Norovirus and Adenovirus Among Children from Public Day Care Centers in Brazil

Introduction: Enteric viruses, including noroviruses and adenovirus are pathogens associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in worldwide. This study aimed investigate cases of gastroenteritis caused by noroviruses and adenoviruses in children attending Public Daycare Centers in Brazil. Material and Methods: In this study, 135 fecal samples were examined using RT-PCR assays, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results: The prevalence for norovirus and adenovirus was 13.3% (18/135) and 58.5% (79/135), respectively. Noroviruses were more frequent in symptomatic individuals (22.7%), whereas adenoviruses were more observed in asymptomatic children (61.8%). Three norovirus genotypes were detected (GII.P4, GII.P7, GII.P12) and adenovirus strains were classified into five species (A-F). The data revealed the dynamics of genotypic distribution of noroviruses and adenoviruses among children attending day care centers. The data indicated that symptomatic and asymptomatic children were infected with several strains of NoV e AdV. The additional evolutionary analyses need to be further investigated.

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Longitudinal testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in day care centers in Hesse, Germany, during increased local incidence and with VOC Alpha as dominant variant: Results of the SAFE KiDS 2 and SAFE KiDS 3 study

10.1101/2021.06.29.21259633 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Schenk ◽

Sebastian Hoehl ◽

Olga Rudych ◽

Emilie Kreutzer ◽

Dominic Menger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Care Setting ◽

Local Community ◽

Infectious Period ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Staff Members ◽

Viral Shedding ◽

Daycare Centers ◽

Alpha Variant ◽

The Impact

In the summer of 2020, we investigated the rate of inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a representative sample of day care centers from Hesse, Germany, and found a low positivity rate during a period of low local community spread. To investigate the influence of a high local incidence setting, we conducted the SAFE KiDS 2 study. 577 children and 334 staff members of 47 daycare centers were tested for respiratory and gastrointestinal shedding of SARS-CoV-2, and three infections with SARS-CoV-2 in the infectious period were detected. We conclude that viral shedding occurred infrequently while the original "wild-type" variant was dominant. The more transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha (B.1.1.7) became the dominant strain after the SAFE KiDS 2 was concluded. The SAFE KiDS 3 study investigated the impact of the Alpha variant of SARS-Co-2 on inapparent viral shedding in the day care setting. In this study, 756 children and 226 staff members from 46 day care centers provided self-collected saliva swabs, the so-called "Lollipop" swabs, which were tested by RT-PCR. In the four-week study period, none of the participants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, demonstrating that inapparent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the day care setting was also rare during the dominance of the Alpha variant. The influence of the variant of concern Delta on day care centers has yet to be examined.

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Stool Survey of Asymptomatic Diapered Children in Day Care

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.6.1026 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 1026-1027

Author(s):

Michele M. Ginsberg ◽

Kathleen Keenan ◽

Muriel Thompson ◽

Bronwen Anders

Keyword(s):

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Day Care ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Enteric Diseases ◽

Department Of Health ◽

Asymptomatic Children ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Stool Cultures

A survey of diaper-wearing children in community-day-care centers was conducted by the San Diego Department of Health Services during the period February-April 1986 to determine the presence of enteric pathogens in asymptomatic children. Written consent to collect stool samples from diapers was obtained from parents of children at four preschools. No reportable enteric diseases or outbreaks had occurred at the schools in the preceding year. For each child, the preschool teachers maintained a record of symptoms (eg, diarrhea, fever) during the week of stool collection. Stool specimens were collected from 63 diapered children. The samples were examined for parasites and cultured for bacteria and viruses. Giardia lamblia was identified in 18% to 32% of stool samples collected from children at three of the four centers. Prevalence of Giardia varied with the age of the child (0% age <12 months to 33% age <23 months). Microscopic examinations for Cryptosporidium and pathogenic amoeba were negative. Stool cultures were negative for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter. The prevalence of adenoviruses identified by viral cultures ranged from 32% to 80% at four sites. Echovirus was isolated from 36% of samples at one center. All stools were negative for rotavirus. Giardia was identified in the stools of 22% of children in day care in the absence of diarrhea or of concurrent illness. These findings indicate that asymptomatic infection with Giardia occurs commonly among children attending day-care centers. The lack of any documented outbreak or symptoms of enteric disease among attendees suggests that these asymptomatic children with Giardia need not be excluded from day care.

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Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa in Some Asymptomatic Children Aged Five Years Old Who Attend Private Day Care Centers

International Journal for Sciences and Technology ◽

10.12816/0023800 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 35-38

Author(s):

Fadia A. M. Al-Khayat

Keyword(s):

Day Care ◽

Intestinal Protozoa ◽

Day Care Centers ◽

Asymptomatic Children

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European Multicenter Evaluation of Commercial Enzyme Immunoassays for Detecting Norovirus Antigen in Fecal Samples

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00214-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1349-1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Jim J. Gray ◽

Evelyne Kohli ◽

Franco M. Ruggeri ◽

Harry Vennema ◽

Alicia Sánchez-Fauquier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rt Pcr ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Commercial Enzyme ◽

Enzyme Immunoassays ◽

Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽

Thermo Fisher Scientific ◽

Outbreak Investigations ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Screening Assays ◽

Fisher Scientific

ABSTRACT A total of 2,254 fecal samples were tested in a European multicenter evaluation of commercially available norovirus antigen detection assays. Two commercial enzyme immunoassays, IDEIA Norovirus (Oxoid; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Ely, United Kingdom) and RIDASCREEN Norovirus (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany), were included in the evaluation, and their performance was compared with the results of reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Included in the evaluation were samples collected in sporadic cases of gastroenteritis, samples from outbreaks in which two or more samples were collected, well-characterized samples representing genotypes currently cocirculating within Europe, and samples collected from patients with gastroenteritis caused by a pathogen other than norovirus. The sensitivities and specificities of the IDEIA Norovirus and RIDASCREEN Norovirus assays were 58.93 and 43.81% and 93.91 and 96.37%, respectively, compared with RT-PCR. The sensitivities of both assays for outbreak investigations improved when six or more samples from an outbreak were examined. The IDEIA Norovirus assay exhibited reactivity to a broader range of norovirus genotypes than the RIDASCREEN Norovirus assay, which showed genotype-dependent sensitivities. The results indicate that, if used, these assays should serve as screening assays and the results should be confirmed by RT-PCR.

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Development of RT-PCR assays for the detection and the resultant phylogenetic analysis of four grapevine vitiviruses based on the coat protein sequences

Journal of Virological Methods ◽

10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 113712

Author(s):

Toufic Elbeaino ◽

Hamza Chammem ◽

Zeinab Alsaheli ◽

Amani Ben Slimen ◽

Michele Digiaro

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Coat Protein ◽

Protein Sequences ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Pcr Assays

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Detection and Characterization of Distinct Alphacoronaviruses in Five Different Bat Species in Denmark

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v10090486 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 486 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christina Lazov ◽

Mariann Chriél ◽

Hans Baagøe ◽

Esben Fjederholt ◽

Yu Deng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Myotis Daubentonii ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time ◽

Geographical Locations

Bat populations harbour a multitude of viruses; some of these are pathogenic or potentially pathogenic in other animals or humans. Therefore, it is important to monitor the populations and characterize these viruses. In this study, the presence of coronaviruses (CoVs) in different species of Danish bats was investigated using active surveillance at different geographical locations in Denmark. Faecal samples were screened for the presence of CoVs using pan-CoV real-time RT-PCR assays. The amplicons, obtained from five different species of bats, were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a species-specific clustering with the samples from Myotis daubentonii, showing a close resemblance to coronavirus sequences obtained from the same species of bat in Germany and the United Kingdom. Our results show, for the first time, that multiple, distinct alphacoronaviruses are present in the Danish bat populations.

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