scholarly journals Effect of Cytoplasm on Seed Yield and Attributing Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
N.C. Sunitha ◽  
Y.G. Shadakshari
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

SIMULATION OF LEAF DAMAGE BY ARTIFICIAL DEFOLIATION AND ITS EFFECT ON SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) PERFORMANCE / SIMULACION DEL DAÑO DE HOJA POR LA ELIMINACION ARTIFICIAL DE HOJAS Y SU EFECTO SOBRE LAS PERFORMANCES DEL GIRASOL / SIMULATION DE DÉTÉRIORIATION DES FEUILLES CAUSÉE PAR DEFOLIATION ARTIFICIELLE ET SON EFFET SUR LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
M.A. Khan Shafiullah ◽  
M.A. Poswal ◽  
M.A. Rana ◽  
M.A. Baitullah
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Yield Decline ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARY Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrid NK-212 was planted at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, during 1992 and 1993 to assess the impact of various levels of simulated leaf damage, commonly caused by insects, hail or foliar diseases, on source and sink relationship. Insect attack, hail and foliar diseases often partially defoliate sunflowers and may become important factors limiting the production. Reduction in leaf area may also occur in the field as a consequence of pathogens or atmospheric conditions. Artificial defoliation was chosen as an experimental means to assess its effect on seed yield and plant behavior. It had also made possible to evaluate the effect of such a reduction at different phenological stages and to identify the leaves that contribute greatly to the seed yield. The leaves were clipped in various proportions from different parts of the plant, i.e., lower, middle and upper. The removal of upper 2/3 and 1/2 leaves caused a yield reduction of 29 and 55.8%, in 1992 and 37 and 44.8%, in 1993, respectively. In 1992, about 1% yield decline was recorded when the lower 1/3 leaves were removed and 6% yield decline with the removal of the lower 1/2 leaves. In 1993, the yield reduction was 26.7 and 39.2% due to removal of lower 1/3 and 1/2 leaves, respectively. This indicated that the upper leaves (source) contribute more towards seed yield (sink) than the lower ones. Correspondingly, the results indicated that insects and pests feeding on the upper portion of the sunflower plant can cause larger reduction in seed yield than those feeding on the lower leaves.

EFFECT OF ROW DIRECTIONS ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE LA DIRECCION DE EXTENSION DE HILERA SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y LOS COMPONENTES DEL RENDIMIENTO DE GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFFET DU SENS DES RANGÉES SUR LE RENDEMENT ET LES COMPOSANTES DU RENDEMENT CHEZ LE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (34) ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
S. Asad Shafiullah ◽  
M.A. Rana Baitullah ◽  
A.S. Khan Baitullah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
East West

SUMMARY Effect of different row directions on yield and yield components of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) was studied in a field experiment at National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan, during spring 1991 and 1992. Four row directions, i.e., north-south (NS), east-west (EW), north eastsouth west (NESW) and north west-south east (NWSE) had very little effect on seed yield and other agronomic characters of sunflower. The differences in the mean plant height, head diameter, seed yield, 100-achene weight and fatty acid profile were statistically non-significant. Trends were similar in both years. As an average of the two years, although statistically non-significant, the highest seed yield of 3065 kg/ha was obtained from north east-south west (NESW) row direction and the lowest yield of 2624 kg/ha from east-west (EW) row direction. The most pronounced effect of row direction was noted on seed moisture content. As an average of the two years, the maximum seed moisture content at harvest (21.4%) was obtained from east-west (EW) row direction and the minimum (14.6%) from north-south (NS) row direction. NESW row direction also gave significantly lower moisture content (15.1%) than EW (21.4%) and NWSE (18.1%) row directions. Therefore, using north-south and NESW row directions would help the crop to dry more quickly before harvest and reduce post harvest costs and losses. Seed production fields that require examination of sunflower heads to detect pollen production should be planted in NS rows for efficient roguing to maintain genetic purity. For research plots, EW rows with plot labels on the east end are often preferred, because it is easier to evaluate most plots when all heads face the viewer.

Stability of Single and Three-Way Cross Hybrids for Seed Yield and Other Important Agronomic Traits in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Neelima ◽  
K. G. Parameshwarappa
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

AbstractA stability analysis was carried out using nine single crosses and fifteen diverse three-way crosses for nine traits across three locations

DISTANCE FROM POLLEN SOURCE AND YIELDS OF MALE STERILE SUNFLOWER AND SORGHUM

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT G. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Production Plant ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Sterile Seed ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Efficient production of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) seed requires a minimum but adequate proportion of the land for pollinator rows and that the male sterile and pollinator rows accommodate production machinery. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of distance from pollen source on male sterile seed yield and if presently used ratios of male sterile to pollinator rows could be increased without reduction in seed yield of the male sterile parent from the land area occupied by both parents. Seed was harvested from male sterile rows located from 1 (76 cm) to 40 (30 m) rows from the pollen source. Correlations and regression analyses showed that yield per row declined linearly with distance from the pollinator rows. However, yield of the male sterile parent per hectare of area occupied by both parents was increased by including up to at least six male sterile and two pollinator rows per strip. Male sterile to pollinator row ratios of 12:1 for sunflower and 7:1 for grain sorghum did not differ significantly from the commonly used 3:1 ratio in yield of male sterile parent per hectare of area occupied by both parents.Key words: Helianthus annuus L., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, hybrid seed production, plant breeding

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