng · mL−1 · h−1 = 1 pmol · L−1 · s−1), and PRC from 5.70 to 116 mU/L. PAC/PRA ratios ranged from 4.35 to 494 (pmol/L)/(ng · mL−1 · h−1) and PAC/PRC ratios from 0.69 to 71.0 pmol/mU. In PHA patients, PAC ranged from 158 to 5012 pmol/L, PRA from 0.40 to 1.70 ng · mL−1 · h−1, and PRC from 0.80 to 11.7 mU/L. PAC/PRA ratios were between 298 and 6756 (pmol/L)/(ng · mL−1 · h−1) and PAC/PRC ratios between 105 and 2328 pmol/mU. Whereas PAC or PRC showed broad overlap between PHA patients and volunteers, the PAC/PRC ratio indicated distinct discrimination of these two groups at a cutoff of 71 pmol/mU. Conclusion: The PAC/PRC ratio offers several practical advantages compared with the PAC/PRA screening method. The present study offers preliminary evidence that it may be a useful screening test for PHA. Further studies are required to validate these results, especially in hypertensive cohorts.

Confirmation of Results of Rapid Screening Test for Aflatoxins Performed at Corn Elevator

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1419-1421
Author(s):  
Odette L Shotwell ◽  
Gail M Shannon ◽  
Marion L Goulden
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Corn Products ◽  
Rapid Screening Test ◽  
Aoac Method

Abstract A screening method for corn and corn products, based on a minicolumn, was modified slightly to assay 60 lots of corn at one elevator to determine whether they could be sold as animal feed. To be salable, the lots had to contain less than 20 ppb total aflatoxin. Aflatoxin levels in the lots were later determined by the official AOAC method for corn to check effectiveness of the screening. No lot had been designated for sale that contained 20 or more ppb total aflatoxin.

scholarly journals D-karyo—A New Prenatal Rapid Screening Test Detecting Submicroscopic CNVs and Mosaicism

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Osamu Shimokawa ◽  
Masayoshi Takeda ◽  
Hiroyasu Ohashi ◽  
Akemi Shono-Ota ◽  
Mami Kumagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
High Price ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray ◽  
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis ◽  
Rapid Screening Test

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), recently introduced following conventional cytogenetic technology, can detect submicroscopic copy-number variations (CNVs) in cases previously diagnosed as “cytogenetically benign”. At present, rapid and accurate chromosomal analysis is required in prenatal diagnostics, but prenatal CMA is not widely used due to its high price and long turnaround time. We introduced a new prenatal screening method named digital karyotyping (D-karyo), which utilizes a preimplantation genetic test for the aneuploidy (PGT-A) platform. First, we conducted a preliminary experiment to compare the original PGT-A method to our modified method. Based on the preliminary results, we decided to implement the modified strategy without whole-genome amplification (WGA) and combined it with three analytical software packages. Next, we conducted a prospective study with 824 samples. According to the indication for invasive tests, the D-karyo positive rates were 2.5% and 5.0%, respectively, in the screening positive group with NT ≥ 3.5 mm and the group with fetal abnormalities by ultrasound. D-karyo is a breakthrough modality that can detect submicroscopic CNVs ≥ 1.0 Mb accurately in only 10.5 h for 24 samples at a low cost. Implementing D-karyo as a prenatal rapid screening test will reduce unnecessary CMA and achieve more accurate prenatal genetic testing than G-banding.

Rapid screening test for porphyrinuria

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
R. M. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Rapid Screening ◽  
Rapid Screening Test
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