FIXED PHRASE SCHEME AS A SPECIAL LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE FORMAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
V.Y. Melikyan ◽  
◽  
A.V. Melikyan ◽  
V.V. Posidelova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Grammatical Variation ◽  
Limited Possibility ◽  
Ontological Aspect ◽  
Logical Semantic

The article focuses on the theoretical and practical aspects of logical-semantic and grammatical-communicative division of the fixed phrase scheme structure. The authors argue that a fixed phrase scheme is dominated by a plan of content over the plan of expression, and therefore generally the gnoseological aspect prevails. The syntactic construction phraseologization expands its possibilities in cognitive and communicative aspects: the number of represented typical objective situations, typical sentence meanings, types of relations, and therefore systems of relations between minimal segments of thought increases. At the same time, the orientation of relations between minimal segments of thought becomes stable, which is due to the limited possibility of a fixed phrase scheme in terms of grammatical variation. The phraseologization degree determines the cognitive and communicative parameters of the fixed phrase scheme: the higher the phraseologization degree, the more significant is the influence of the gnoseological aspect; the lower, the more the influence of the ontological aspect is manifested. The phraseologization phenomenon determines the representation possibility of a wider knowledge format that the fixed phrase scheme possesses in comparison with a free syntactic construction. Thus, in the fixed phrase scheme sphere, there is a different correlation between the linguistic knowledge format and the form of this knowledge representation at the language level. All this allows us to consider the fixed phrase scheme as a particular format of linguistic knowledge.

Alternative Ways for Knowledge Collection, Indexing and Robust Language Retrieval

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 315-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lovis ◽  
A.-M. Rassinoux ◽  
J.-R. Scherrer ◽  
R. H. Baud
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Natural Components

AbstractDefinitions are provided of the key entities in knowledge representation for Natural Language Processing (NLP). Starting from the words, which are the natural components of any sentence, both the role of expressions and the decomposition of words into their parts are emphasized. This leads to the notion of concepts, which are either primitive or composite depending on the model where they are created. The problem of finding the most adequate degree of granularity for a concept is studied. From this reflection on basic Natural Language Processing components, four categories of linguistic knowledge are recognized, that are considered to be the building blocks of a Medical Linguistic Knowledge Base (MLKB). Following on the tracks of a recent experience in building a natural language-based patient encoding browser, a robust method for conceptual indexing and query of medical texts is presented with particular attention to the scheme of knowledge representation.

scholarly journals Russian and Polish Grammars of the 18th Century as Textbooks on Language Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Alla Kozhinowa
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Language Theory ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Linguistic Typology ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Sign Relations ◽  
Functional Syntax

The article presents Russian and Polish grammarians’ points of view (Vasily Adodurov, Mikhail Lomonosov, Anton Barsov, Walenty Szylarski, Onufry Kopczyński) on considering language theory issues and how they described them in their works written in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The grammars under consideration were aimed not only at a detailed description of the Russian and Polish languages or teaching the correct language usage; in addition, they contained some theoretical information given in a manner that is comparable with modern linguistic knowledge. That information lay in the field of linguistic typology. It was also assumed that a language could acquire communicative, cognitive, nominative, and poetic functions (the appropriate terms were not used at that time). Besides, the issues concerning the forms of language existence – written and oral, as well as the dicho­tomy of language and speech, the nature of a language sign, including the ideas about its arbitrariness, its semantics and pragmatics were raised. Additionally, interesting discussions about sign relations at the phonetic-phonological language level, as well as some ideas of functional syntax were initiated. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that the grammars of the 18th century were a reflection of the historical situation in which this grammatical research was done.

scholarly journals THE REALIZATION OF METAPHOR OF MODALITY USED IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH IN UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursyah Handayani ◽  
Siti Aisyah Ginting ◽  
Zanuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
Grammatical Variation ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Speech Transcription ◽  
Logical Semantic

This Study investigates modality used by Donald Trump in his   speech  in  United Nations General Assembly 2017. Modality is expressed as the speakers’s judgment of the Obligation, or probabilities involved what is saying. The speech was conveyed by Donal Trump as the  representative of America in United Nations General Assembly 2017. Three objectives of the study are the describtion of  kinds of the modality used on  Donald Trump’s speech in United Nations General Assembly, the analyze of realization of modality and the describtion of the reasons of modality.the data were obtained from Donal Trump’s speech . The speech transcription was analyzed by applying Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory. The Occurences of modality were qualitatively analyzed by converting them into persentages to determine the proportions namely (i) explicitly subjective, (ii) imlicity subjective, (iii) explicitly objective and (iv) imlicity objective. The findings indicates that imlicity subjective (68.75 %) , ) explicitly subjective (17.19%), imlicity objective (7.81%) and explicitly objective (6.25%). It means that the speech is also conveyed methaphorically or congruently by grammatical variation which occurs is based on the logical semantic relationship projection and exert the pragmatic function to connct the listener perception toward the speaker judgmentKeywords: modality, explicitly subjective, imlicity subjective, explicitly objective, imlicity objective

The Russian prefix pod- from the viewpoint of lexical concepts

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHANNA VIIMARANTA
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Dynamic Process ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Concepts ◽  
Permanent Property ◽  
National Corpus

abstractThe Russian prefix pod- has several meanings, both concrete ones having to do with approaching or being under or down, and a series of seemingly unrelated abstract meanings such as imitating, ingratiating, or doing in secret. This paper approaches the polysemy of pod- from the viewpoint of the Theory of Lexical Concepts and Conceptual Models (LCCM) that sees word meaning not as a permanent property of words, but as a dynamic process in which context and accessed non-linguistic knowledge representation play an important role. This approach uses the notion of lexical concepts to describe the mediating unit between concrete linguistic examples and cognitive models that these examples are connected to. The 505 verbs analyzed bring up the lexical concepts [UNDER], [VERTICAL MOVEMENT], [CLOSE], and [CONTACT]. The connection of these lexical concepts with certain metaphorical and metonymical models is also discussed. Twelve of the 505 verbs are examined more closely in different contexts with the help of twenty-nine illustrative examples from the spoken corpus of the Russian National Corpus.

The Distinction between Linguistic and Conceptual Semantics in Medical Terminology and its Implication for NLP-Based Knowledge Acquisition

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Buekens ◽  
G. De Moor ◽  
A. Waagmeester ◽  
W. Ceusters
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Natural Language Understanding ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Conceptual Semantics

AbstractNatural language understanding systems have to exploit various kinds of knowledge in order to represent the meaning behind texts. Getting this knowledge in place is often such a huge enterprise that it is tempting to look for systems that can discover such knowledge automatically. We describe how the distinction between conceptual and linguistic semantics may assist in reaching this objective, provided that distinguishing between them is not done too rigorously. We present several examples to support this view and argue that in a multilingual environment, linguistic ontologies should be designed as interfaces between domain conceptualizations and linguistic knowledge bases.

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