Legal Mechanisms for Protection of the Rights of Participants in Contractual and Non-Contractual Legal Relations

The aim of this study is a comprehensive analysis of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations based on the experience of foreign countries, namely: Australia, Brazil, Spain, Mexico, Germany, Portugal, Turkey, France, and Switzerland. This research involved the following methods: sociological analysis, system-structural and comparative methods, logical-semantic and formal-logical methods, as well as the dialectical method. Our study resulted in identification of the main characteristics and features of legal mechanisms to protect the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations of each of the studied countries. As a result, we drew conclusions about the need to update the regulatory framework of most of the said countries. The further use of mechanisms for legal protection of the rights of participants in contractual and non-contractual relations will help ensure their real and effective protection.

Semantic Study on Network News Texts in Mode of “Distant Reading”

The corpus adopted in this study is from the official news texts of Chinese and foreign network media collected and processed by researchers. By Voyant, a web-based text reading and analysis platform, the study finds and analyzes the semantic differences of lexical chunk Chinese culture in Chinese and foreign news stories under the semantic view of systematic-functional grammar with the digital humanistic mode “distant reading” as the semantic analysis research means. the study explores the implicit semantic deviation and its logical semantic relationship between Chinese and foreign news texts.

Foreign experience of judicial control over the enforcement of decisions in civil judiciary

Purpose. The aim of the work is to analyze judicial control over the implementation of decisions in civil proceedings of foreign countries, to identify the mechanism of judicial control over the implementation of decisions in civil proceedings, to determine the most effective measures to implement foreign judicial control in civil proceedings of Ukraine. Method. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material of judicial control in foreign countries and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations for its further practical implementation in civil proceedings in Ukraine. The following methods of scientific cognition were used during the research: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, system-structural, logical-normative. Results. In the course of the study it was recognized that judicial control in Ukraine is applied only in the case of appeals against decisions, acts and omissions of executors. Despite its formal consolidation, it will be effective in the case of the introduction of a real mechanism of its application, taking into account the positive experience of foreign countries. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research it was established that updating of theoretical and methodological bases of introduction of judicial control over execution of decisions in civil proceedings of Ukraine should take into account positive foreign experience of its functioning in the following countries: England, USA, Poland, Germany, France. decisions are an integral part of the activities of the judiciary. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking and law enforcement activities during the judicial control in the civil process of Ukraine.

Use of electronic evidence by refugees in civil procedure

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current legislation that regulates the submission of refugees to court and the study of electronic evidence by courts in civil proceedings, outline the existing problems of using electronic evidence in court proceedings and analysis of court practice of electronic evidence. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of existing scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions. During the research the methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative-legal, logical-semantic, functional, logical-normative. Results. The study found that the use of electronic evidence, on the one hand, has simplified the proof procedure for refugees, but on the other hand, problems remain. Scientific novelty. In the course of the research it was established that for the full use of electronic evidence in Ukraine it is expedient to refine the information and telecommunication systems of courts, to provide courts with appropriate material and technical base, which would allow unhindered research of electronic evidence. Practical significance. The significance of the study is determined by the fact that the scientific results provide a basis for improving the legislation on the use of electronic evidence by refugees in Ukraine.

Some problematic aspects of questions put to the forensic experts concerning overdraft for legal entities

Considering the fact, that within the bounds of current market relations the sufficient sum of the working capital is predominant for a high competitiveness of a legal entity, the purpose of the article is to cover some problematic issues in drawing up an expert report on cases, regarding overdraft for legal entities. Methodology. The methodology of this article includes an effective comprehensive analysis, generalization of available scientific and theoretical material and forming relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific research have been used during the study: terminological, logical-semantic, functional, systemic-structural, logical-normative. Results. In the course of the research some main problematic aspects of questions put to the forensic experts concerning overdraft for legal entities were identified. A standard list of documents required to obtain an overdraft has been compiled, as well as the list of basic principles, on which the requirements to the borrower are based. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research is demonstrated through the thoughtful clarification and complementation and determining of the overdraft classification criteria, compilement of the list of documents required to obtain it, as well as the list of basic, fundamental principles, on which the primary requirements to the borrower are based. Practical significance. The significant results of the study can be used by forensic experts in economic forensic investigations in drawing up expert reports on cases, regarding overdraft for legal entities.

Experiencing Personal Data Protection on the Internet and Its Possibilities of Recognition and Enforcement in Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to find the most successful ways, forms and methods of personal data protection on the Internet among foreign countries for domestic political and legal realities. The following methods were used in the article: dialectical, logical-semantic, comparative-legal, documentary analysis, analytical, information-analytical. Issues related to the adaptation of the successful experience of a number of developed countries in the field of personal data protection on the Internet are brought up for discussion. Some options are covered and specified, which include effective methods and ways to implement an effective mechanism for personal data protection on the Internet in Ukraine. It is emphasized that the protection and proper confidentiality of personal data of individuals is one of the key tasks currently facing modern jurists. It is also added that the nature and specifics of the use and protection of personal data of individuals, including on the Internet, are extremely closely related to the institution of intellectual property. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the level of protection of personal data of individuals in a country is an indicator of the extent to which such a state meets the criteria of freedom, democracy, and the rule of law.

Between the Culture and Barbarians: Semiotic Analysis of the Poem „Venetian Mask...“ by Giedrė Kazlauskaitė

This article presents the semiotic analysis of Giedrė Kazlauskaitė poem Venecijietiška kaukė… The research aims to delve into the structures of the poetic world of Giedrė Kazlauskaitė, which is achieved through executing a detailed semiotic analysis of one poem. Accordingly, this paper follows the semiotic framework of the analytical trajectory, which encompasses the analysis through the means of discursive, narrative, and logical semantic levels. In addition, the study includes Yuri Lotman’s discourse of the concept of the mirror in cultural semiotics. Findings derived from the semiotic analysis suggest that the figures of the mask and the mirror become central representations at the discursive level of the poem, as they exist in a paratopic space - the make-up room. The mask and the mirror appear in Kazlauskaitė’s poetry as an essential tool for shaping one’s own identity. Moreover, the analysis of the poem is supplemented with the expression of the passions of anger and jealousy. Such approach highlights two different forms of anger: destruction arising from jealousy and a creative act. These forms suggest that the passion of anger drives the subject to the act of doing. Furthermore, in this poem, the figure of the poet is not presented as calm or accommodating, but rather as angry and unafraid to show contempt.

Public and private economic and legal interests in the field of international transport in the latest edition of Incoterms

The article examines the importance of maintaining a balance of public and private interests when using "autonomy of will" in international trade. The relevance of this study is because the field of international transport is dynamic (closely related to the economy), the sphere of public activity that requires constant monitoring and updating. Purpose: to investigate the process of implementation of economic and legal tasks in the field of international transportation, taking into account the entry into force of the new version of the Code of Trade Rules - Incoterms. Methodology: logical-semantic, historical, analytical, comparative analysis, and synthesis. Research results: such foreign economic activity as international transportation is considered, the basic conditions of Incoterms 2020 terms concerning international transportations and conditions of realization by contractors of the economic-legal interests through observance of these conditions are allocated and analyzed in detail. The work can be used in preparation for the conclusion of a foreign trade agreement.

Using visual thinking for computer support in teaching the design of technological equipment

The aim of the work is to substantiate the possibility of using multidisciplinary visualization tools in the educational process based on a logical-semantic scheme (LSS), which acts as a methodological platform for building a system of automated support for engineering decisions in designing technological equipment. An interactive learning environment is examined, which, by actively interacting with students, significantly increases the effectiveness, being able to accommodate and coordinate together more multidisciplinary information. In a visual version, the characteristics of the technologization means are presented, in conditions of computerization having logical and semantic schemes about the studied subject area, and an example of a multidisciplinary presentation of a course for students on designing heater plates for injection molding of plastics is considered. A diagram is presented that illustrates the current state of theoretical knowledge. It allows visualizing the basic concepts, formation, structure and arrangement of the stated knowledge for students. It clearly shows the cause-and-effect relationship. This, on the one hand, makes it easier for a young specialist to understand the knowledge being studied, and on the other hand, it allows having deeper understanding of the design of technological equipment.

CULTURAL COMPETENCE AS ONE OF THE KEY COMPETENCIES IN THE RENEWAL UKRAINIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM

The aim of the article is to specify the content of cultural competence and the expected results of its development in the context of basic secondary education. Cultural competence as the educational term was first defined in the Law “On Education” in Ukraine (2017) and in the State Standard of the Basic Secondary Education (2020) for the 5th - 12th classes1 . The article specifies the process of cultural competence attainment and the expected learning outcomes. The results of the study are formulated based on a logical-semantic analysis and structural-functional clarification of the cultural competence essence, separation of its structural components, and interpretation of the provisions of adopted Regulation documents, Standards, and Recommendations on Education Policy, as well as a reflective analysis of research results on the concept of cultural competence in national and international researches. The cultural competence of a person is manifested in the form of a core competence that allows him or her to independently understand and freely use at his or her discretion the whole range of acquired competencies and expertise in socio-cultural and general, institutional and conventional norms and regulators of behavior in mobile social communication, including in different languages. Scientific discussion of the competence concept is an up-to-date issue due to the reformation of the Ukrainian educational system, according to the world model.