Efficacy of Fungicides on Grain Mold of Sorghum

Aims: The aim of this study was to identify resistant accessions against pathogens, causing anthracnose and grain mold. Study Design: Study was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data for anthracnose rating, grain mold severity, seed weight, and percent germination rate were analyzed using the command PROC GLM. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Texas AgriLife Research Farm, Burleson County, Texas, in 2010, 2014, and 2015 growing seasons. Methodology: Forty-seven accessions were planted in 6 m rows 0.31 m spacing. Plants were inoculated by placing Colletotrichum sublineola colonized grain in the plant whorls 30 days after planting. Disease evaluation was initiated 30 days post-inoculation and thereafter on a weekly basis for three consecutive weeks. Grain mold experiment: Three treatments were used: 1) plants sprayed with A. alternata alone, 2) a mixture of A. alternata, F. thapsinum and C. lunata, 3) control plants sprayed with sterilized water and exposed to natural infection. At 50% bloom, three panicles per line within replication were inoculated for each treatment. Results: Eleven accessions, including PI641874, PI656070, PI656115, and PI534167 were consistently resistant when challenged with the anthracnose pathogen, C. sublineola. Accessions PI534047 and PI574455, exhibited resistance to moderately resistance grain mold response when challenged with the treatments. Seed weight, germination rate, and mycoflora analysis which are factors in determining grain mold resistance also were measured. Across the accessions, mean seed weight ranged from1.4 g to 4.3 g per 100 kernel and germination rate ranged from 26 to 87%. Conclusion: The resistant accessions identified in this study can be used in breeding programs to develop anthracnose and grain mold resistance lines.

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Resistance to Grain Mold and Downy Mildew in a Mini-Core Collection of Sorghum Germplasm

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-4-0439 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Rajan Sharma ◽

V. P. Rao ◽

H. D. Upadhyaya ◽

V. Gopal Reddy ◽

R. P. Thakur

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Core Collection ◽

Resistance Breeding ◽

Downy Mildew Resistance ◽

Mildew Resistance ◽

Mini Core Collection ◽

Grain Mold ◽

Mold Resistance ◽

Photoperiod Sensitive ◽

Landrace Accessions

Grain mold and downy mildew are important biotic constraints to grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) production worldwide and are best managed through host plant resistance. A sorghum mini-core collection composed of 242 germplasm accessions developed from a core collection of 2,246 landrace accessions from 58 countries was evaluated to identify sources of grain mold and downy mildew resistance. Of the 242 accessions, 140 that flowered during the rainy season (the other 102 accessions were photoperiod sensitive) were screened for grain mold resistance in a grain mold nursery under field epiphytotic conditions during 2007 and 2008. All 242 accessions were screened for downy mildew in the greenhouse using a sandwich inoculation technique. Fifty accessions were resistant to grain mold (≤10% mean severity). These resistant accessions represented four basic and six intermediate races of sorghum that originated from 21 countries and exhibited considerable diversity for agronomic and morphological traits. Downy mildew resistance (mean incidence ≤10%) was observed only in six (IS 28747, IS 31714, IS 23992, IS 27697, IS 28449, and IS 30400) of the 242 accessions. One accession, IS 23992, exhibited resistance to both the diseases. The morphologically and agronomically diverse accessions that are resistant to grain mold or downy mildew should be useful to sorghum disease resistance breeding programs.

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Multienvironment Evaluation of Tannin-Free Photoperiod-Insensitive Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) for Yield and Resistance to Grain Mold in Senegal

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/5534314 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Cyril Diatta ◽

Mame P. Sarr ◽

Thierry Klanvi Tovignan ◽

Ousmane Aidara ◽

Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Rating Score ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Stability Performance ◽

Major Interest ◽

Grain Mold ◽

Mold Resistance ◽

Disease Pressure ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

Combining resistance to grain mold with high grain yield in tannin-free white-grained photoperiod-insensitive sorghum is of major interest for farmers in Senegal. In this study, GGE biplot analysis was used to assess the performance, adaptability, and stability of eleven sorghum parental lines and their hybrid combinations for yield and grain mold resistance under Senegalese environments. Eleven inbred lines along with their 22 hybrid combinations and one check were evaluated across three sites during the 2015 and 2016 rainy seasons under natural grain mold infestation. The results of this study showed strong genetic variability among studied genotypes for all measured traits. The highly significant G × E interaction effects for grain yield and panicle grain mold rating score (PGMR) indicated that both traits are influenced by genetics and to some extent by environment. Broad-sense heritability computed was high for all these traits except PGMR, showing a high environmental pressure on this later. The study showed that grain mold pressure in the studied sites decreased following a South-North gradient similar to the rainfall pattern, with the south region wetter, explaining the high disease pressure in Darou and Sinthiou Maleme contrary to Bambey. The GGE biplot analysis performed showed that the first two principal components explained 85.84% of the total variation of GGE sum of squares for grain yield. The which-won-where view of the GGE biplot for grain yield showed that the hybrid HB16 was the most adapted for Bambey area. The ranking of genotypes based on both yield performance and stability showed that HB16, HB5, HB21, HB18, and HB7 were the best hybrids combining high grain yield, high stability performance, and tolerance to grain mold disease across the test environments. These hybrids outperformed the best yielding inbred line P29 (2196.7 kg ha−1) with grain yield advantages ranging 17–60%. Therefore, these hybrids could be recommended to farmers in order to improve sorghum yield in Senegal.

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Development of sorghum hybrids for stable yield and resistance to grain mold for the Center and South-East of Senegal

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/j.cropro.2019.02.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 119 ◽

pp. 197-207

Author(s):

Cyril Diatta ◽

Thierry Klanvi Tovignan ◽

Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja ◽

Ousmane Aidara ◽

Yagouba Diao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Mold ◽

Stable Yield

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